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Quark number susceptibilities and conserved charge fluctuations in (2+1)-flavor QCD with Möbius domain wall fermions

Jishnu Goswami1, Yasumichi Aoki2, Hidenori Fukaya3, Shoji Hashimoto4,5, Issaku Kanamori2, Takashi Kaneko4,5, Yoshifumi Nakamura2, David Ward3, Yu Zhang1 et al. (JLQCD Collaboration)

Yu Zhang1 (JLQCD Collaboration)

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Phys. Rev. D 114, 074516 – Published 29 October, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/7vkn-kb1l

Abstract

We calculate second- and selected fourth-order conserved-charge fluctuations in (2+1)-flavor QCD using Möbius domain-wall fermions (MDWF) along a line of constant physics. Gauge ensembles were generated for two light-to-strange quark-mass ratios, ml/ms=1/10 and 1/27.4, corresponding to heavier-than-physical and physical pion masses, respectively. For ml/ms=1/10, calculations were carried out on lattices with temporal extents Nτ=12 and 16, enabling an assessment of lattice-spacing effects at heavier pion mass. For ml/ms=1/27.4, calculations were performed at Nτ=12, allowing us to study the light-quark-mass dependence down to the physical point. Several second-order conserved-charge fluctuations show qualitative consistency with the QMHRG2020 hadron resonance gas baseline below the pseudocritical region within present uncertainties. Across the crossover region, these observables rise rapidly and tend toward their Stefan-Boltzmann limits. Selected fourth-order cumulants were also computed at the physical pion mass. Although these observables are statistically more demanding, several channels with controlled uncertainties permit a first comparison with hadron resonance gas calculations.

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Phys. Rev. D 114, 074516– Published 29 October, 2026
  • Received 10 May 2026
  • Accepted 18 September 2026
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.

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