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Universal two-zero texture in SO(10): Implications of JUNO observations and realization from noninvertible symmetries

Zi-Qiang Chen1,2,3,*, Wen-Hao Jiang1,2,3,†, and Ye-Ling Zhou1,‡

  • *Contact author: chenziqiang22@mails.ucas.ac.cn
  • †Contact author: jiangwenhao25@mails.ucas.ac.cn
  • ‡Contact author: zhouyeling@ucas.ac.cn
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Phys. Rev. D 114, 055035 – Published 21 September, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/3j92-vkm7

Abstract

We apply the universal two-zero texture (UTZT) to all quark and lepton mass matrices in the SO(10) grand unified framework. With charged fermion masses fixed at their best-fit values, this texture contains only seven free parameters to account for nine flavor observables, rendering it highly predictive. Motivated by the recent JUNO indication in favor of the normal ordering of light neutrino masses, we perform an updated analysis of the UTZT in SO(10). The texture remains fully compatible with all current flavor data. The Dirac phase is predicted mainly in two regions, one of which matches very well with current data. A meV-scale mββ is predicted, beyond the sensitivity bound of future neutrinoless double beta decay measurements. We further explore the origin of the UTZT from noninvertible symmetries, without introducing additional low-energy degrees of freedom. We show that the UTZT can be realized through noninvertible selection rules arising from the Z3 gauging of ZN, with a minimal realization corresponding to N=7.

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Phys. Rev. D 114, 055035– Published 21 September, 2026
  • Received 8 July 2026
  • Accepted 21 August 2026
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