- Open Access
Extended inert doublet model with low scale seesaw mechanisms
Phys. Rev. D 113, 055045 – Published 26 March, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/7fqx-9fb1
Abstract
We have developed an extension of the inert doublet model in which the phases in the weak sector are generated from one-loop level corrections mediated by dark fields, while the strong phase remains vanishing at three loops. In this framework, the tiny masses of the active neutrinos are produced through a radiative inverse seesaw mechanism at a two-loop level, the masses of the first and second families of Standard Model (SM) charged fermions arise from a one-loop level radiative seesaw mechanism, and the third generation of SM charged fermion masses are generated at tree level. We have demonstrated that the proposed model successfully accounts for SM fermion masses and mixings. The radiative nature of the seesaw mechanisms is attributed to preserved discrete symmetries, which are required for ensuring the stability of fermionic and scalar dark matter candidates. The preserved discrete symmetries also allow for multicomponent dark matter, whose annihilation processes permit one to successfully reproduce the measured amount of dark matter relic abundance for an appropriate region of parameter space, which has been shown to be compatible with current dark matter direct detection limits. Besides that, we explore the model’s ability to explain the 95 GeV diphoton excess observed by the CMS Collaboration, showing that it readily accommodates this anomaly. We also have shown that charged lepton flavor violating decays acquire rates within the current experimental sensitivity.
Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)
Article Text
References (144)
- A. B. McDonald, Nobel Lecture: The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory: Observation of flavor change for solar neutrinos, Rev. Mod. Phys. 88, 030502 (2016).
- G. Bertone, D. Hooper, and J. Silk, Particle dark matter: Evidence, candidates and constraints, Phys. Rep. 405, 279 (2005).
- J. M. Pendlebury et al., Revised experimental upper limit on the electric dipole moment of the neutron, Phys. Rev. D 92, 092003 (2015).
- G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collaboration), Observation of a new particle in the search for the standard model Higgs boson with the ATLAS detector at the LHC, Phys. Lett. B 716, 1 (2012).
- S. Chatrchyan et al. (CMS Collaboration), Observation of a new boson at a mass of 125 GeV with the CMS experiment at the LHC, Phys. Lett. B 716, 30 (2012).
- A. M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collaboration), Observation of production, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 231801 (2018).
- G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collaboration), Evidence for the Higgs-boson Yukawa coupling to tau leptons with the ATLAS detector, J. High Energy Phys. 04 (2015) 117.
- A. M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collaboration), Combined measurements of Higgs boson couplings in proton-proton collisions at , Eur. Phys. J. C 79, 421 (2019).
- N. Cabibbo, Unitary symmetry and leptonic decays, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10, 531 (1963).
- A. M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collaboration), Observation of the Higgs boson decay to a pair of leptons with the CMS detector, Phys. Lett. B 779, 283 (2018).
- M. Aaboud et al. (ATLAS Collaboration), Observation of Higgs boson production in association with a top quark pair at the LHC with the ATLAS detector, Phys. Lett. B 784, 173 (2018).
- M. Aaboud et al. (ATLAS Collaboration), Observation of decays and production with the ATLAS detector, Phys. Lett. B 786, 59 (2018).
- B. S. Balakrishna, A. L. Kagan, and R. N. Mohapatra, Quark mixings and mass hierarchy from radiative corrections, Phys. Lett. B 205, 345 (1988).
- E. Ma, Radiative quark and lepton masses through soft supersymmetry breaking, Phys. Rev. D 39, 1922 (1989).
- T. Kitabayashi and M. Yasue, Radiatively induced neutrino masses and oscillations in an gauge model, Phys. Rev. D 63, 095002 (2001).
- D. Chang and H. N. Long, Interesting radiative patterns of neutrino mass in an model with right-handed neutrinos, Phys. Rev. D 73, 053006 (2006).
- A. E. Carcamo Hernandez, R. Martinez, and F. Ochoa, Radiative seesaw-type mechanism of quark masses in , Phys. Rev. D 87, 075009 (2013).
- A. E. Carcamo Hernandez, I. de Medeiros Varzielas, S. G. Kovalenko, H. Päs, and I. Schmidt, Lepton masses and mixings in an multi-Higgs model with a radiative seesaw mechanism, Phys. Rev. D 88, 076014 (2013).
- M. D. Campos, A. E. Cárcamo Hernández, S. Kovalenko, I. Schmidt, and E. Schumacher, Fermion masses and mixings in an grand unified model with an extra flavor symmetry, Phys. Rev. D 90, 016006 (2014).
- S. M. Boucenna, S. Morisi, and J. W. F. Valle, Radiative neutrino mass in scheme, Phys. Rev. D 90, 013005 (2014).
- H. Okada, N. Okada, and Y. Orikasa, Radiative seesaw mechanism in a minimal model, Phys. Rev. D 93, 073006 (2016).
- W. Wang and Z.-L. Han, Radiative linear seesaw model, dark matter, and , Phys. Rev. D 92, 095001 (2015).
- C. Arbeláez, A. E. Cárcamo Hernández, S. Kovalenko, and I. Schmidt, Radiative seesaw-type mechanism of fermion masses and nontrivial quark mixing, Eur. Phys. J. C 77, 422 (2017).
- T. Nomura and H. Okada, Radiatively induced quark and lepton mass model, Phys. Lett. B 761, 190 (2016).
- C. Kownacki and E. Ma, Gauge dark symmetry and radiative light fermion masses, Phys. Lett. B 760, 59 (2016).
- T. Nomura, H. Okada, and N. Okada, A colored KNT neutrino model, Phys. Lett. B 762, 409 (2016).
- A. E. Cárcamo Hernández, J. W. F. Valle, and C. A. Vaquera-Araujo, Simple theory for scotogenic dark matter with residual matter-parity, Phys. Lett. B 809, 135757 (2020).
- A. E. C. Hernández, C. Hati, S. Kovalenko, J. W. F. Valle, and C. A. Vaquera-Araujo, Scotogenic neutrino masses with gauged matter parity and gauge coupling unification, J. High Energy Phys. 03 (2022) 034.
- A. E. Cárcamo Hernández, S. Kovalenko, F. S. Queiroz, and Y. S. Villamizar, An extended model with radiative linear seesaw mechanism, Phys. Lett. B 829, 137082 (2022).
- A. E. Cárcamo Hernández, V. K. N., and J. W. F. Valle, Linear seesaw mechanism from dark sector, J. High Energy Phys. 09 (2023) 046.
- A. E. Cárcamo Hernández, Y. H. Velásquez, S. Kovalenko, N. A. Pérez-Julve, and I. Schmidt, Models of radiative linear seesaw with electrically charged mediators, Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2024, 103 (2024) B02,
- A. E. Cárcamo Hernández, I. de Medeiros Varzielas, and J. M. González, Predictive linear seesaw model with family symmetry, Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2025, 033B04 (2025).
- A. E. Cárcamo Hernández, A novel and economical explanation for SM fermion masses and mixings, Eur. Phys. J. C 76, 503 (2016).
- J. E. Camargo-Molina, A. P. Morais, A. Ordell, R. Pasechnik, M. O. P. Sampaio, and J. Wessén, Reviving trinification models through an E6-extended supersymmetric GUT, Phys. Rev. D 95, 075031 (2017).
- J. E. Camargo-Molina, A. P. Morais, R. Pasechnik, and J. Wessén, On a radiative origin of the standard model from trinification, J. High Energy Phys. 09 (2016) 129.
- A. E. Cárcamo Hernández and H. N. Long, A highly predictive flavour model with radiative inverse seesaw mechanism, J. Phys. G 45, 045001 (2018).
- A. Dev and R. N. Mohapatra, Natural alignment of quark flavors and radiatively induced quark mixings, Phys. Rev. D 98, 073002 (2018).
- A. E. Cárcamo Hernández, S. Kovalenko, J. W. F. Valle, and C. A. Vaquera-Araujo, Neutrino predictions from a left-right symmetric flavored extension of the standard model, J. High Energy Phys. 02 (2019) 065.
- A. E. Cárcamo Hernández, S. Kovalenko, and I. Schmidt, Radiatively generated hierarchy of lepton and quark masses, J. High Energy Phys. 02 (2017) 125.
- A. E. Cárcamo Hernández, S. Kovalenko, J. W. F. Valle, and C. A. Vaquera-Araujo, Predictive Pati-Salam theory of fermion masses and mixing, J. High Energy Phys. 07 (2017) 118.
- A. E. Cárcamo Hernández, S. Kovalenko, H. N. Long, and I. Schmidt, A variant of model for the generation of the SM fermion mass and mixing pattern, J. High Energy Phys. 07 (2018) 144.
- A. E. Cárcamo Hernández, S. Kovalenko, R. Pasechnik, and I. Schmidt, Sequentially loop-generated quark and lepton mass hierarchies in an extended inert Higgs doublet model, J. High Energy Phys. 06 (2019) 056.
- C. Arbeláez, A. E. Cárcamo Hernández, R. Cepedello, S. Kovalenko, and I. Schmidt, Sequentially loop suppressed fermion masses from a single discrete symmetry, J. High Energy Phys. 06 (2020) 043.
- A. E. C. Hernández, S. Kovalenko, M. Maniatis, and I. Schmidt, Fermion mass hierarchy and g-2 anomalies in an extended 3HDM model, J. High Energy Phys. 10 (2021) 036.
- A. E. C. Hernández, D. T. Huong, and I. Schmidt, Universal inverse seesaw mechanism as a source of the SM fermion mass hierarchy, Eur. Phys. J. C 82, 63 (2022).
- V. H. Binh, C. Bonilla, A. E. Cárcamo Hernández, D. T. Huong, K. N. Vishnudath, H. N. Long, P. N. Thu, and I. Schmidt, Phenomenology of models with a radiative inverse seesaw mechanism, Phys. Rev. D 110, 075022 (2024).
- A. E. Cárcamo Hernández, D. T. Huong, S. Kovalenko, A. P. Morais, R. Pasechnik, and I. Schmidt, How low-scale trinification sheds light in the flavor hierarchies, neutrino puzzle, dark matter, and leptogenesis, Phys. Rev. D 102, 095003 (2020).
- A. E. Cárcamo Hernández, D. T. Huong, and H. N. Long, Minimal model for the fermion flavor structure, mass hierarchy, dark matter, leptogenesis, and the electron and muon anomalous magnetic moments, Phys. Rev. D 102, 055002 (2020).
- A. E. C. Hernández, S. F. King, and H. Lee, Fermion mass hierarchies from vectorlike families with an extended 2HDM and a possible explanation for the electron and muon anomalous magnetic moments, Phys. Rev. D 103, 115024 (2021).
- A. E. C. Hernández and I. Schmidt, A renormalizable left-right symmetric model with low scale seesaw mechanisms, Nucl. Phys. B976, 115696 (2022).
- A. E. Cárcamo Hernández, C. Espinoza, J. C. Gómez-Izquierdo, J. Marchant González, and M. Mondragón, Phenomenology of extended multiHiggs doublet models with family symmetry, Eur. Phys. J. C 84, 1239 (2024).
- A. E. Cárcamo Hernández, D. Restrepo, I. Schmidt, and O. Zapata, Effective interactions for the SM fermion mass hierarchy and their possible UV realization, Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2024, 113B01 (2024).
- A. E. Cárcamo Hernández, K. Kowalska, H. Lee, and D. Rizzo, Global analysis and LHC study of a vectorlike extension of the standard model with extra scalars, Phys. Rev. D 109, 035010 (2024).
- P. A. C., A. E. Cárcamo Hernández, V. K. N., S. Kovalenko, R. Pasechnik, and I. Schmidt, Left-right model with radiative double seesaw mechanism, J. High Energy Phys. 12 (2024) 162.
- R. D. Peccei and H. R. Quinn, Constraints imposed by conservation in the presence of instantons, Phys. Rev. D 16, 1791 (1977).
- R. D. Peccei and H. R. Quinn, conservation in the presence of instantons, Phys. Rev. Lett. 38, 1440 (1977).
- S. Weinberg, A new light boson?, Phys. Rev. Lett. 40, 223 (1978).
- A. E. Nelson, Naturally weak violation, Phys. Lett. 136B, 387 (1984).
- S. M. Barr, Solving the strong problem without the Peccei-Quinn symmetry, Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, 329 (1984).
- A. E. Nelson, Calculation of Barr, Phys. Lett. 143B, 165 (1984).
- S. M. Barr, A natural class of non-Peccei-Quinn models, Phys. Rev. D 30, 1805 (1984).
- H. B. Camara, F. R. Joaquim, and J. W. F. Valle, Dark-sector seeded solution to the strong problem, Phys. Rev. D 108, 095003 (2023).
- E. Ma, D. Ng, J. T. Pantaleone, and G.-G. Wong, One loop induced fermion masses and exotic interactions in a standard model context, Phys. Rev. D 40, 1586 (1989).
- E. Ma, Hierarchical radiative quark and lepton mass matrices, Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 2866 (1990).
- E. Ma, Pathways to naturally small neutrino masses, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 1171 (1998).
- Z.-j. Tao, Radiative seesaw mechanism at weak scale, Phys. Rev. D 54, 5693 (1996).
- E. Ma, Verifiable radiative seesaw mechanism of neutrino mass and dark matter, Phys. Rev. D 73, 077301 (2006).
- P.-H. Gu and U. Sarkar, Radiative neutrino mass, dark matter and leptogenesis, Phys. Rev. D 77, 105031 (2008).
- E. Ma and D. Suematsu, Fermion triplet dark matter and radiative neutrino mass, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 24, 583 (2009).
- M. Hirsch, R. A. Lineros, S. Morisi, J. Palacio, N. Rojas, and J. W. F. Valle, WIMP dark matter as radiative neutrino mass messenger, J. High Energy Phys. 10 (2013) 149.
- A. Aranda and E. Peinado, A new radiative neutrino mass generation mechanism with higher dimensional scalar representations and custodial symmetry, Phys. Lett. B 754, 11 (2016).
- D. Restrepo, A. Rivera, M. Sánchez-Peláez, O. Zapata, and W. Tangarife, Radiative neutrino masses in the singlet-doublet fermion dark matter model with scalar singlets, Phys. Rev. D 92, 013005 (2015).
- R. Longas, D. Portillo, D. Restrepo, and O. Zapata, The inert Zee model, J. High Energy Phys. 03 (2016) 162.
- S. Fraser, E. Ma, and M. Zakeri, Verifiable associated processes from radiative lepton masses with dark matter, Phys. Rev. D 93, 115019 (2016).
- S. Fraser, C. Kownacki, E. Ma, and O. Popov, Type II radiative seesaw model of neutrino mass with dark matter, Phys. Rev. D 93, 013021 (2016).
- F. von der Pahlen, G. Palacio, D. Restrepo, and O. Zapata, Radiative type III seesaw model and its collider phenomenology, Phys. Rev. D 94, 033005 (2016).
- T. Nomura and H. Okada, Loop induced type-II seesaw model and GeV dark matter with gauge symmetry, Phys. Lett. B 774, 575 (2017).
- T. Nomura and H. Okada, Radiative neutrino mass in an alternative gauge symmetry, Nucl. Phys. B941, 586 (2019).
- N. Bernal, A. E. Cárcamo Hernández, I. de Medeiros Varzielas, and S. Kovalenko, Fermion masses and mixings and dark matter constraints in a model with radiative seesaw mechanism, J. High Energy Phys. 05 (2018) 053.
- W. Wang, R. Wang, Z.-L. Han, and J.-Z. Han, The scotogenic models for Dirac neutrino masses, Eur. Phys. J. C 77, 889 (2017).
- C. Bonilla, S. Centelles-Chuliá, R. Cepedello, E. Peinado, and R. Srivastava, Dark matter stability and Dirac neutrinos using only standard model symmetries, Phys. Rev. D 101, 033011 (2020).
- J. Calle, D. Restrepo, C. E. Yaguna, and O. Zapata, Minimal radiative Dirac neutrino mass models, Phys. Rev. D 99, 075008 (2019).
- I. M. Ávila, V. De Romeri, L. Duarte, and J. W. F. Valle, Phenomenology of scotogenic scalar dark matter, Eur. Phys. J. C 80, 908 (2020).
- A. E. Cárcamo Hernández and S. F. King, Muon anomalies and the Yukawa relations, Phys. Rev. D 99, 095003 (2019).
- C. Alvarado, C. Bonilla, J. Leite, and J. W. F. Valle, Phenomenology of fermion dark matter as neutrino mass mediator with gauged B-L, Phys. Lett. B 817, 136292 (2021).
- C. Arbeláez, R. Cepedello, J. C. Helo, M. Hirsch, and S. Kovalenko, How many 1-loop neutrino mass models are there?, J. High Energy Phys. 08 (2022) 023.
- R. Cepedello, P. Escribano, and A. Vicente, Neutrino masses, flavor anomalies, and muon g-2 from dark loops, Phys. Rev. D 107, 035034 (2023).
- J. Leite, S. Sadhukhan, and J. W. F. Valle, Dynamical scoto-seesaw mechanism with gauged B-L symmetry, Phys. Rev. D 109, 035023 (2024).
- C. Bonilla, E. Ma, E. Peinado, and J. W. F. Valle, Two-loop Dirac neutrino mass and WIMP dark matter, Phys. Lett. B 762, 214 (2016).
- S. Baek, H. Okada, and Y. Orikasa, A two loop radiative neutrino model, Nucl. Phys. B941, 744 (2019).
- S. Saad, Origin of a two-loop neutrino mass from SU(5) grand unification, Phys. Rev. D 99, 115016 (2019).
- T. Nomura and H. Okada, A two loop induced neutrino mass model with modular symmetry, Nucl. Phys. B966, 115372 (2021).
- C. Arbeláez, A. E. Cárcamo Hernández, R. Cepedello, M. Hirsch, and S. Kovalenko, Radiative type-I seesaw neutrino masses, Phys. Rev. D 100, 115021 (2019).
- S. Saad, Combined explanations of , , anomalies in a two-loop radiative neutrino mass model, Phys. Rev. D 102, 015019 (2020).
- Z.-z. Xing and D. Zhang, On the two-loop radiative origin of the smallest neutrino mass and the associated Majorana phase, Phys. Lett. B 807, 135598 (2020).
- C.-H. Chen and T. Nomura, Two-loop radiative seesaw, muon g-2, and -lepton-flavor violation with DM constraints, J. High Energy Phys. 09 (2021) 090.
- T. Nomura, H. Okada, and Y. Uesaka, A two-loop induced neutrino mass model, dark matter, and LFV processes , and in a hidden local symmetry, Nucl. Phys. B962, 115236 (2021).
- R. Mohapatra and J. Valle, Neutrino mass and baryon number nonconservation in superstring models, Phys. Rev. D 34, 1642 (1986).
- M. Malinsky, J. C. Romao, and J. W. F. Valle, Novel supersymmetric SO(10) seesaw mechanism, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 161801 (2005).
- M. Malinsky, T. Ohlsson, Z.-z. Xing, and H. Zhang, Non-unitary neutrino mixing and violation in the minimal inverse seesaw model, Phys. Lett. B 679, 242 (2009).
- G. Guo, X.-G. He, and G.-N. Li, Radiative two loop inverse seesaw and dark matter, J. High Energy Phys. 10 (2012) 044.
- S. S. C. Law and K. L. McDonald, Inverse seesaw and dark matter in models with exotic lepton triplets, Phys. Lett. B 713, 490 (2012).
- I. Baldes, N. F. Bell, K. Petraki, and R. R. Volkas, Two radiative inverse seesaw models, dark matter, and baryogenesis, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 07 (2013) 029.
- A. Abada and M. Lucente, Looking for the minimal inverse seesaw realisation, Nucl. Phys. B885, 651 (2014).
- S. Mandal, N. Rojas, R. Srivastava, and J. W. F. Valle, Dark matter as the origin of neutrino mass in the inverse seesaw mechanism, Phys. Lett. B 821, 136609 (2021).
- A. Abada, N. Bernal, A. E. C. Hernández, X. Marcano, and G. Piazza, Gauged inverse seesaw from dark matter, Eur. Phys. J. C 81, 758 (2021).
- A. E. C. Hernández, C. Espinoza, J. C. Gómez-Izquierdo, and M. Mondragón, Fermion masses and mixings, dark matter, leptogenesis and muon anomaly in an extended 2HDM with inverse seesaw, Eur. Phys. J. Plus 137, 1224 (2022).
- C. Bonilla, A. E. Carcamo Hernandez, B. Saez D𝚤az, S. Kovalenko, and J. Marchant Gonzalez, Dark matter from a radiative inverse seesaw majoron model, Phys. Lett. B 847, 138282 (2023).
- C. Bonilla, A. E. Carcamo Hernandez, S. Kovalenko, H. Lee, R. Pasechnik, and I. Schmidt, Fermion mass hierarchy in an extended left-right symmetric model, J. High Energy Phys. 12 (2023) 075.
- A. Abada, N. Bernal, A. E. Cárcamo Hernández, S. Kovalenko, and T. B. de Melo, Three-Loop inverse scotogenic seesaw models, J. High Energy Phys. 05 (2024) 035.
- J. C. Gómez-Izquierdo, C. Espinoza, L. E. G. Luna, and M. Mondragón, Inverse see-saw mechanism with flavor symmetry, Nucl. Phys. B1018, 117027 (2025).
- M. Maniatis, A. von Manteuffel, O. Nachtmann, and F. Nagel, Stability and symmetry breaking in the general two-Higgs-doublet model, Eur. Phys. J. C 48, 805 (2006).
- G. Bhattacharyya and D. Das, Scalar sector of two-Higgs-doublet models: A minireview, Pramana 87, 40 (2016).
- P. A. Zyla et al. (Particle Data Group Collaboration), Review of particle physics, Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2020, 083 (2020) C01.
- Y. Kajiyama, H. Okada, and T. Toma, Multicomponent dark matter particles in a two-loop neutrino model, Phys. Rev. D 88, 015029 (2013).
- R. N. Mohapatra, Mechanism for understanding small neutrino mass in superstring theories, Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 561 (1986).
- M. C. Gonzalez-Garcia and J. W. F. Valle, Fast decaying neutrinos and observable flavor violation in a new class of majoron models, Phys. Lett. B 216, 360 (1989).
- A. A. et al., Low scale seesaw models versus , J. High Energy Phys. 02 (2014) 091.
- R. N. M. Y. Chikashige and R. D. Peccei, Are there real goldstone bosons associated with broken lepton number?, Phys. Lett. B 98, 265 (1981).
- J. Schechter and J. W. F. Valle, Neutrino decay and spontaneous violation of lepton number, Phys. Rev. D 25, 774 (1982).
- G. B. Gelmini and M. Roncadelli, Left-handed neutrino mass scale and spontaneously broken lepton number, Phys. Lett. B 99, 411 (1981).
- K. Choi and A. Santamaria, Majorons and supernova cooling, Phys. Rev. D 42, 293 (1988).
- J. F. B. et al., Decay of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 181301 (2003).
- Y. Farzan, Bounds on the coupling of the majoron to neutrinos from cosmology, Phys. Rev. D 67, 073015 (2008).
- G. G. Raffelt, Stars as Laboratories for Fundamental Physics (University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1996).
- G. Alguero, G. Belanger, F. Boudjema, S. Chakraborti, A. Goudelis, S. Kraml, A. Mjallal, and A. Pukhov, micrOMEGAs 6.0: N-component dark matter, Comput. Phys. Commun. 299, 109133 (2024).
- S. Navas et al. (Particle Data Group Collaboration), Review of particle physics, Phys. Rev. D 110, 030001 (2024).
- G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collaboration), A detailed map of Higgs boson interactions by the ATLAS experiment ten years after the discovery, Nature (London) 607, 52 (2022); 612, E24 (2022).
- A. Tumasyan et al. (CMS Collaboration), A portrait of the Higgs boson by the CMS experiment ten years after the discovery, Nature (London) 607, 60 (2022).
- N. Aghanim et al. (Planck Collaboration), Planck 2018 results. VI. Cosmological parameters, Astron. Astrophys. 641, A6 (2020); 652, C4(E) (2021).
- E. Aprile et al. (XENON Collaboration), WIMP dark matter search using a 3.1 exposure of the XENONnT experiment, Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 221003 (2025).
- J. Aalbers et al. (LZ Collaboration), First dark matter search results from the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment, Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 041002 (2023).
- Z. Bo et al. (PandaX Collaboration), Dark matter search results from 1.54 exposure of PandaX-4T, Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 011805 (2025).
- A. Hayrapetyan et al. (CMS Collaboration), Search for a standard model-like Higgs boson in the mass range between 70 and 110 GeV in the diphoton final state in proton-proton collisions at , Phys. Lett. B 860, 139067 (2025).
- T. Biekötter, S. Heinemeyer, and G. Weiglein, The CMS di-photon excess at 95 GeV in view of the LHC run 2 results, Phys. Lett. B 846, 138217 (2023).
- P. Langacker and D. London, Lepton number violation and massless nonorthogonal neutrinos, Phys. Rev. D 38, 907 (1988).
- L. Lavoura, General formulae for , Eur. Phys. J. C 29, 191 (2003).
- L. T. Hue, L. D. Ninh, T. T. Thuc, and N. T. T. Dat, Exact one-loop results for in models, Eur. Phys. J. C 78, 128 (2018).
- K. Afanaciev et al. (MEG II Collaboration), New limit on the decay with the MEG II experiment, Eur. Phys. J. C 85, 1177 (2025).
- I. Esteban, M. C. Gonzalez-Garcia, M. Maltoni, T. Schwetz, and A. Zhou, The fate of hints: Updated global analysis of three-flavor neutrino oscillations, J. High Energy Phys. 09 (2020) 178.
- R. H. Bernstein and P. S. Cooper, Charged lepton flavor violation: An experimenter’s guide, Phys. Rep. 532, 27 (2013).
- P. W. Cattaneo, G. D. Maso, M. D. Gerone, W. Ootani, A. Oya, A. Papa, F. Renga, and A. Schöning, Future perspectives for searches, arXiv:2504.18831.
- Y. Kuno and Y. Okada, Muon decay and physics beyond the standard model, Rev. Mod. Phys. 73, 151 (2001).
- M. Lindner, M. Platscher, and F. S. Queiroz, A call for new physics: The muon anomalous magnetic moment and lepton flavor violation, Phys. Rep. 731, 1 (2018).