- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine

Physical Review D

Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Open Access

Rotating synchrotron radiation: Photon emission from magnetized and rotating quark-gluon plasma

Matteo Buzzegoli1,*, Sergiu Busuioc1,†, Jonathan D. Kroth2, Nandagopal Vijayakumar2, and Kirill Tuchin2

  • *Contact author: matteo.buzzegoli@e-uvt.ro
  • †Contact author: sergiu.busuioc@e-uvt.ro
PDF

Phys. Rev. D 113, 116014 – Published 8 June, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/5d5w-9338

Abstract

This paper investigates the production of nonprompt photons originating from rotating synchrotron radiation (RoSyRa), specifically the emission of photons by a rigidly rotating quark-gluon plasma in thermal equilibrium, in the presence of an external magnetic field. We compute the nonprompt photon spectrum and its elliptic flow (v2) at midrapidity. In particular, we investigate the finite-volume effects. We find that at low transverse momentum, the magnetic field induces a significant v2, while the plasma rotation boosts the synchrotron radiation of negatively charged quarks. These findings make RoSyRa a viable candidate mechanism to resolve the “direct photon puzzle.”

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (68)

  1. A. Bazavov et al., Phys. Rev. D 85, 054503 (2012).
  2. S. Borsanyi, Z. Fodor, C. Hoelbling, S. D. Katz, S. Krieg, and K. K. Szabo, Phys. Lett. B 730, 99 (2014).
  3. I. Arsene et al. (BRAHMS Collaboration), Nucl. Phys. A757, 1 (2005).
  4. K. Adcox et al. (PHENIX Collaboration), Nucl. Phys. A757, 184 (2005).
  5. J. Adams et al. (STAR Collaboration), Nucl. Phys. A757, 102 (2005).
  6. E. V. Shuryak, Phys. Lett. 78B, 150 (1978).
  7. G. David, Rep. Prog. Phys. 83, 046301 (2020).
  8. C. Gale, J.-F. Paquet, B. Schenke, and C. Shen, Phys. Rev. C 105, 014909 (2022).
  9. J.-F. Paquet, C. Shen, G. S. Denicol, M. Luzum, B. Schenke, S. Jeon, and C. Gale, Phys. Rev. C 93, 044906 (2016).
  10. L. McLerran and T. Toimela, Phys. Rev. D 31, 545 (1985).
  11. J. I. Kapusta, P. Lichard, and D. Seibert, Phys. Rev. D 44, 2774 (1991).
  12. D. K. Srivastava and B. Sinha, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 2421 (1994).
  13. S. Turbide, R. Rapp, and C. Gale, Phys. Rev. C 69, 014903 (2004).
  14. R. Chatterjee, E. S. Frodermann, U. Heinz, and D. K. Srivastava, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 202302 (2006).
  15. C. Shen, U. W. Heinz, J.-F. Paquet, and C. Gale, Phys. Rev. C 89, 044910 (2014).
  16. A. Adare et al. (PHENIX Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C 91, 064904 (2015).
  17. N. J. Abdulameer et al. (PHENIX Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C 109, 044912 (2024).
  18. A. Adare et al. (PHENIX Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 122302 (2012).
  19. A. Adare et al. (PHENIX Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C 94, 064901 (2016).
  20. A. Adare et al. (PHENIX Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C 93, 051902 (2016).
  21. C. Shen, U. W. Heinz, J.-F. Paquet, I. Kozlov, and C. Gale, Phys. Rev. C 91, 024908 (2015).
  22. R. Chatterjee, H. Holopainen, I. Helenius, T. Renk, and K. J. Eskola, Phys. Rev. C 88, 034901 (2013).
  23. H. van Hees, C. Gale, and R. Rapp, Phys. Rev. C 84, 054906 (2011).
  24. M. Dion, J.-F. Paquet, B. Schenke, C. Young, S. Jeon, and C. Gale, Phys. Rev. C 84, 064901 (2011).
  25. O. Linnyk, W. Cassing, and E. L. Bratkovskaya, Phys. Rev. C 89, 034908 (2014).
  26. A. Monnai, Phys. Rev. C 90, 021901 (2014).
  27. S. Acharya et al. (ALICE Collaboration), Phys. Lett. B 789, 308 (2019).
  28. V. Skokov, A. Y. Illarionov, and V. Toneev, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 24, 5925 (2009).
  29. W.-T. Deng and X.-G. Huang, Phys. Rev. C 85, 044907 (2012).
  30. G. Basar, D. Kharzeev, and V. Skokov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 202303 (2012).
  31. B. Muller, S.-Y. Wu, and D.-L. Yang, Phys. Rev. D 89, 026013 (2014).
  32. K. Tuchin, Phys. Rev. C 87, 024912 (2013).
  33. K. Tuchin, Phys. Rev. C 91, 014902 (2015).
  34. H.-U. Yee, Phys. Rev. D 88, 026001 (2013).
  35. X. Wang, I. A. Shovkovy, L. Yu, and M. Huang, Phys. Rev. D 102, 076010 (2020).
  36. J. Sun and L. Yan, Nucl. Phys. Rev. 41, 558 (2024).
  37. K. Tuchin, Phys. Rev. C 88, 024911 (2013).
  38. J. Bloczynski, X.-G. Huang, X. Zhang, and J. Liao, Phys. Lett. B 718, 1529 (2013).
  39. B. G. Zakharov, Eur. Phys. J. C 76, 609 (2016).
  40. B. G. Zakharov, JETP Lett. 104, 213 (2016).
  41. J.-A. Sun and L. Yan, Phys. Lett. B 858, 139046 (2024).
  42. X. Wang and I. A. Shovkovy, Phys. Rev. D 110, 116005 (2024).
  43. J. D. Kroth and K. Tuchin, arXiv:2602.02746.
  44. L. Adamczyk et al. (STAR Collaboration), Nature (London) 548, 62 (2017).
  45. J. Adam et al. (STAR Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C 98, 014910 (2018).
  46. S. Acharya et al. (ALICE Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 012301 (2020).
  47. F. Becattini, M. Buzzegoli, T. Niida, S. Pu, A.-H. Tang, and Q. Wang, Int. J. Mod. Phys. E 33, 2430006 (2024).
  48. T. Niida and S. A. Voloshin, Int. J. Mod. Phys. E 33, 2430010 (2024).
  49. M. Buzzegoli, J. D. Kroth, K. Tuchin, and N. Vijayakumar, Phys. Rev. D 108, 096014 (2023).
  50. A. A. Sokolov and I. M. Ternov, Radiation from Relativistic Electrons, edited by C. W. Kilmister (American Institute of Physics, New York, 1986), https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1971712334807965332.
  51. V. A. Bordovitsyn, Synchrotron Radiation Theory and Its Development (World Scientific, Singapore, 1999), 10.1142/3492.
  52. J. D. Castaño-Yepes and E. Muñoz, arXiv:2509.18219.
  53. M. Buzzegoli, J. D. Kroth, K. Tuchin, and N. Vijayakumar, Phys. Rev. D 107, L051901 (2023).
  54. M. Buzzegoli and K. Tuchin, J. High Energy Phys. 12 (2023) 113.
  55. M. Buzzegoli and K. Tuchin, Phys. Rev. D 110, 076013 (2024).
  56. M. Buzzegoli, K. Tuchin, and N. Vijayakumar, Phys. Rev. C 111, 054907 (2025).
  57. J. D. Kroth and K. Tuchin, Phys. Rev. D 111, 056004 (2025).
  58. X. Wang and I. Shovkovy, Phys. Rev. D 104, 056017 (2021).
  59. P. B. Arnold, G. D. Moore, and L. G. Yaffe, J. High Energy Phys. 12 (2001) 009.
  60. K. Kajantie, J. I. Kapusta, L. D. McLerran, and A. Mekjian, Phys. Rev. D 34, 2746 (1986).
  61. H.-L. Chen, K. Fukushima, X.-G. Huang, and K. Mameda, Phys. Rev. D 93, 104052 (2016).
  62. X. Wang and I. Shovkovy, Eur. Phys. J. C 81, 901 (2021).
  63. X. Wang and I. A. Shovkovy, Phys. Rev. D 109, 056008 (2024).
  64. L. Fousse, G. Hanrot, V. Lefèvre, P. Pélissier, and P. Zimmermann, ACM Trans. Math. Softw. 33, 13 (2007).
  65. S. A. Voloshin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 172301 (2010).
  66. M. Abdallah et al. (STAR Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C 105, 014901 (2022).
  67. C. Li, J. Zhou, and Y.-J. Zhou, Phys. Lett. B 795, 576 (2019).
  68. M. Buzzegoli, S. Busuioc, J. D. Kroth, N. Vijayakumar, and K. Tuchin, arXiv:2602.13044.

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. D 113, 116014– Published 8 June, 2026
  • Received 23 February 2026
  • Accepted 7 May 2026
Crossmark - Check for updates button
Creative Commons Logo

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.

Published by the American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation