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  • Open Access

D-shell mixing in light baryons and its effect on the orbital motion

Nicholas Miesch*, Edward Shuryak†, and Ismail Zahed‡

  • Center for Nuclear Theory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794–3800, USA

  • *Contact author: Nicholas.Miesch@stonybrook.edu
  • †Contact author: edward.shuryak@stonybrook.edu
  • ‡Contact author: ismail.zahed@stonybrook.edu
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Phys. Rev. D 112, 094001 – Published 4 November, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/b8cp-1pwl

Abstract

The standard description of the nucleon in the nonrelativistic quark model is an 1S,L=0 state without orbital motion. Yet, there are several indications from phenomenology that an admixture of states with nonzero orbital motion maybe substantial. In this paper we focus on the “second shell” of the nucleon excitations (D-shell), for which we give a modern description of the wave functions. We follow it by investigating what we call a “maximal mixing” scenario, assuming a hypothetical long-range tensor force. We give the explicit wave functions for all states, before and after mixing, and reassess many predictions such as the magnetic moments, the standard and transitional form-factors from the nucleon to N*. Unexpectedly, in this scenario we can reproduce the long-puzzling features of the Roper resonance N*(1440). But even in this extreme case, the admixture of the 1D,L=2 state to a nucleon remains significantly smaller than expected from phenomenology.

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Phys. Rev. D 112, 094001– Published 4 November, 2025
  • Received 17 July 2025
  • Accepted 29 August 2025
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