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Multimodal fragmentation of all-heavy pentaquarks: Uncertainty-aware predictions for hadron colliders

Francesco Giovanni Celiberto*

  • *Contact author: francesco.celiberto@uah.es
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Phys. Rev. D 114, 014009 – Published 6 July, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/1sd3-zwsf

Abstract

We present an uncertainty-aware description of leading-power fragmentation for all-charm pentaquark states (S-wave |ccccc¯⟩) at hadron colliders. We construct a multimodal set of collinear fragmentation functions, PQ5Q1.1, incorporating both perturbative and nonperturbative uncertainties. Perturbative effects are estimated via missing higher-order variations, while the nonperturbative wave function is modeled through controlled modifications of its transverse-momentum structure, consistently combined within a replicalike framework. The initial-scale input for constituent charm fragmentation is refined to describe both compact multiquark and diquark-driven production mechanisms. We employ the (sym) jethad interface to study NLL/NLO+ (next-to-leading logarithmic/next-to-leading order) semi-inclusive pentaquark-plus-jet production at the HL-LHC and future Future Circular Collider. The bottom sector is left to future dedicated studies due to its enhanced sensitivity to nonperturbative modeling. Our results provide a flexible framework for uncertainty-controlled predictions, bridging exotic-hadron structure, heavy-flavor fragmentation, and high-energy QCD.

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Phys. Rev. D 114, 014009– Published 6 July, 2026
  • Received 5 May 2026
  • Accepted 15 June 2026
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