In this paper, the fission rate and fission probability are calculated using the Langevin dynamical approach. We employed the Langevin equations to calculate the fission probability of a hot compound nucleus and investigated the role of one- and two-body dissipation mechanisms on the fission rate and fission probability. The obtained results using one-body dissipation are lower than results based on two-body dissipation. Calculations are done for ${}^{19}\mathrm{F}{+}^{159}\mathrm{Tb}$, ${}^{19}\mathrm{F}{+}^{169}\mathrm{Tm}$, ${}^{19}\mathrm{F}{+}^{181}\mathrm{Ta}$, and ${}^{16}\mathrm{O}{+}^{197}\mathrm{Au}$ reactions. It is concluded that agreement between experimental data and results of one-body dissipation, especially in lower energies, is better than calculations based on two-body viscosity.

The total reaction cross section is related to the elastic scattering angular distribution by a basic quantum-mechanical relation. We present new experimental data for $\alpha$-induced reaction cross sections on ${}^{64}$Zn which allow for the first time the experimental verification of this simple relation at low energies by comparison of the new experimental reaction data to the result obtained from ${}^{64}$Zn($\alpha ,\alpha$)${}^{64}$Zn elastic scattering.

The pairing properties of the neutrinoless double-$\beta$ decay $\left(0\nu 2\beta \right)$ candidate ${}^{100}$Mo have been studied, along with its daughter ${}^{100}$Ru, to provide input for nuclear matrix element calculations relevant to the decay. The $(p,t)$ two-neutron transfer reaction was measured on nuclei of ${}^{102,100}$Ru and ${}^{100,98}$Mo. The experiment was designed to have particular sensitivity to $0^{+}$ states up to excitation energies of $\sim 3$ MeV with high energy resolution. Measurements were made at two angles and $L=0$ transitions identified by the ratio of yields between the two angles. For the reactions leading to and from ${}^{100}$Ru, greater than $95\%$ of the $L=0$ $(p,t)$ strength was in the ground state, but in ${}^{100}$Mo about $20\%$ was in excited $0^{+}$ states. The measured $(p,t)$ data, together with existing $(t,p)$ data, suggest that ${}^{100}$Mo is a shape-transitional nucleus while ${}^{100}$Ru is closer to the spherical side of that transition. Theoretical calculations of the $0\nu 2\beta$ nuclear matrix element may be complicated by this difference in shape.

Systematic differences between measurements of excitation energies and branching ratios of unbound ${}^{32}$Cl levels near the proton threshold have recently emerged. We investigate these ${}^{32}$Cl properties using independent information by analyzing existing ${}^{32}$Ar($\beta \gamma$)${}^{32}$Cl data and using published values from measurements of the ${}^{32}$S(${}^3$He,$t\gamma$)${}^{32}$Cl reaction. Significant evidence emerges in support of particular values. The results increase the thermonuclear rate of the ${}^{31}$S($p,\gamma$)${}^{32}$Cl reaction by up to a factor of 2 over the temperature range of 0.4 to 2 GK that is reached during type I x-ray bursts on hydrogen-accreting neutron stars.

Semimicroscopic optical potentials for low-energy proton reactions in the mass 90–100 region have been obtained by folding the density-dependent M3Y interaction with relativistic mean field densities. Certain parameters in the potential have been deduced by comparing calculated results with the data for elastic scattering. Low-energy proton reactions in this mass region have been studied in the formalism with success. Rates of important astrophysical reactions in the mass region have been calculated.

The half-life of a $K^{\pi }={12}^{+}$ isomer in ${}^{164}$Er has been measured to be 68(2) ns, and new decay pathways have been identified. These include highly $K$-forbidden $\gamma$-ray transitions directly to the ground-state rotational band, with reduced hindrance values that can be compared with those found for heavier nuclides. The new data support the interpretation that the level density is a key variable in determining $K$-forbidden transition rates.

Correlations of midrapidity light charged particles (LCPs) and intermediate mass fragments (IMFs) with projectile-like fragments (PLFs) have been examined from the 35 MeV/u ${}^{70}\mathrm{Zn}+{}^{70}$Zn, ${}^{64}\mathrm{Zn}+{}^{64}$Zn, and ${}^{64}\mathrm{Ni}+{}^{64}$Ni reaction systems. A new method was developed to examine the flow of the particles with respect to the PLF. The invariant PLF-scaled flow allowed for the dynamics of the midrapidity $Z=1–4$ particles to be studied. Strong differences in the PLF-scaled flow were observed between the different isotopes. In particular, the most $n$-rich LCPs exhibited a negative PLF-scaled flow in comparison to the other LCPs. A classical molecular dynamics model and a three-body Coulomb trajectory simulation were both used to show that the PLF-scaled flow observable could be connected to the average order of emission of the LCPs. The experimental results suggest that the midrapidity region is preferentially populated with neutron-rich LCPs and $Z=3–4$ IMFs at a relatively early stage in the collision. The deuteron and ${}^3$He particles are emitted later followed, lastly, by protons and alphas. The average order of emission of the midrapidity LCPs was extracted from the constrained molecular dynamics simulations and showed good agreement with the emission order suggested by the experimental PLF-scaled flow results.

We study the impact of the nuclear dependence of $R={\sigma }_L/{\sigma }_T$ on the extraction of the $F_2^A/F_2^D$ and $F_1^A/F_1^D$ structure function ratios from the data on the ${\sigma }^A/{\sigma }^D$ cross section ratios. Guided by indications of the nuclear dependence of $R$ from the world data, we examine selected sets of the European Muon Collaboration (EMC), Bologna-CERN-Dubna-Munich-Saclay (BCDMS), the New Muon Collaboration (NMC), and SLAC data and find that $F_1^A/F_1^D<{\sigma }^A/{\sigma }^D\le F_2^A/F_2^D$. In particular, we observe that the nuclear enhancement (antishadowing) for $F_1^A/F_1^D$ in the interval $0.1<x<0.3$ becomes significantly reduced or even disappears, which indicates that antishadowing is dominated by the longitudinal structure function $F_L$. We also argue that precise measurements of nuclear modifications of $R$ and $F_L^A$ have the potential to constrain the poorly known gluon distribution in nuclei over a wide range of $x$.

Level densities and entropies in ${}^{121}$Sn and ${}^{122}$Sn nuclei have been extracted within a BCS theory that includes nuclear pairing interaction based on the modified harmonic oscillator according to Nilsson potential. The entropy of the ${}^{121}$Sn nucleus follows closely the entropy for the ${}^{122}$Sn, but the even-odd system has an entropy excess at low temperatures. The neutron and proton entropy excess ratio has been calculated as a function of nuclear temperature. The proton system at low temperatures plays a minor role in entropy excess and neutron entropy excess ratio is about 1, as expected.

Monoisotopic samples of ${}^{109}$Mo nuclei, produced in the deuteron-induced fission of ${}^{238}$U and separated using the IGISOL mass separator coupled to a Penning trap, were used to perform $\beta$- and $\gamma$-coincidence spectroscopy of ${}^{109}$Tc. Spin and parity 5/2${}^{+}$ for the ground state of ${}^{109}$Mo, proposed earlier, are supported in the present work. Three new low-energy levels observed in ${}^{109}$Tc are interpreted as bandheads of the $\pi 3/2^{-}$[301], $\pi 5/2^{-}$[303], and $\pi 1/2^{+}$[431] configurations, respectively. A further three levels observed around 0.4 MeV are interpreted as $K=1/2$ triaxial excitations. A similar interpretation is proposed for an analogous set of three levels observed in ${}^{107}$Tc in another ${\beta }^{-}$ decay work. The systematics of these excitations breaks down in ${}^{111}$Tc, most likely due to a transition from prolate to oblate deformation. An excitation at 745.0 keV in ${}^{109}$Tc and 850.7 keV in ${}^{107}$Tc is interpreted as the $\pi$7/2${}^{+}$[413] configuration. Quasiparticle-rotor model calculations support the proposed interpretations.

The directed flow of inclusive, transported and nontransported (including produced) protons, as well as antiprotons, has been studied in the framework of an ultrarelativistic quantum molecular dynamics approach for $\text{Au}+\text{Au}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=7.7$, 11.5, 19.6, 27, 39, 62.4 and 200 GeV. The rapidity, centrality, and energy dependence of directed flow for various proton groups are presented. It is found that the integrated directed flow decreases monotonically as a function of collision energy for $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=11.5$ GeV and beyond. However, the sign change of directed flow of inclusive protons, seen in experimental data as a function of centrality and collision energy, can be explained by the competing effect of directed flow between transported and nontransported protons. Similarly, the difference in directed flow between protons and antiprotons can be explained. Our study offers a conventional explanation on the cause of the $v_1$ sign change other than the antiflow component of protons alone, which is argued to be linked to a phase transition.

By employing the time-dependent approach, we investigate a quantum tunneling decay of many-particle systems. We apply it to a schematic one-dimensional three-body model with a heavy-core nucleus and two valence protons. We calculate the decay width for two-proton emission from the survival probability, which well obeys the exponential decay law after a sufficient time. The effect of the correlation between the two emitted protons is also studied by observing the time evolution of the two-particle density distribution. It is shown that the pairing correlation significantly enhances the probability for the simultaneous diproton decay.

The neutron-rich nuclei ${}^{109}$Pd and ${}^{111}$Pd were produced as fission fragments following the ${}^{30}\mathrm{Si}+{}^{168}\mathrm{Er}$ reaction at 142 MeV. Using the identification based on the coincidences with the complementary fission fragments, the only positive-parity bands observed so far in ${}^{109}$Pd and ${}^{111}$Pd emerged from this work. A band, built on top of the 5/2${}^{+}$ ground state exhibiting $\Delta I=1$ energy-level staggering, was observed in each of these nuclei. Both nuclei of interest, ${}^{109}$Pd and ${}^{111}$Pd, are suggested to lie in the transitional region of Pd isotopes of maximum $\gamma$ softness. The ground states of both nuclei are predicted by total Routhian surface calculations to be extremely $\gamma$ soft with shallow triaxial minima. The first crossing in the new bands is proposed to be attributable to an alignment of $h_{11/2}^2$ neutrons.

The nuclear time-dependent Hartree-Fock model formulated in three-dimensional space, based on the full standard Skyrme energy density functional complemented with the tensor force, is presented. Full self-consistency is achieved by the model. The application to the isovector giant dipole resonance is discussed in the linear limit, ranging from spherical nuclei (${}^{16}$O and ${}^{120}$Sn) to systems displaying axial or triaxial deformation (${}^{24}$Mg, ${}^{28}$Si, ${}^{178}$Os, ${}^{190}$W and ${}^{238}$U). Particular attention is paid to the spin-dependent terms from the central sector of the functional, recently included together with the tensor. They turn out to be capable of producing a qualitative change on the strength distribution in this channel. The effect on the deformation properties is also discussed. The quantitative effects on the linear response are small and, overall, the giant dipole energy remains unaffected. Calculations are compared to predictions from the (quasi)-particle random-phase approximation and experimental data where available, finding good agreement.

A study of the ${\beta }^{+}$-electron capture decay of ${}^{110}$In into levels of ${}^{110}$Cd is combined with a reanalysis of data from a previous study of ${}^{110}$Cd with the $(n,n^{\prime }\gamma )$ reaction with monoenergetic neutrons. The $\gamma \gamma$ coincidences from the ${}^{110}$In decay leads to many new assignments of $\gamma$ rays observed in the $(n,n^{\prime }\gamma )$ reaction, permitting the observation of weak low-energy transitions, and setting stringent upper limits on unobserved decay branches. The uncertainties on many of the lifetimes from the $(n,n^{\prime }\gamma )$ reaction are significantly reduced, and limits are established for the lifetimes of levels too long for a direct measurement. The absence of enhanced transitions between the previously assigned phonon states and the deformed intruder states strongly suggests that mixing between the configurations is generally weak, refuting the strong-mixing scenario as an explanation of the decay pattern of the excited $0^{+}$ states in ${}^{110}$Cd. The decay pattern of the nonintruder states is suggestive of a $\gamma$-soft rotor, or O(6) nucleus, rather than a vibrational, or U(5), pattern. The existence of a four-particle–six-hole proton excitation in ${}^{110}$Cd is also suggested.

High-spin states in ${}^{173}$W have been studied using the ${}^{150}$Nd(${}^{28}\text{Si},5n$)${}^{173}$W reaction at beam energies of 135 and 140 MeV. The previously known bands associated with the $7/2^{+}\left[633\right]$, $5/2^{-}\left[512\right]$, and $1/2^{-}\left[521\right]$ configurations are extended significantly, and the unfavored signature branch of the $1/2^{-}\left[521\right]$ band is established for the first time. The band properties, such as level spacings, band-crossing frequencies, alignment gains, and signature splittings, are discussed with an emphasis on the low-spin signature inversion observed in the $5/2^{-}\left[512\right]$ band. By comparing the experimental $B\left(M1\right)/B\left(E2\right)$ ratios with the theoretical values, we conclude that the configuration of the $5/2^{-}\left[512\right]$ band is quite pure at low spins without appreciable admixture of the $5/2^{-}\left[523\right]$ orbit, in conflict with the particle rotor model calculated results.

We study the elastic scattering of polarized protons from He isotopes. The central and spin-orbit parts of the optical potential are derived using the Glauber theory that can naturally take account of the breakup effect of the He isotopes. Both the differential cross section and the vector analyzing power for $p+{}^{4,6,8}\text{He}$ scattering at 71 MeV are in reasonable agreement with experiment. Scattering observables at 300 MeV are predicted. The Pauli blocking effect is examined at 71 MeV.