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  • Open Access

Tomography of pions and kaons in the QCD vacuum: Transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions

Wei-Yang Liu* and Ismail Zahed†

  • Center for Nuclear Theory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA

  • *Contact author: wei-yang.liu@stonybrook.edu
  • †Contact author: ismail.zahed@stonybrook.edu
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Phys. Rev. D 112, 034039 – Published 29 August, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/9t4h-zpwm

Abstract

We evaluate the pion and kaon transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions in the instanton liquid model, a model of the QCD vacuum at low resolution. The relevant transverse momentum distributions (TMDs) are factored into a constituent quark distribution times a rapidity dependent soft factor from staple-shaped Wilson lines, for fixed parton longitudinal momentum and transverse separation. The results are evolved to higher rapidities using the Collins-Soper kernel and higher resolution using renormalization group evolution. The comparison to existing extractions of pion TMDs from Drell-Yan data is briefly discussed.

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Phys. Rev. D 112, 034039– Published 29 August, 2025
  • Received 15 March 2025
  • Accepted 21 July 2025
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.

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