The fishbone potential of composite particles simulates the Pauli effect by nonlocal terms. We determine the $\alpha -\alpha$ fishbone potential by simultaneously fitting to two-$\alpha$ resonance energies, experimental phase shifts, and three-$\alpha$ binding energies. We found that, essentially, a simple Gaussian can provide a good description of two-$\alpha$ and three-$\alpha$ experimental data without invoking three-body potentials.

The $\beta$ decays of ${}^{150}$Er, ${}^{152}$Yb, and ${}^{156}$Yb nuclei are investigated using the total absorption spectroscopy technique. These nuclei can be considered possible candidates for forming the beam of a monoenergetic neutrino beam facility based on the electron capture (EC) decay of radioactive nuclei. Our measurements confirm that for the cases studied the EC decay proceeds mainly to a single state in the daughter nucleus.

We investigate whether three-triton states appear or not in excited states of ${}^9$Li. We also search for a signature of the gaslike three-triton state, which is partly an analogy to the the case of the three-$\alpha$ state in ${}^{12}$C (Hoyle state). For this purpose, we use both three-triton and $\alpha +t+n+n$ wave functions to describe the low-lying states of ${}^9$Li and take into account the coupling effect between them. We show that the states in which the three-triton components dominate indeed appear below the three-triton threshold energy, although the root-mean-square radii of those states are not so much expanded in comparison with the gaslike state of three $\alpha$'s.

An analytically solvable model, X(3/$2j+1$), is proposed to describe odd-$A$ nuclei near the X(3) critical point. The model is constructed based on a collective core described by the X(3) critical point symmetry coupled to a spin-$j$ particle. A detailed analysis of the spectral patterns for cases $j=1/2$ and $j=3/2$ is provided to illustrate dynamical features of the model. By comparing theory with experimental data and results of other models, it is found that the X(3/$2j+1$) model can be taken as a simple yet very effective scheme to describe those odd-$A$ nuclei with an even-even core at the critical point of the spherical to axially deformed shape phase transition.

Multinucleon transfer cross sections in the ${}^{96}$Zr+${}^{40}$Ca system have been measured, in inverse kinematics, at bombarding energies ranging from the Coulomb barrier to $\sim$25$\%$ below. Targetlike recoils have been identified in A, Z and velocity with the large solid angle magnetic spectrometer PRISMA. The experimental data for one- and two-neutron transfer channels have been compared with semiclassical microscopic calculations. For the two-neutron transfer channels the relevance of the transitions to the ground state and to the 0${}^{+}$ excited states of ${}^{42}$Ca are discussed by employing, for the reaction mechanism, the successive approximation. It is found that the transition to the 0${}^{+}$ state at $\sim$6 MeV, whose wave function is dominated by the two neutrons in the $2p_{3/2}$ shell, is much larger than the ground state one. The comparison with the inclusive data reveals that transitions to states with high multipolarity and non-natural parity are important. This suggests that more complex two-particle correlations have to be incorporated in the treatment of the transfer process.

Interaction cross sections and charged pion spectra in $p+\mathrm{C}$ interactions at 31 GeV/$c$ were measured with the large-acceptance NA61/SHINE spectrometer at the CERN SPS. These data are required to improve predictions of the neutrino flux for the T2K long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment in Japan. A set of data collected during the first NA61/SHINE run in 2007 with an isotropic graphite target with a thickness of 4% of a nuclear interaction length was used for the analysis. The measured $p+\mathrm{C}$ inelastic and production cross sections are 257.2 $\pm$ 1.9 $\pm$ 8.9 and 229.3 $\pm$ 1.9 $\pm$ 9.0 mb, respectively. Inclusive production cross sections for negatively and positively charged pions are presented as functions of laboratory momentum in ten intervals of the laboratory polar angle covering the range from 0 up to 420 mrad. The spectra are compared with predictions of several hadron production models.

Despite the huge number of fission yield data available in the different evaluated nuclear data libraries, such as JEFF-3.1.1, ENDF/B-VII.0, and JENDL-4.0, more accurate data are still needed both for nuclear energy applications and for our understanding of the fission process itself. It is within the framework of this that measurements on the recoil mass spectrometer Lohengrin (at the Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, France) was undertaken, to determine isotopic yields for the heavy fission products from the ${}^{239}$Pu(n${}_{th}$,f) reaction. In order to do this, a new experimental method based on $\gamma$-ray spectrometry was developed and validated by comparing our results with those performed in the light mass region with completely different setups. Hence, about 65 fission product yields were measured with an uncertainty that has been reduced on average by a factor of 2 compared to that previously available in the nuclear data libraries. In addition, for some fission products, a strongly deformed ionic charge distribution compared to a normal Gaussian shape was found, which was interpreted as being caused by the presence of a nanosecond isomeric state. Finally, a nuclear charge polarization has been observed in agreement, with the one described on other close fissioning systems.

The cross sections of $B_c$ absorption by $\pi$ mesons are calculated using a hadronic Lagrangian based on the SU(5) flavor symmetry. Calculated cross sections are found to be in the ranges 2–7 mb and 0.2–2 mb for the processes $B_c^{+}\pi \to DB$ and $B_c^{+}\pi \to D^{*}{B}^{*}$, respectively, when the monopole form factor is included. These results could be useful in calculating the production rate of $B_c$ mesons in relativistic heavy ion collisions.

The nuclear modification factor $R_{AA}\left(p_T\right)$ for large transverse momentum pion spectra in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s}=2.76$ TeV is predicted within the next-to-leading order perturbative QCD parton model. The effect of jet quenching is incorporated through medium-modified fragmentation functions within the higher-twist approach. The jet transport parameter that controls medium modification is proportional to the initial parton density, and the coefficient is fixed by data on the suppression of large-$p_T$ hadron spectra obtained at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Data on charged hadron multiplicity $d{N}_{\mathrm{ch}}/d\eta =1584\pm 80$ in central Pb+Pb collisions from the ALICE experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider are used to constrain the initial parton density both for determining the jet transport parameter and the 3 + 1 dimensional (3 + 1D) ideal hydrodynamic evolution of the bulk matter that is employed for the calculation of $R_{\mathrm{PbPb}}\left(p_T\right)$ for neutral pions.

Shear and bulk viscosity-to-entropy density ratios are calculated for pure gluon matter in a nonequilibrium mean-field quasiparticle approach within the relaxation time approximation. We study how different approximations used in the literature affect the results for the shear and bulk viscosities. Though the results for the shear viscosity turned out to be quite robust, all evaluations of the shear and bulk viscosities obtained in the framework of the relaxation time approximation can be considered only as rough estimations.

We perform Brueckner-Hartree-Fock calculations of hypernuclear matter employing the recent Nijmegen ESC08 hyperon-nucleon potentials, provide useful parametrizations of the numerical results, and compute the structure of hyperon (neutron) stars within this approach. Very low maximum masses below 1.4 solar masses are found.

The fine structure observed in the $\alpha$ decay of deformed platinum isotopes is investigated using the recently developed five-channel formalism, based on the coupled-channel Schrödinger equation with outgoing wave boundary conditions. The internal effect of daughter states is taken into account in dealing with the interaction matrix and the $\alpha$-cluster formation. The available experimental data concerning $\alpha$-decay half-lives and fine structures are reproduced. Some predictions are made especially for the $\alpha$ decay of neutron-rich isotopes, which could guide future experiments.

Neutron-unbound states in ${}^{25}$F and ${}^{26}$F were populated via the reactions ${}^9$Be(${}^{26}$Ne,${}^{24}$F + n) and ${}^9$Be(${}^{26}$Ne,${}^{25}$F + n), respectively. A resonance close to the neutron separation energy in ${}^{25}$F was identified with a decay energy of $28\pm 4$ keV. This resonance corresponds to an excited state in ${}^{25}$F at $4249\pm 116$ keV assuming it decays to the ground state of ${}^{24}$F. Guided by shell-model calculations, a spin and parity of 1/2${}^{-}$ can be assigned to this state. In the spectrum of ${}^{26}$F, which was produced in a nucleon-exchange reaction, there are indications for an excited state with a decay energy of $\sim$270 keV.

The scattering lengths of the $\pi \Sigma$ systems are key quantities in understanding the structure of the $\Lambda \left(1405\right)$ resonance and the subthreshold extrapolation of the $\overline{K}N$ interaction. We demonstrate that the $\pi \Sigma$ scattering lengths can be extracted from the threshold cusp phenomena in the weak ${\Lambda }_c\to \pi \pi \Sigma$ decays, analogously with Cabibbo’s method for determination of the $\pi \pi$ scattering length. We show that the substantial cusp effect should be observed in the spectrum, when the $\pi \Sigma$ interaction in $I=0$ is strongly attractive to generate a near-threshold singularity, such as a bound state or a virtual state.

The trajectories of $S$-matrix poles are calculated in the finite-range phenomenological potential introduced recently by Salamon and Vertse [Phys. Rev. C 77, 037302 (2008)] (SV). The potential is similar to a Woods-Saxon (WS) interaction, but it is exactly zero beyond a radius, without any cutoff. The trajectories of the resonance poles in this SV potential are compared to the corresponding trajectories in a cutoff WS potential for $l>0$. The dependence on the cutoff radius is demonstrated. The starting points of the trajectories turn out to be related to the average ranges of the two terms in the SV potential.

Low-energy dipole excitations are analyzed for the stable isotopes ${}^{40}$Ca and ${}^{48}$Ca in the framework of the Skyrme-second random-phase approximation. The corresponding random-phase approximation calculations provide a negligible strength distribution for both nuclei in the energy region from 5 to 10 MeV. The inclusion and the coupling of 2 particle-2 hole configurations in the second random-phase approximation lead to an appreciable dipole response at low energies for the neutron-rich nucleus ${}^{48}$Ca. The presence of a neutron skin in the nucleus ${}^{48}$Ca would suggest the interpretation of the low-lying response in terms of a pygmy excitation. The composition of the excitation modes (content of 1 particle-1 hole and 2 particle-2 hole configurations), their transition densities and their collectivity (number and coherence of the different contributions) are analyzed. This analysis indicates that, in general, these excitations cannot be clearly interpreted in terms of oscillations of the neutron skin against the core with the exception of the peak with the largest $B\left(E1\right)$ value, which is located at 9.09 MeV. For this peak the neutron transition density dominates and the neutron and proton transition densities oscillate out of phase in the internal part of the nucleus leading to a strong mixing of isoscalar and isovector components. Therefore, this state shows some features usually associated to pygmy resonances.

Low-lying states of even-even Zn and odd-mass Ga nuclei with neutron numbers between 42 and 50 have been calculated within the framework of the $SDG$-pair approximation of the nuclear shell model. We employ a monopole and quadrupole pairing plus quadrupole-quadrupole interaction with optimized parameters, which are assumed to be constants for nuclei with the same proton number or neutron number. We calculate low-lying level schemes, electric quadrupole and magnetic dipole moments, and $E2$ and $M1$ transition rates. Reasonable agreement is achieved between the calculated results and experimental data. Dominant configurations in the ground states of odd-mass Ga nuclei are discussed in terms of pair correlations. The weak-coupling picture for some states of odd-mass Ga nuclei is studied.

The multipole vortical, toroidal, and compression modes are analyzed. Following the vorticity concept of Ravenhall and Wambach, the vortical operator is derived and related in a simple way to the toroidal and compression operators. The strength functions and velocity fields of the modes are analyzed in ${}^{208}$Pb within the random-phase approximation using the Skyrme force SLy6. Both convection and magnetization nuclear currents are taken into account. It is shown that the isoscalar (isovector) vortical and toroidal modes are dominated by the convection (magnetization) nuclear current while the compression mode is fully convective. The relation between the above concept of the vorticity and the hydrodynamical vorticity is briefly discussed.

The (d,p) neutron transfer and (d,d) elastic scattering reactions were measured in inverse kinematics using a radioactive ion beam of ${}^{132}$Sn at 630 MeV. The elastic scattering data were taken in a region where Rutherford scattering dominated the reaction, and nuclear effects account for less than 8$\%$ of the elastic scattering cross section. The magnitude of the nuclear effects, in the angular range studied, was found to be independent of the optical potential used, allowing the transfer data to be normalized in a reliable manner. The neutron-transfer reaction populated a previously unmeasured state at 1363 keV, which is most likely the single-particle $3p_{1/2}$ state expected above the $N=82$ shell closure. The data were analyzed using finite-range adiabatic-wave calculations and the results compared with the previous analysis using the distorted-wave Born approximation. Angular distributions for the ground and first-excited states are consistent with the previous tentative spin and parity assignments. Spectroscopic factors extracted from the differential cross sections are similar to those found for the one-neutron states beyond the benchmark doubly magic nucleus ${}^{208}$Pb.

The isotope dependence of measured reaction cross sections in the scattering of ${}^{28-32}$Ne isotopes from a ${}^{12}$C target at 240 MeV$/$nucleon is analyzed by the double-folding model with the Melbourne $g$ matrix. The density of the projectile is calculated by the mean-field model with the deformed Woods-Saxon potential. The deformation is evaluated by antisymmetrized molecular dynamics. The deformation of the projectile enhances calculated reaction cross sections to the measured values.