- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine

Physical Review D

Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Letter
  • Open Access

Study of the γγ→τ+τ− process including τ+τ− spin information in Pb-Pb ultraperipheral collisions and at a lepton collider

Peng-Cheng Lu*, Zong-Guo Si†, Han Zhang‡, and Xin-Yi Zhang§

  • *Contact author: pclu@sdu.edu.cn
  • †Contact author: zgsi@sdu.edu.cn
  • ‡Contact author: han.zhang@mail.sdu.edu.cn
  • §Contact author: xinyizhang@mail.sdu.edu.cn
PDF

Phys. Rev. D 113, L031902 – Published 23 February, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/2g5j-k778

Abstract

We study the γγ→τ+τ− process including full τ+τ− spin information in Pb-Pb ultraperipheral collisions and at lepton colliders. We present the predictions for the corresponding cross sections and spin correlations at next-to-leading order (NLO) electroweak precision, and find that the NLO electroweak contributions are numerically small for the observables considered. Additionally, we use the spin correlations obtained in this paper to analyze the quantum entanglement in the τ+τ− system of the γγ→τ+τ− process. Our results show that there is a genuine entangled configuration near the τ+τ− invariant mass threshold. This work is helpful for studying the τ-pair production induced by photon-photon collision at high-energy colliders.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (59)

  1. https://pdg.lbl.gov/2024/reviews/contents_sports.html.
  2. S. Schael et al. (ALEPH Collaboration), Phys. Rep. 421, 191 (2005).
  3. S. Navas et al. (Particle Data Group Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 110, 030001 (2024).
  4. A. Heister et al. (ALEPH Collaboration), Eur. Phys. J. C 20, 401 (2001).
  5. J. Abdallah et al. (DELPHI Collaboration), Eur. Phys. J. C 36, 283 (2004).
  6. K. Abe et al. (Belle Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 011801 (2007).
  7. J. Y. Zhang (BESIII Collaboration), SciPost Phys. Proc. 1, 004 (2019).
  8. M. Aaboud et al. (ATLAS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 99, 072001 (2019).
  9. A. Hayrapetyan et al. (CMS Collaboration), Rep. Prog. Phys. 87, 107801 (2024).
  10. G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collaboration), Eur. Phys. J. C 83, 563 (2023).
  11. G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 151802 (2023).
  12. A. Tumasyan et al. (CMS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 151803 (2023).
  13. J. H. Kuhn and A. Santamaria, Z. Phys. C 48, 445 (1990).
  14. K. Cheng, T. Han, and M. Low, Phys. Lett. B 868, 139675 (2025).
  15. J. Bernabeu, G. A. Gonzalez-Sprinberg, J. Papavassiliou, and J. Vidal, Nucl. Phys. B790, 160 (2008).
  16. X. Chen and Y. Wu, J. High Energy Phys. 10 (2019) 089.
  17. S. Bar-Shalom, G. Eilam, and A. Soni, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 4629 (1998).
  18. B. K. Bullock, K. Hagiwara, and A. D. Martin, Nucl. Phys. B395, 499 (1993).
  19. D. Bodrov, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 39, 2442006 (2024).
  20. P.-C. Lu, Z.-G. Si, and H. Zhang, Phys. Rev. D 112, 075039 (2025).
  21. T. Han, M. Low, and Y. Su, arXiv:2501.04801.
  22. X. Sun, Y. Wu, and X. Zhou, Chin. Phys. 49, 113001 (2025).
  23. J. F. Clauser, M. A. Horne, A. Shimony, and R. A. Holt, Phys. Rev. Lett. 23, 880 (1969).
  24. W. K. Wootters, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 2245 (1998).
  25. G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collaboration), Nature (London) 633, 542 (2024).
  26. A. Hayrapetyan et al. (CMS Collaboration), Rep. Prog. Phys. 87, 117801 (2024).
  27. R. Ashby-Pickering, A. J. Barr, and A. Wierzchucka, J. High Energy Phys. 05 (2023) 020.
  28. Y. Wu, R. Jiang, A. Ruzi, Y. Ban, X. Yan, and Q. Li, Phys. Rev. D 111, 036008 (2025).
  29. T. Han, M. Low, and Y. Su, J. High Energy Phys. 10 (2025) 217.
  30. M. Fabbrichesi and L. Marzola, Phys. Rev. D 110, 076004 (2024).
  31. K. Ehatäht, M. Fabbrichesi, L. Marzola, and C. Veelken, Phys. Rev. D 109, 032005 (2024).
  32. Y. Zhang, B.-H. Zhou, Q.-B. Liu, S. Li, S.-C. Hsu, T. Han, M. Low, and T. A. Wu, arXiv:2504.01496.
  33. C. F. von Weizsacker, Z. Phys. 88, 612 (1934).
  34. E. J. Williams, Phys. Rev. 45, 729 (1934).
  35. M. Dyndal (ALICE, ATLAS, CMS, LHCb, MoEDAL Collaborations), Proc. Sci., LHCP2022 (2023) 215.
  36. S. Frixione, M. L. Mangano, P. Nason, and G. Ridolfi, Phys. Lett. B 319, 339 (1993).
  37. M. Dong et al. (CEPC Study Group Collaboration), arXiv:1811.10545.
  38. J. de Blas et al. (CLIC Collaboration), CERN Yellow Rep. Monogr. 3, 1 (2018).
  39. J. P. Delahaye, M. Diemoz, K. Long, B. Mansoulié, N. Pastrone, L. Rivkin, D. Schulte, A. Skrinsky, and A. Wulzer, arXiv:1901.06150.
  40. N. Bartosik et al. (Muon Collider Collaboration), arXiv:2203.07964.
  41. H.-S. Shao and D. d’Enterria, J. High Energy Phys. 02 (2025) 023.
  42. J. Jiang, P.-C. Lu, Z.-G. Si, H. Zhang, and X.-Y. Zhang, Phys. Rev. D 111, 036023 (2025).
  43. H.-S. Shao and L. Simon, J. High Energy Phys. 07 (2025) 020.
  44. S. Dittmaier, T. Engel, J. L. H. Ariza, and M. Pellen, J. High Energy Phys. 08 (2025) 051.
  45. A. A. Billur and M. Koksal, Phys. Rev. D 89, 037301 (2014).
  46. A. Rajaraman, J. N. Howard, R. Riley, and T. M. P. Tait, Lett. High Energy Phys. 2, 5 (2019).
  47. M. Köksal, J. Phys. G 46, 065003 (2019).
  48. Z. Wang, Proc. Sci., ICHEP2024 (2025) 327 [arXiv:2410.12663].
  49. W. Bernreuther, D. Heisler, and Z.-G. Si, J. High Energy Phys. 12 (2015) 026.
  50. R. N. Cahn and J. D. Jackson, Phys. Rev. D 42, 3690 (1990).
  51. H.-S. Shao and D. d’Enterria, J. High Energy Phys. 09 (2022) 248.
  52. J. D. Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics (Wiley, New York, 1998).
  53. G. Baur, K. Hencken, D. Trautmann, S. Sadovsky, and Y. Kharlov, Phys. Rep. 364, 359 (2002).
  54. V. M. Budnev, I. F. Ginzburg, G. V. Meledin, and V. G. Serbo, Phys. Rep. 15, 181 (1975).
  55. M. Klasen, B. A. Kniehl, L. N. Mihaila, and M. Steinhauser, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 032001 (2002).
  56. W. Bernreuther, A. Brandenburg, Z. G. Si, and P. Uwer, Nucl. Phys. B690, 81 (2004).
  57. W. Bernreuther, A. Brandenburg, Z. G. Si, and P. Uwer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 242002 (2001).
  58. R. Bruce et al., J. Phys. G 47, 060501 (2020).
  59. D. d’Enterria et al., J. Phys. G 50, 050501 (2023).

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. D 113, L031902– Published 23 February, 2026
  • Received 30 November 2025
  • Accepted 14 January 2026
Crossmark - Check for updates button
Creative Commons Logo

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.

Published by the American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation