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Random disks of constant curvature: The lattice story

Frank Ferrari*

  • *Contact author: frank.ferrari@ulb.be
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Phys. Rev. D 113, 026012 – Published 20 January, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/3gb4-y8r8

Abstract

We lay the groundwork for a UV-complete formulation of the Euclidean Jackiw-Teitelboim two-dimensional models of quantum gravity when the boundary lengths are finite, emphasizing the discretized approach. The picture that emerges is qualitatively new. For the disk topology, the problem reduces to counting so-called self-overlapping curves, that are closed loops that bound a distorted disk, with an appropriate multiplicity. We build a matrix model that does the correct counting. The theories in negative, zero, and positive curvatures have the same UV description but drastically different macroscopic properties. The Schwarzian theory emerges in the limit of very large and negative cosmological constant in the negative curvature model, as an effective theory valid on distance scales much larger than the curvature length scale. In positive curvature, we argue that large geometries are ubiquitous and that the theory exists only for a positive cosmological constant. Our discussion is pedagogical and includes a review of several relevant topics.

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Phys. Rev. D 113, 026012– Published 20 January, 2026
  • Received 4 July 2024
  • Accepted 9 November 2025
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