The classical particle-plus-rotor model for antimagnetic rotation (AMR) is used to investigate the possibility of observing AMR in the high-spin levels of ${}^{105,107,109}\mathrm{Cd}$. The calculated $I(\omega )$ plot and $B(E2)$ values are compared with the available experimental data.

Levels excited up to 39.8 MeV and 119/2 units of angular momentum have been populated in ${}^{125}\mathrm{Xe}$ by the ${}^{82}\text{Se}$(${}^{48}\mathrm{Ca}$,5$n$)${}^{125}\mathrm{Xe}$ reaction. High-fold $\gamma$-ray coincidence events were measured using the Gammasphere Ge detector array. Nine regular rotational bands extending from levels identified previously up to almost 60 $\hslash$ have been identified, and three of these have been connected to low-lying levels having well-established spins and parities. Configurations have been assigned to six of the bands based on alignment properties, band crossings, and comparison with theoretical cranked shell model calculations (CSM). Transition quadrupole moments have been measured for these bands in the spin range 31$-$55 $\hslash$ and were found to be in agreement with the CSM calculations. The corresponding quadrupole deformation ${\epsilon }_2$ ranges from 0.28 to 0.34 at a $\gamma$ deformation of 0${}^{°}$ and from 0.29 to 0.36 at a $\gamma$ value of 5${}^{°}$.

We discuss various sources of azimuthal correlations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The integral measure $\Phi$ is applied to quantify the correlations. We first consider separately the correlations caused by the elliptic flow, resonance decays, jets, and transverse momentum conservation. An effect of randomly lost particles is also discussed. Using the PYTHIA and HIJING event generators we produce a sample of events that mimic experimental data. By means of kinematic cuts and particle selection criteria, the data are analyzed to identify a dominant source of correlations.

The microscopic formulas of the bulk viscosity $\zeta$ and the corresponding relaxation time ${\tau }_{\Pi }$ in causal dissipative relativistic fluid dynamics are derived by using the projection operator method. In applying these formulas to the pionic fluid, we find that the renormalizable energy-momentum tensor should be employed to obtain consistent results. In the leading-order approximation in the chiral perturbation theory, the relaxation time is enhanced near the QCD phase transition, and ${\tau }_{\Pi }$ and $\zeta$ are related as ${\tau }_{\Pi }=\zeta /[\beta \{(1/3-c_s^2)(\varepsilon +P)-2(\varepsilon -3P)/9\}]$, where $\varepsilon$, $P$, and $c_s$ are the energy density, pressure, and velocity of sound, respectively. The predicted $\zeta$ and ${\tau }_{\Pi }$ should satisfy the so-called causality condition. We compare our result with the results of the kinetic calculation by Israel and Stewart and the string theory, and confirm that all three approaches are consistent with the causality condition.

We study the chiral phase diagram in the $T$-$\mu$-$m_0$ space of the two-flavor Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with the approach of the Landau theory of phase transitions. The tricritical point (TCP) is an endpoint of a line of triple points as well as a crosspoint of three $\lambda$-transition lines. These double characters bring the connective and consistent problem of a critical phenomenon at the TCP. There is a crossover region from normal critical to tricritical behavior near the TCP, no matter whether the current quark mass is zero or not. The critical exponents need to be renormalized when one approaches the TCP along the first-order phase-transition line.

We compute $g_{D^{*}D\pi }$ and $g_{B^{*}B\pi }$ using a framework in which all elements are constrained by Dyson-Schwinger equation studies of QCD and therefore incorporates a consistent, direct, and simultaneous description of light and heavy quarks and the states they may constitute. We link these couplings with the heavy-light-meson leptonic decay constants and thereby obtain $g_{D^{*}D\pi }=15.9_{-1.0}^{+2.1}$ and $g_{B^{*}B\pi }=30.0_{-1.4}^{+3.2}$. From the latter, we infer ${\mathrm{ĝ}}_B=0.{37}_{-0.02}^{+0.04}$. A comparison between $g_{D^{*}D\pi }$ and $g_{B^{*}B\pi }$ indicates that when the $c$ quark is a system’s heaviest constituent, ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{QCD}}/m_c$-corrections are not under good control.

Precise experimental information on ${\sigma }_{\text{tot}}(e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-})$ is transferred into the spacelike region by taking advantage of the analyticity. As a result, rigorous pion electromagnetic form factor behavior in spacelike region is obtained. The latter is compared with some existing model predictions.

The stability of the three-$\alpha$ linear-chain structure of ${}^{13}\mathrm{C}$ has been investigated with a microscopic $3\alpha +n$ model. We have found two excited rotational bands that have developed a three-$\alpha$ cluster structure in ${}^{13}\mathrm{C}$. The lower band built on $3/2_2^{-}$ state at 11.4 MeV has the bent three-$\alpha$ linear-chain structure, and this structure is stable against the bending motion of three-$\alpha$ clusters.

The study of quasifree Compton scattering on the neutron in the energy range of $E_{\gamma }=0.75–1.5$ GeV is presented. The data reveal a narrow peak at $W~1.685$ GeV. This result, being considered in conjunction with the recent evidence for a narrow structure at $W~1.68$ GeV in $\eta$ photoproduction on the neutron, suggests the existence of a nucleon resonance with unusual properties: a mass $M~1.685$ GeV, a narrow width $\Gamma ⩽30$ MeV, and the much stronger photoexcitation on the neutron than on the proton.

In an experiment with a 65 MeV/nucleon polarized deuteron beam on a liquid-deuterium target at Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut, several multibody final states in deuteron-deuteron scattering were identified. For these measurements, a unique and advanced detection system, called the Big Instrument for Nuclear-polarization Analysis, was utilized. We demonstrate the feasibility of measuring vector and tensor polarization observables of the deuteron break-up reaction leading to a three-body final state. The polarization observables were determined with high precision in a nearly background-free experiment. The analysis procedure and some results are presented.

Assuming that in the hot dense matter produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, the energy density, entropy density, and pressure as well as the azimuthal and space-time rapidity components of the shear tensor are uniform in the direction transversal to the reaction plane, we derive a set of schematic equations from the Isreal-Stewart causal viscous hydrodynamics. These equations are then used to describe the evolution dynamics of relativistic heavy-ion collisions by taking the shear viscosity to entropy density ratio of $1/4\pi$ for the initial quark-gluon plasma (QGP) phase and of 10 times this value for the later hadron-gas (HG) phase. Using the production rate evaluated with particle distributions that take into account the viscous effect, we study dilepton production in central heavy-ion collisions. Compared with results from the ideal hydrodynamics, we find that although the dilepton invariant mass spectra from the two approaches are similar, the transverse momentum spectra are significantly enhanced at high transverse momenta by the viscous effect. We also study the transverse momentum dependence of dileptons produced from QGP for a fixed transverse mass, which is essentially absent in the ideal hydrodynamics, and find that this so-called transverse mass scaling is violated in the viscous hydrodynamics, particularly at high transverse momenta.

The reactions that destroy ${}^{26}\mathrm{Al}$ in massive stars have significance in a number of astrophysical contexts. We evaluate the reaction rates of ${}^{26}\mathrm{Al}$$(n,p){}^{26}$Mg and ${}^{26}\mathrm{Al}$$(n,\alpha ){}^{23}$Na using cross sections obtained from the codes empire and talys. These have been compared to the published rates obtained from the non-smoker code and to some experimental data. We show that the results obtained from empire and talys are comparable to those from non-smoker. We also show how the theoretical results vary with respect to changes in the input parameters. Finally, we present recommended rates for these reactions using the available experimental data and our new theoretical results.

We predict the elliptic flow parameter $v_2$ in $\mathrm{U}+\mathrm{U}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathit{NN}}}=200$ GeV and in $\mathrm{Pb}+\mathrm{Pb}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathit{NN}}}=2.76$ TeV using a hybrid model in which the evolution of the quark gluon plasma is described by ideal hydrodynamics with a state-of-the-art lattice QCD equation of state and the subsequent hadronic stage is described by a hadron cascade model.

Introducing a new vertex function, $\mathrm{Ẑ}(E)$, of an energy variable $E$, we derive a new equation for the effective interaction. The equation is obtained by replacing the $\mathrm{Q̂}$ box in the Krenciglowa-Kuo (KK) method with $\mathrm{Ẑ}(E)$. This new approach can be viewed as an extension of the KK method. We show that this equation can be solved both in iterative and noniterative ways. We observe that the iteration procedure with $\mathrm{Ẑ}(E)$ brings about fast convergence compared to the usual KK method. It is shown that, as in the KK approach, the procedure of calculating the effective interaction can be reduced to determining the true eigenvalues of the original Hamiltonian $H$ and they can be obtained as the positions of intersections of graphs generated from $\mathrm{Ẑ}(E)$. We find that this graphical method yields always precise results and reproduces any of the true eigenvalues of $H$. The calculation in the present approach can be made regardless of overlaps with the model space and energy differences between unperturbed energies and the eigenvalues of $H$. We find also that $\mathrm{Ẑ}(E)$ is a well-behaved function of $E$ and has no singularity. These characteristics of the present approach ensure stability in actual calculations and would be helpful to resolve some difficulties due to the presence of poles in the $\mathrm{Q̂}$ box. Performing test calculations, we verify numerically theoretical predictions made in the present approach.

The interaction cross sections of ${}^{32-35}$Mg at 900$A$ MeV have been measurmed using the fragment separator at GSI. The deviation from the $r_0{A}^{1/3}$ trend is slightly larger for ${}^{35}\mathrm{Mg}$, signaling the possible formation of a longer tail in the neutron distribution for ${}^{35}\mathrm{Mg}$. The radii extracted from a Glauber model analysis with Fermi densities are consistent with models predicting the development of neutron skins.

The use of the hyperspherical harmonic (HH) basis in the description of bound states in an $A$-body system composed of identical particles is normally preceded by a symmetrization procedure in which the statistic of the system is taken into account. This preliminary step is not strictly necessary; the direct use of the HH basis is possible, even if the basis does not have a well-defined behavior under particle permutations. In fact, after the diagonalization of the Hamiltonian matrix, the eigenvectors reflect the symmetries present in it. They have well-defined symmetry under particle permutation and identification of the physical states is possible, as shown here in specific cases. The problem related to the large degeneration of the basis is circumvented by constructing the Hamiltonian matrix as a sum of products of sparse matrices. This particular representation of the Hamiltonian is well suited for a numerical iterative diagonalization, where only the action of the matrix on a vector is needed. As an example we compute bound states for systems with $A=3$–6 particles interacting through a short-range central interaction. We also consider the case in which the potential is restricted to act in relative $s$ waves with and without the inclusion of the Coulomb potential. This very simple model predicts results in qualitative good agreement with the experimental data and it represents the first step in a project dedicated to the use of the HH basis to describe bound and low-energy scattering states in light nuclei.

We extend the formalism of weak interaction processes, obtaining new expressions for the transition rates, which greatly facilitate numerical calculations, for both neutrino-nucleus reactions and muon capture. Explicit violation of the conserved vector current hypothesis by the Coulomb field, as well as development of a sum-rule approach for inclusive cross sections, has been worked out. We have done a thorough study of exclusive (ground-state) properties of ${}^{12}\mathrm{B}$ and ${}^{12}\mathrm{N}$ within the projected quasiparticle random phase approximation (PQRPA). Good agreement with experimental data achieved in this way put into evidence the limitations of the standard RPA and QRPA models, which come from the inability of the RPA to open the $p_{3/2}$ shell and from the nonconservation of the number of particles in the QRPA. The inclusive neutrino/antineutrino ($\nu /\mathrm{\nu ̃}$) reactions ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$($\nu ,e^{-}){}^{12}$N and ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$($\mathrm{\nu ̃},e^{+}){}^{12}$B are calculated within both the PQRPA and the relativistic QRPA. It is found that (i) the magnitudes of the resulting cross sections are close to the sum-rule limit at low energy, but significantly smaller than this limit at high energies, for both $\nu$ and $\mathrm{\nu ̃}$; (ii) they increase steadily when the size of the configuration space is augmented, particularly for $\nu /\mathrm{\nu ̃}$ energies $>$200 MeV; and (iii) they converge for sufficiently large configuration space and final-state spin. The quasi-elastic ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$($\nu ,{\mu }^{-}){}^{12}$N cross section recently measured in the MiniBooNE experiment is briefly discussed. We study the decomposition of the inclusive cross section based on the degree of forbiddenness of different multipoles. A few words are dedicated to the $\nu /\mathrm{\nu ̃}$-${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$ charge-exchange reactions related to astrophysical applications.

The scattering of thermal neutrons from isomeric nuclei may include events in which the outgoing neutrons have increased kinetic energy. This process has been called inelastic neutron acceleration, or INNA, and occurs when the final nucleus, after emission of the neutron, is left in a state with lower energy than that of the isomer. The result, therefore, is an induced depletion of the isomer to the ground state. A cascade of several $\gamma$'s must accompany the neutron emission to release the high angular momentum of the initial isomeric state. INNA was previously observed in a few cases, and the measured cross sections were only in modest agreement with theoretical estimates. The most recent measurement of an INNA cross section was ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{INNA}}=258\pm 58\hspace{0.5em}\mathrm{b}$ for neutron scattering by ${}^{177}\mathrm{Lu}$${}^m$. In the present work, an INNA cross section of ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{INNA}}=168\hspace{0.5em}\pm \hspace{0.5em}33\hspace{0.5em}\mathrm{b}$ was deduced from measurements of the total burnup of the high-spin, four-quasiparticle isomer ${}^{178}\mathrm{Hf}$${}^{m2}$ during irradiation by thermal neutrons. Statistical estimates for the probability of different reaction channels past neutron absorption were used in the analysis, and the deduced ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{INNA}}$ was compared to the theoretically predicted cross section.

Mass distribution of fission fragments and neutron multiplicity in the ${}^{16}\text{O}+{}^{238}$U reaction were measured at near- and below-barrier energies. A sudden change in the fragment mass width, observed in the present measurement, confirmed the transition to quasifission at below-barrier energies; the same was indicated earlier from the study of fission fragment angular anisotropy. However, the present measurement of prescission neutron multiplicity as well as the earlier measurement of evaporation residue yield did not indicate any significant departure from the respective statistical model predictions throughout the energy range. It is argued that the first two probes are more sensitive for highly asymmetric systems, whereas all probes would be useful and complimentary to each other for study of quasifission in more symmetric systems, where quasifission is more dominant.

The production length $l_p$ of a leading (large $z_h$) hadron produced in hadronization of a highly virtual high-$p_T$ parton is short because of the very intensive vacuum gluon radiation and dissipation of energy at the early stage of the process. Therefore, the main part of nuclear suppression of high-$p_T$ hadrons produced in heavy ion collisions is related to the survival probability of a colorless dipole propagating through a dense medium. This is subject to color transparency, which leads to a steep rise with $p_T$ of the nuclear ratio $R_{\mathit{AA}}(p_T)$, in good agreement with the recent data from the ALICE experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). No adjustment, except for the medium density, is made, and the transport coefficient is found to be ${\mathrm{q̂}}_0=0.8$ GeV${}^2$/fm. This is close to the value extracted from the analysis of BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) data for $J/\Psi$ suppression, but is an order of magnitude smaller than the value found from jet quenching data within the energy loss scenario. Although the present calculations have the status of a postdiction, the mechanism and all formulas have been published, and are applied here with no modification, except for the kinematics. At the same time, $p_T$ dependence of $R_{\mathit{AA}}$ at the energy of RHIC is rather flat due to the suppression factor steeply falling with rising $x_T$, related to the energy conservation constraints. This factor is irrelevant to the LHC data, since $x_T$ is much smaller.