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  • Open Access

Genuine multientropy and holography

Norihiro Iizuka1,2,* and Mitsuhiro Nishida3,†

  • *Contact author: iizuka@phys.nthu.edu.tw
  • †Contact author: mnishida124@gmail.com
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Phys. Rev. D 112, 026011 – Published 7 July, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/714c-byxq

Abstract

Is bipartite entanglement sufficient for holography? Through the analysis of the Markov gap, it is known that the answer is no. In this paper, we give a new perspective on this issue from a different angle using a multientropy. We define a genuine q-partite multientropy from a q-partite multientropy by subtracting appropriate linear combinations of q˜-partite multientropies for q˜<q, in such a way that the genuine q-partite multientropy vanishes for all q˜-partite entangled states. After studying several aspects, we apply it to black holes and holography. For the application to black holes, we see that such a genuine q-partite multientropy is important only after the Page time. For the application to holography, we prove that nonbipartite multientropies are always positive and O(1/GN), as long as boundary subregions are connected. This indicates that for holography, genuine multipartite entanglement is not small and plays an important role.

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Phys. Rev. D 112, 026011– Published 7 July, 2025
  • Received 9 May 2025
  • Accepted 6 June 2025
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