In this paper we consider the contribution of the anomalous magnetic moments of protons and neutrons to the nuclear charge density. We show that the spin-orbit contribution to the mean-square charge radius, which has been neglected in recent nuclear calculations, can be important in light halonuclei. We estimate the size of the effect in helium, lithium, and beryllium nuclei. It is found that the spin-orbit contribution represents a $~2\%$ correction to the charge density at the center of the ${}^7\mathrm{Be}$ nucleus. We derive a simple expression for the correction to the mean-square charge radius due to the spin-orbit term and find that in light halonuclei it may be larger than the Darwin-Foldy term and comparable to finite size corrections. A comparison of experimental and theoretical mean-square radii including the spin-orbit contribution is presented.

Shape evolutions in the neutron-rich Ru isotopes were investigated using the cranked shell model and an excellent agreement was obtained in comparison with the experimental data. These results show that the cranked shell model with nonaxial deformed Woods-Saxon potential can provide a good description of the shape evolution in the neutron-rich Ru isotopes in terms of not only neutron number but also angular momentum.

The drag and diffusion coefficients of charm and bottom quarks propagating through quark gluon plasma (QGP) have been evaluated for conditions relevant to nuclear collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The dead cone and Landau-Pomeronchuk-Migdal (LPM) effects on radiative energy loss of heavy quarks have been considered. Both radiative and collisional processes of energy loss are included in the effective drag and diffusion coefficients. With these effective transport coefficients, we solve the Fokker-Plank (FP) equation for the heavy quarks executing Brownian motion in the QGP. The solution of the FP equation has been used to evaluate the nuclear suppression factor, $R_{\mathrm{AA}},$ for the nonphotonic single-electron spectra resulting from the semileptonic decays of hadrons containing charm and bottom quarks. The effects of mass on $R_{\mathrm{AA}}$ have also been highlighted.

The off-shell behavior of the nucleon self-energy in isospin-asymmetric nuclear matter is investigated within the framework of the relativistic Dirac-Brueckner-Hartree-Fock approach based on projection techniques. The dependence of the Dirac components of the self-energy on momentum as well as energy is evaluated for symmetric as well as asymmetric nuclear matter. Special attention is paid to the various contributions to the momentum dependence of the real and imaginary part of the optical potential. The consequences to the different definitions of the effective nucleon mass and particle spectral functions are discussed.

We investigate the form of the viscous correction to the equilibrium distribution function in the context of a Cooper-Frye freeze-out prescription for viscous hydrodynamic simulations of relativistic heavy ion collisions. The standard quadratic ansatz used by all groups for the case of shear viscosity is found to be disfavored by experimental data for $v_4/(v_2){}^2$ at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and is unlikely to be correct for the hadron resonance gas present at freeze-out. Instead, data for $v_2(p_t)$ along with $v_4/(v_2){}^2$ favor a momentum dependence between linear and quadratic.

One of the fundamental objectives of experiments with ultrarelativistic heavy ions is to explore strongly interacting matter at high baryon density and high temperature. In this investigation we apply a hadronic transport approach to study in particular the information that can be obtained by analyzing baryonic and mesonic resonances. The decay products of these resonances carry information on the resonances properties at the space-time point of their decay. We especially investigate the percentage of reconstructable resonances as a function of baryon density for heavy-ion collisions in the energy range between $E_{\mathrm{lab}}=30$ A GeV and $\sqrt{s}=200$ A GeV, the energy domain between the future GSI Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research and the present BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. It is shown that a transverse-momentum-dependent analysis of resonances might be beneficial for investigating the high-baryon-density phase of heavy-ion collisions.

An ultraviolet cutoff dependent on the chemical potential as proposed by Casalbuoni et al. is used in the SU(3) Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model. The model is applied to the description of stellar quark matter and compact stars. It is shown that with a new cutoff parametrization it is possible to obtain stable hybrid stars with a quark core. A larger cutoff at finite densities leads to a partial chiral symmetry restoration of quark $s$ at lower densities. A direct consequence is the onset of the $s$ quark in stellar matter at lower densities and a softening of the equation of state.

The emission of scission neutrons is studied in the frame of the sudden approximation, i.e., under the assumption that fission motion is adiabatic until the neck ruptures at finite radius and that this rupture is followed by a sudden absorbtion of the neck pieces by the fragments. We are therefore dealing with a transition between two different nuclear configurations (${\epsilon }_i\to {\epsilon }_f$) and we only need to know the corresponding two sets of neutron eigenstates. The accent in the present work is put on the dependence on the mass asymetry $A_L/A_H$ of the primary fission fragments during the thermal neutron fission of ${}^{235}\mathrm{U}$. At ${\epsilon }_i$, i.e., just before scission, the neutrons are considered both independent and pairing correlated. We estimate the scission neutron multiplicity ${\nu }_{\mathrm{sc}}$, the spatial distribution of the emission points $S_{\mathrm{em}}(\rho ,z)$ and the primary fragments’ excitation energy $E_{\mathrm{sc}}^{*}$. ${\nu }_{\mathrm{sc}}$ is found to depend only slightly on $A_L$. The multiplicity has an average value of 0.76 (which represents one third of the prompt neutron multiplicity) with a maximum deviation from this value of less than 0.1. $S_{\mathrm{em}}(\rho ,z)$ is mainly concentrated in the region between the fragments giving a useful detail of the emission mechanism. $E_{\mathrm{sc}}^{*}$ together with the extradeformation energy is used to evaporate neutrons and emit $\gamma$ rays from fully accelerated fragments.

The properties of the ground-state $U$ spin $=\frac{3}{2}$ baryon decuplet magnetic moments ${\Delta }^{-}$, ${\Xi }^{*-}$, ${\Sigma }^{*-}$, and ${\Omega }^{-}$ and their ground-state spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ cousins $p$, $n$, $\Lambda$, ${\Sigma }^{+}$, ${\Sigma }^0$, ${\Sigma }^{-}$, ${\Xi }^{+}$, and ${\Xi }^{-}$ have been studied for many years with a modicum of success. The magnetic moments of many are yet to be determined. Of the decuplet baryons, only the magnetic moment of the ${\Omega }^{-}$ has been accurately determined. We calculate the magnetic moments of the physical decuplet $U$ spin $=\frac{3}{2}$ quartet members without ascribing any specific form to their quark structure or intraquark interactions.

New measurements by the PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider for $\eta$ production at midrapidity as a function of transverse momentum ($p_T$) and collision centrality in $\sqrt{s_{\mathit{NN}}}=200$ GeV $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $p+p$ collisions are presented. They indicate nuclear modification factors ($R_{\mathrm{AA}}$) which are similar in both magnitude and trend to those found in earlier ${\pi }^0$ measurements. Linear fits to $R_{\mathrm{AA}}$ as a function of $p_T$ in 5–20 GeV$/c$ show that the slope is consistent with zero within two standard deviations at all centralities, although a slow rise cannot be excluded. Having different statistical and systematic uncertainties, the ${\pi }^0$ and $\eta$ measurements are complementary at high $p_T$; thus, along with the extended $p_T$ range of these data they can provide additional constraints for theoretical modeling and the extraction of transport properties.

Shape phase transitions in odd-$A$ nuclei are investigated within the framework of the interacting boson-fermion model. The case of a single $j=9/2$ fermion coupled to an even-even boson core is considered. This boson core transits from spherical to $\gamma$-unstable shapes depending on the value of a control parameter in the boson Hamiltonian. The effect of the coupling of the odd particle to this core along the shape transition and, in particular, at the critical point is discussed. For that purpose, the ground-state energy surface in terms of the $\beta$ and $\gamma$ shape variables for the even core and odd-even energy surfaces for the different $K$ states coming from $j=9/2$ are constructed. The evolution of each individual coupled state along the transition from the spherical [U(5)] to the $\gamma$-unstable [O(6)] situation is investigated. One finds that the core-fermion coupling gives rise to a smoother transition than in the even-core case.

A low-energy enhancement of the $\gamma$-ray strength function in several light and medium-mass nuclei has been observed recently in ${}^3\mathrm{He}$-induced reactions. The effect of this enhancement on $(n,\gamma$) cross sections is investigated for stable and unstable neutron-rich Fe, Mo, and Cd isotopes. Our results indicate that the radiative neutron capture cross sections may increase considerably due to the low-energy enhancement when approaching the neutron drip line. This could have non-negligible consequences on r-process nucleosynthesis calculations.

We analyze new data from Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab) for inclusive electron scattering on various targets. Computed and measured total inclusive cross sections in the range $0.3\lesssim x\lesssim 0.95$ show reasonable agreement on a logarithmic scale for all targets. However, closer inspection of the quasielastic components reveals serious discrepancies. European Muon Collaboration (EMC) ratios with conceivably smaller systematic errors fare the same. As a consequence, the new data do not enable the extraction of the magnetic form factor $G_M^n$ and the structure function $F_2^n$ of the neutron, although the application of exactly the same analysis to older data had been successful. We incorporate in the above analysis older CLAS Collaboration data on $F_2^{{}^2\mathrm{H}}$. Removal of some scattered points from those makes it appear possible to obtain the desired neutron information. We compare our results with others from alternative sources. Special attention is paid to the $A=3$ isodoublet cross sections and EMC ratios. Present data exist only for ${}^3\mathrm{He}$, but the available input in combination with charge symmetry enables computations for ${}^3\mathrm{H}$. Their average is the computed isoscalar part and is compared with the empirical modification of ${}^3\mathrm{He}$ EMC ratios toward a fictitious $A=3$ isosinglet.

Excited states in the extremely neutron-deficient nucleus ${}^{180}\mathrm{Pb}$ have been identified for the first time using the JUROGAM II array in conjunction with the RITU recoil separator at the Accelerator Laboratory of the University of Jyväskylä. This study lies at the limit of what is presently achievable with in-beam spectroscopy, with an estimated cross section of only 10 nb for the ${}^{92}\mathrm{Mo}$(${}^{90}\mathrm{Zr}$,$2n$)${}^{180}\mathrm{Pb}$ reaction. A continuation of the trend observed in ${}^{182}\mathrm{Pb}$ and ${}^{184}\mathrm{Pb}$ is seen, where the prolate minimum continues to rise beyond the $N=104$ midshell with respect to the spherical ground state. Beyond-mean-field calculations are in reasonable correspondence with the trends deduced from experiment.

We consider the chemical freeze-out of $\Xi$, $\overline{\Xi }$, and $\varphi$ multistrange hadrons within a statistical hadronization model inspired approach. We study particle yields across a wide range of reaction energy and centrality from NA49 at the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) and the Solenoidal Tracker at RHIC (STAR) experiments. We constrain the physical conditions present in the fireball source of strange hadrons and anticipate results expected at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).

The low-momentum interaction $V_{\mathrm{low}\text{−}k}$ derived from realistic models of the nucleon-nucleon interaction is presented in a separable form. This separable force is supported by a contact interaction to achieve the saturation properties of symmetric nuclear matter. Bulk properties of nuclear matter and finite nuclei are investigated for the separable form of $V_{\mathrm{low}\text{−}k}$ and two different parametrizations of the contact term. The accuracy of the separable force in Hartree-Fock calculations with respect to the original interaction $V_{\mathrm{low}\text{−}k}$ is discussed. For a cutoff parameter $\Lambda$ of $2\hspace{0.5em}{\mathrm{fm}}^{-1}$, a representation by a rank-2 separable force yields sufficient accuracy, while higher ranks are required for larger cutoff parameters. The resulting separable force is parametrized in a simple way to allow for an easy application in other nuclear structure calculations.

With the Q3D magnetic spectrograph of the Maier-Leibnitz-Laboratorium at München at a resolution of about 3 keV, angular distributions and excitation functions of the reaction ${}^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$($p,p^{\prime }$) were measured at some scattering angles ${20}^{°}$–${138}^{°}$ for several proton energies $14.8$–$18.1$ MeV. All seven known isobaric analog resonances in ${}^{209}\mathrm{Bi}$ are covered. By the excitation near the $j{}_{15/2}$ intruder resonance in ${}^{209}\mathrm{Bi}$, several new positive parity states in ${}^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ with excitation energies $4.6$–$6.2$ MeV are identified by comparison of the mean cross section to the known single particle widths. The dominant configuration for 27 positive parity states is determined and compared to the schematic shell model.

The two-body breakup of the deuteron is studied at high-$Q^2$ kinematics, with the main motivation to probe the deuteron at small internucleon distances. Such studies are associated with the probing of the high-momentum component of the deuteron wave function. For this, two main theoretical issues have been addressed: electromagnetic interaction of the virtual photon with the bound nucleon and the strong interaction of produced baryons in the final state of the breakup reaction. Within virtual nucleon approximation we developed a new prescription to account for the bound nucleon effects in electromagnetic interaction. The final-state interaction at high-$Q^2$ kinematics is calculated within the generalized eikonal approximation (GEA). We studied the uncertainties involved in the calculation and performed comparisons with the first experimental data on deuteron electrodisintegration at large $Q^2$. We demonstrate that the experimental data confirm the GEA’s early prediction that the rescattering is maximal at $~$${70}^{°}$ of recoil nucleon production relative to the momentum of the virtual photon. Comparisons also show that the forward recoil nucleon angles are best suited for studies of the electromagnetic interaction of bound nucleons and the high-momentum structure of the deuteron. Backward recoil angle kinematics show sizable effects owing to the $\Delta$-isobar contribution. The latter indicates the importance of further development of the GEA to account for the inelastic transitions in the intermediate state of the electrodisintegration reactions.

A model of strongly interacting and correlated hadrons is developed. The interaction used contains a long-range attraction and short-range repulsive hard core. Using this interaction and various limiting situations of it, a study of the effect of bound states and Feshbach resonances is given. The limiting situations are a pure square-well interaction, a delta-shell potential, and a pure hard-core potential. The limit of a pure hard-core potential are compared with the corresponding well-known results for a spinless Bose and Fermi gas. The limit of many partial waves for a pure hard-core interaction is also considered and results in expressions involving the hard-core volume. This feature arises from a scaling relation similar to that for hard-sphere scattering with diffractive corrections. Features that parallel the van der Waals gas and results based on a Skyrme interaction are discussed. Thermodynamic features associated with a unitary limit of very large scattering length are given. The ratio of effective range $r_0$ to thermal wavelength ${\lambda }_T$ appears as a limiting scale in various thermodynamic properties. The effective-range corrections to the entropy vary as the cube of this ratio for low temperatures and are therefore considerably reduced compared to the corrections to the interaction energy, Helmholtz free energy, compressibility, and chemical potential, which vary linearly with this ratio.

The fusion excitation function of ${}^{58}\mathrm{Ni}+{}^{54}\mathrm{Fe}$ has been measured in a cross-section range from $\simeq 1$ $\mu$b up to around 450 mb. Coupled-channels calculations, using a standard Woods-Saxon ion-ion potential, reproduce the excitation function down to about 180 $\mu$b. At lower energies, fusion cross sections drop faster than calculations, with a steep slope. The astrophysical $S$ factor shows a maximum at the lowest energies. These results are compared with various evidence from recent experiments on other systems with projectile and target in the mass range $A\simeq 30$–60.