- Open Access
Dynamical generation of charmoniumlike tetraquarks in an off-shell coupled-channel formalism
Phys. Rev. D 114, 054053 – Published 28 September, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/3k6p-qxd3
Abstract
We investigate the dynamical generation of isoscalar charmoniumlike states with quantum numbers , and in the mass range of 3.6 to 4.3 GeV. We employ the off-shell coupled-channel formalism, constructing kernel amplitudes from effective Lagrangians that respect heavy-quark spin-flavor and chiral symmetries. To focus solely on dynamically generated states, we explicitly exclude -channel pole diagrams and include only - and -channel meson exchanges. Solving the integral equations, we identify six poles in the complex energy plane. In the scalar () sector, we find a bound state below the threshold and a resonance at . For the axial-vector () sector, the experimentally observed is reproduced as a bound state near the threshold, alongside a broader resonance at , which is a plausible candidate for the . Furthermore, we find a narrow tensor () pole at and a -like () pole at . The present results demonstrate that coupled-channel dynamics, particularly involving the channel, play a crucial role in the formation of these charmoniumlike exotic states.
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