- Open Access
Quasinormal modes of relativistic Fokker-Planck kinetic theory
Phys. Rev. D 114, 014018 – Published 8 July, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/6vfx-8kmm
Abstract
Employing the well-known unitary equivalence between Fokker-Planck operators and Schrödinger Hamiltonians, we compute the quasinormal-mode spectrum of ultrarelativistic kinetic theories with momentum-space diffusion. We show that the collision operator reduces to a Dirac-delta Schrödinger problem in one spatial dimension, and to a Coulomb Schrödinger operator with hydrogenic spectrum in three dimensions. A finite spatial wave number appears as a perturbation of the associated quantum potential. The hydrodynamic mode is found to obey exact Fick-type diffusion at all real wave numbers, whereas relativistic kinematics generically produces a continuous ballistic band in the nonhydrodynamic sector, a feature absent in the Newtonian regime.
Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)
See Also
Diffusion Equation Is Compatible with Special Relativity
Article Text
References (38)
- M. Dudyński, J. Stat. Phys. 57, 199 (1989).
- S. Grozdanov, P. K. Kovtun, A. O. Starinets, and P. Tadić, Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 251601 (2019).
- L. Gavassino, Phys. Rev. D 110, 094012 (2024).
- L. Gavassino, Astrophys. Space Sci. 370, 4 (2025).
- P. K. Kovtun and A. O. Starinets, Phys. Rev. D 72, 086009 (2005).
- G. S. Denicol, J. Noronha, H. Niemi, and D. H. Rischke, Phys. Rev. D 83, 074019 (2011).
- P. Romatschke, Eur. Phys. J. C 76, 352 (2016).
- A. Kurkela and U. A. Wiedemann, Eur. Phys. J. C 79, 776 (2019).
- G. D. Moore, J. High Energy Phys. 05 (2018) 084.
- L. Gavassino, Phys. Rev. Res. 6, L042043 (2024).
- M. Bajec, S. Grozdanov, and A. Soloviev, J. High Energy Phys. 08 (2024) 065.
- R. Brants, Phys. Rev. D 110, 116027 (2024).
- G. S. Rocha, I. Danhoni, K. Ingles, G. S. Denicol, and J. Noronha, Phys. Rev. D 110, 076003 (2024).
- M. Dudyński and M. L. Ekiel-Jezewska, Commun. Math. Phys. 102, 17 (1985).
- L. Gavassino, Phys. Rev. D 111, 103011 (2025).
- A. H. Mueller, Phys. Lett. B 475, 220 (2000).
- J.-P. Blaizot, J. Liao, and L. McLerran, Nucl. Phys. A920, 58 (2013).
- H. Risken, The Fokker–Planck Equation: Methods of Solution and Applications, 2nd ed., Springer Series in Synergetics Vol. 18 (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1996).
- C. Villani, Hypocoercivity, Memoirs of the American Mathematical Society Vol. 202 (American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 2009).
- B. Helffer and F. Nier, Hypoelliptic Estimates and Spectral Theory for Fokker–Planck Operators, Lecture Notes in Mathematics Vol. 1862 (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2005).
- G. A. Pavliotis, Stochastic Processes and Applications: Diffusion Processes, the Fokker–Planck and Langevin Equations, Texts in Applied Mathematics Vol. 60 (Springer, New York, 2014).
- F. Debbasch, K. Mallick, and J.-P. Rivet, J. Stat. Phys. 88, 945 (1997).
- J. Dunkel and P. Hänggi, Phys. Rep. 471, 1 (2009).
- B. U. Felderhof, Phys. Rev. E 86, 061103 (2012).
- L. Pitaevskii and E. Lifshitz, Physical Kinetics (Elsevier Science, New York, 2012), Vol. 10.
- C. Cercignani and G. M. Kremer, The Relativistic Boltzmann Equation: Theory and Applications (Birkhäuser, Basel, 2002).
- L. Gavassino, arXiv:2601.03081.
- L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz, Quantum Mechanics: Non-Relativistic Theory, 2nd ed., Course of Theoretical Physics Vol. 3 (Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1965).
- M. P. Heller, A. Serantes, M. Spaliński, and B. Withers, Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 261601 (2023).
- L. Gavassino, Phys. Lett. B 840, 137854 (2023).
- G. Teschl, Mathematical Methods in Quantum Mechanics With Applications to Schrödinger Operators, Graduate Studies in Mathematics Vol. 99 (American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 2009).
- T. Kato, Prog. Theor. Phys. 4, 514 (1949).
- T. Kato, Perturbation Theory for Linear Operators, Reprint of the 1980th ed., Classics in Mathematics (Springer, New York, 1995).
- L. Gavassino, companion Letter, Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 022302 (2026).
- L. Gavassino, Classical Quantum Gravity 38, 21LT02 (2021).
- L. Landau and E. Lifshitz, Statistical Physics (Elsevier Science, New York, 2013), Vol. 5.
- L. Gavassino, M. Antonelli, and B. Haskell, Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 010606 (2022).
- G. Soares Rocha, L. Gavassino, and N. Mullins, Phys. Rev. D 110, 016020 (2024).