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Constraints on generalized gravity-thermodynamic cosmology from DESI DR2

Udit K. Tyagi1,2,*, Sandeep Haridasu3,4,5,†, and Soumen Basak2,‡

  • *Contact author: u.tyagi@unsw.edu.au
  • †Contact author: sharidas@sissa.it
  • ‡Contact author: sbasak@iisertvm.ac.in

Phys. Rev. D 113, 063507 – Published 4 March, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/7jkz-l38r

Abstract

We explore the cosmological implications of generalized entropic models within the framework of gravity-thermodynamics (GT) approaches. These models, characterized by three or four additional free parameters, are designed to capture deviations from the standard Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and can reproduce well-known entropic formulations, including Tsallis, Rényi, Sharma-Mittal, Barrow, Kaniadakis, and loop quantum gravity entropies in various analytical limits. We implement the corresponding cosmological models using a fully numerical GT approach to constrain the model parameters and to study the evolution of the dark energy equation of state as a function of the scale factor. Our Bayesian analysis, which incorporates the Pantheon+and DESy5 supernovae data alongside the recently released DESI-DR2/DR1 baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements, shows that the data favor the standard Bekenstein-Hawking entropy, leading to a ΛCDM-like late-time behavior. In this context, the three-parameter (S3) entropic model appears to be sufficient to capture the observed dark energy phenomenology. Furthermore, a direct comparison of the Bayesian evidence indicates that the three-parameter model is preferred over the four-parameter (S4) variant by a factor of ΔlogB∼−6, while the GT approach as a whole is significantly disfavored relative to the ΛCDM model with at least ΔlogB∼−8 (S3) to ΔlogB∼−13 (S4), when using the DESy5 and DESI-DR2 datasets.

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