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Probing scalar-mediated sterile neutrinos with gravitational wave and colliders signals

Qi Bi1,*, Jinhui Guo1,†, Jian Liao2,‡, Jia Liu2,3,§, and Xiao-Ping Wang1,∥

  • *Contact author: biqii@buaa.edu.cn
  • †Contact author: guojh23@buaa.edu.cn
  • ‡Contact author: liaoj35@stu.pku.edu.cn
  • §Contact author: jialiu@pku.edu.cn
  • ∥Contact author: hcwangxiaoping@buaa.edu.cn
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Phys. Rev. D 113, 095006 – Published 4 May, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/29kg-f6jb

Abstract

We propose a UV-complete extension of the Standard Model in which a gauge-singlet scalar S acquires a vacuum expectation value, generates a Majorana mass for a sterile neutrino N, and mixes with the Higgs field. This framework addresses neutrino masses via a seesaw mechanism and, for sufficiently large scalar mixing, can also drive a strong first-order electroweak phase transition, producing gravitational-wave (GW) signals potentially detectable by GW observatories. The Higgs–S mixing also enhances sterile-neutrino pair production at colliders through s-channel exchange of the Higgs and S. Owing to the small active–sterile mixing angle, N is generically long-lived, yielding characteristic displaced-vertex signatures. The combination of GW observations and displaced-vertex searches at colliders provides complementary cross-checks of the model parameter space.

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Phys. Rev. D 113, 095006– Published 4 May, 2026
  • Received 29 September 2025
  • Accepted 30 March 2026
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