Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Open Access

Notes on off-shell conformal integrals and correlation functions at five points

Chia-Kai Kuo* and Qinglin Yang†

  • *Contact author: chia-kai.kuo@mpp.mpg.de
  • †Contact author: qlyang@mpp.mpg.de

Phys. Rev. D 113, 105022 – Published 26 May, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/61zh-vkhg

Abstract

We study five-point off-shell conformal integrals and the associated half-Bogomol’nyi–Prasad–Sommerfield (BPS) correlation functions at two loops in the ’t Hooft coupling expansion of maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. We construct a basis of uniform-transcendental (UT) pure integrals spanning six distinct topologies by diagonalizing leading singularities subject to conformal invariance. By fixing conformal frames, this basis can be mapped to known two-loop four-mass integral families. We then compute the integrated results by combining canonical differential equations with integration-by-parts reduction. As an application, we present symbol-level integrated results for the two-loop five-point half-BPS correlators, including both maximal and nonmaximal sectors.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (82)

  1. J. M. Maldacena, Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 2, 231 (1998).
  2. J. M. Drummond, J. Henn, G. P. Korchemsky, and E. Sokatchev, Nucl. Phys. B828, 317 (2010).
  3. J. M. Drummond, J. M. Henn, and J. Plefka, J. High Energy Phys. 05 (2009) 046.
  4. L. F. Alday, B. Eden, G. P. Korchemsky, J. Maldacena, and E. Sokatchev, J. High Energy Phys. 09 (2011) 123.
  5. B. Eden, G. P. Korchemsky, and E. Sokatchev, J. High Energy Phys. 12 (2011) 002.
  6. B. Eden, G. P. Korchemsky, and E. Sokatchev, Phys. Lett. B 709, 247 (2012).
  7. B. Eden, P. Heslop, G. P. Korchemsky, and E. Sokatchev, Nucl. Phys. B869, 329 (2013).
  8. B. Eden, P. Heslop, G. P. Korchemsky, and E. Sokatchev, Nucl. Phys. B869, 378 (2013).
  9. N. Arkani-Hamed, L. J. Dixon, A. J. McLeod, M. Spradlin, J. Trnka, and A. Volovich, arXiv:2207.10636.
  10. J. M. Henn, Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 71, 87 (2021).
  11. P. Heslop, J. Phys. A 55, 443009 (2022).
  12. K. A. Intriligator, Nucl. Phys. B551, 575 (1999).
  13. V. Gonçalves, J. High Energy Phys. 04 (2015) 150.
  14. V. Gonçalves, R. Pereira, and X. Zhou, J. High Energy Phys. 10 (2019) 247.
  15. L. F. Alday and T. Hansen, J. High Energy Phys. 10 (2023) 023.
  16. V. Goncalves, M. Nocchi, and X. Zhou, J. High Energy Phys. 06 (2025) 173.
  17. B. Fernandes, V. Goncalves, Z. Huang, Y. Tang, J. Vilas Boas, and E. Y. Yuan, Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 081602 (2026).
  18. F. Coronado, J. High Energy Phys. 01 (2019) 056.
  19. F. Coronado, Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 171601 (2020).
  20. I. Kostov, V. B. Petkova, and D. Serban, Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 231601 (2019).
  21. I. Kostov, V. B. Petkova, and D. Serban, J. High Energy Phys. 11 (2019) 178.
  22. T. Fleury and V. Goncalves, J. High Energy Phys. 07 (2020) 030.
  23. A. V. Belitsky and G. P. Korchemsky, J. High Energy Phys. 05 (2020) 070.
  24. A. V. Belitsky and G. P. Korchemsky, J. High Energy Phys. 07 (2020) 219.
  25. T. Bargheer, A. Bekov, C. Bercini, and F. Coronado, arXiv:2512.19780.
  26. B. Basso, S. Komatsu, and P. Vieira, arXiv:1505.06745.
  27. B. Eden and A. Sfondrini, J. High Energy Phys. 10 (2017) 098.
  28. T. Fleury and S. Komatsu, J. High Energy Phys. 01 (2017) 130.
  29. T. Fleury and S. Komatsu, J. High Energy Phys. 02 (2018) 177.
  30. B. Eden, P. Heslop, G. P. Korchemsky, and E. Sokatchev, Nucl. Phys. B862, 193 (2012).
  31. B. Eden, P. Heslop, G. P. Korchemsky, and E. Sokatchev, Nucl. Phys. B862, 450 (2012).
  32. J. L. Bourjaily, P. Heslop, and V.-V. Tran, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 191602 (2016).
  33. J. L. Bourjaily, P. Heslop, and V.-V. Tran, J. High Energy Phys. 11 (2016) 125.
  34. S. He, C. Shi, Y. Tang, and Y.-Q. Zhang, J. High Energy Phys. 03 (2025) 192.
  35. J. L. Bourjaily, S. He, C. Shi, and Y. Tang, Phys. Rev. D 112, 126029 (2025).
  36. N. Arkani-Hamed, Y. Bai, and T. Lam, J. High Energy Phys. 11 (2017) 039.
  37. E. Herrmann and J. Trnka, J. Phys. A 55, 443008 (2022).
  38. N. Arkani-Hamed and J. Trnka, J. High Energy Phys. 10 (2014) 030.
  39. N. Arkani-Hamed and J. Trnka, J. High Energy Phys. 12 (2014) 182.
  40. S. He, C.-K. Kuo, Z. Li, and Y.-Q. Zhang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 221604 (2022).
  41. S. He, Y.-t. Huang, and C.-K. Kuo, J. High Energy Phys. 09 (2023) 165; 04 (2024) 064(E).
  42. B. Eden, P. Heslop, and L. Mason, J. High Energy Phys. 09 (2017) 156.
  43. S. He, Y. T. Huang, and C.-K. Kuo, Phys. Rev. D 110, L081701 (2024).
  44. S. He, Y.-t. Huang, and C.-K. Kuo, J. High Energy Phys. 03 (2026) 071.
  45. D. Chicherin, R. Doobary, B. Eden, P. Heslop, G. P. Korchemsky, L. Mason, and E. Sokatchev, J. High Energy Phys. 06 (2015) 198.
  46. T. Bargheer, T. Fleury, and V. Gonçalves, SciPost Phys. 15, 059 (2023).
  47. T. Bargheer, A. Bekov, C. Bercini, and F. Coronado, J. High Energy Phys. 02 (2026) 161.
  48. F. Gonzalez-Rey, I. Y. Park, and K. Schalm, Phys. Lett. B 448, 37 (1999).
  49. M. Bianchi, S. Kovacs, G. Rossi, and Y. S. Stanev, Nucl. Phys. B584, 216 (2000).
  50. N. Drukker and J. Plefka, J. High Energy Phys. 04 (2009) 001.
  51. J. Drummond, C. Duhr, B. Eden, P. Heslop, J. Pennington, and V. A. Smirnov, J. High Energy Phys. 08 (2013) 133.
  52. D. Chicherin, A. Georgoudis, V. Gonçalves, and R. Pereira, J. High Energy Phys. 11 (2018) 069.
  53. B. Basso and L. J. Dixon, Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 071601 (2017).
  54. C. Bercini, B. Fernandes, and V. Gonçalves, J. High Energy Phys. 10 (2024) 242.
  55. S. He, X. Jiang, J. Liu, and Y.-Q. Zhang, Phys. Rev. D 112, 076012 (2025).
  56. S. He and X. Jiang, J. High Energy Phys. 01 (2026) 088.
  57. L. V. Bork, R. N. Lee, and A. I. Onishchenko, J. High Energy Phys. 12 (2025) 107.
  58. N. Arkani-Hamed, J. L. Bourjaily, F. Cachazo, and J. Trnka, J. High Energy Phys. 06 (2012) 125.
  59. S. He, Z. Li, R. Ma, Z. Wu, Q. Yang, and Y. Zhang, J. High Energy Phys. 10 (2022) 165.
  60. J. M. Henn, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 251601 (2013).
  61. J. M. Henn, J. Phys. A 48, 153001 (2015).
  62. A. B. Goncharov, M. Spradlin, C. Vergu, and A. Volovich, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 151605 (2010).
  63. C. Duhr, H. Gangl, and J. R. Rhodes, J. High Energy Phys. 10 (2012) 075.
  64. The integrand is represented by using its dual graph, where position-space points correspond to regions of the graph, and edges connecting adjacent regions represent propagators.

  65. J. L. Bourjaily, E. Herrmann, and J. Trnka, J. High Energy Phys. 06 (2017) 059.
  66. Having seven propagators, its maximal cut is called composite [58], and denoted by double lines in (7).

  67. We omit the possible iπ2 factors in the measure d4xa of integrals since they are not important for our discussion.

  68. N. I. Usyukina and A. I. Davydychev, Phys. Lett. B 305, 136 (1993).
  69. K.-T. Chen, Bull. Am. Math. Soc. 83, 831 (1977).
  70. Note that the class of d log-iterative integrals is strictly larger than the class of MPL functions.

  71. P. Maierhöfer, J. Usovitsch, and P. Uwer, Comput. Phys. Commun. 230, 99 (2018).
  72. C.-K. Kuo and Q. Yang, Ancillary files for “Notes on off-shell conformal integrals and correlation functions at five points”, arXiv, 2025, https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2512.21947.
  73. R. Morales, A. Spiering, M. Wilhelm, Q. Yang, and C. Zhang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 041601 (2023).
  74. A. Spiering, M. Wilhelm, and C. Zhang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 071602 (2025).
  75. S. Caron-Huot and A.-K. Trinh, J. High Energy Phys. 01 (2019) 196.
  76. F. Aprile, J. M. Drummond, H. Paul, and M. Santagata, J. High Energy Phys. 11 (2021) 109.
  77. S. Caron-Huot and F. Coronado, J. High Energy Phys. 03 (2022) 151.
  78. S. Caron-Huot, F. Coronado, and B. Mühlmann, J. High Energy Phys. 08 (2023) 008.
  79. Z. Huang, B. Wang, E. Y. Yuan, and J. Zhang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 161601 (2025).
  80. A. V. Belitsky, S. Hohenegger, G. P. Korchemsky, E. Sokatchev, and A. Zhiboedov, Nucl. Phys. B884, 206 (2014).
  81. A. V. Belitsky, S. Hohenegger, G. P. Korchemsky, E. Sokatchev, and A. Zhiboedov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 071601 (2014).
  82. A. V. Belitsky, S. Hohenegger, G. P. Korchemsky, E. Sokatchev, and A. Zhiboedov, Nucl. Phys. B884, 305 (2014).

Outline

Information

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation