The $N{\Lambda }_c$ and $N{\Lambda }_b$ systems with $I=\frac{1}{2}$ and $J^P=0^{+}$ or $1^{+}$ are investigated within the framework of the quark delocalization color screening model (QDCSM) by solving a resonating group method equation. The results show that the interaction between $N$ and ${\Lambda }_c$ is attractive, but it is not strong enough to form any $N{\Lambda }_c$ bound state, even with the help of channel coupling. Whereas the attraction between $N$ and ${\Sigma }_c$ is strong enough to form a bound state $N{\Sigma }_c{(}^3{S}_1)$, it becomes a resonance state with the resonance mass of 3389–3404 MeV by coupling to the open $N{\Lambda }_c$ $D$-wave channel. However it does not show up in the $N{\Lambda }_c$ $S$-wave channel. The corresponding states $N{\Lambda }_b$, $N{\Sigma }_b$ have similar properties as that of states $N{\Lambda }_c$, $N{\Sigma }_c$, and there exists a $N{\Sigma }_b{(}^3{S}_1)$ resonance state with energy of 6733–6743 MeV in the $N{\Lambda }_b$ $D$-wave scattering phase shifts.

High-spin states of ${}^{80}$Rb are studied via the fusion-evaporation reactions ${}^{65}$Cu+${}^{19}$F, ${}^{66}$Zn+${}^{18}$O, and ${}^{68}$Zn+${}^{16}$O with the beam energies of 75 MeV, 76 MeV, and 80 MeV, respectively. Twenty-three states with twenty-eight γ transitions are added to the previously proposed level scheme, where the second negative-parity band is significantly pushed up to spins of 22${}^{-}$ and 15${}^{-}$ and two sidebands are built on the known first negative-parity band. Two successive band crossings with frequencies 0.51 MeV and 0.61 MeV in the α $=$ 0 branch as well as another one in the α $=$ 1 branch of the second negative-parity band are observed. Signature inversions occur in the positive-parity and first negative-parity bands at the spins of 11$\hslash$ and 16$\hslash$, respectively. The signature splitting is seen obviously in the second negative-parity band, but the signature inversion is not observed. It is also found that the structure of the two negative-parity bands is similar to that of its isotone ${}^{82}$Y. Signature inversion in the positive-parity yrast band with configuration π$g_{9/2}\otimes \nu g_{9/2}$ in this nucleus is discussed using the projected shell model.

The prompt $\gamma$-ray energy and multiplicity distributions were measured for the neutron-induced fission in ${}^{235}\mathrm{U}$ and ${}^{239,241}\mathrm{Pu}$ by using a highly segmented $4\pi \gamma$-ray calorimeter in coincidence with the detection of fission fragments by a gas-filled parallel-plate avalanche counter. Both distributions were unfolded according to the detector response, which was simulated numerically by using a model validated with the $\gamma$-ray calibration sources. The mean value and the width of the $\gamma$-ray multiplicity distribution show a systematic increase with increasing mass of fissile nucleus, whereas, the energy distribution shows the dependence of $\gamma$-ray energy above 5 MeV on the species of fissile nuclei. The correlations between $\gamma$-ray energy and multiplicity were studied by comparing the mean value and the width of the total $\gamma$-ray energy between measurement and simulation by using an assembly with elements selected by random sampling of their unfolded distributions. The detector response was taken into account in the simulation. These results together with the detailed description of the experiment and analysis are presented.

Vorticity development is studied in the reaction plane of peripheral relativistic heavy-ion reactions where the initial state has substantial angular momentum. The earlier predicted rotation effect and Kelvin Helmholtz instability lead to significant initial vorticity and circulation. In low-viscosity quark gluon plasma this vorticity remains still significant at the time of freeze-out of the system, even if damping due to explosive expansion and dissipation decreases the vorticity and circulation. In the reaction plane the vorticity arises from the initial angular momentum, and it is stronger than in the transverse plane, where vorticity is caused by random fluctuations only.

An impulse-approximation (IA) analysis of the generalized parton distributions (GPDs) $H$ and $E$ of the ${}^3$He nucleus, quantities which are accessible in hard exclusive processes, such as coherent deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS), is described. The calculation is based on the Av18 interaction. The electromagnetic form factors are correctly recovered in the proper limits. The sum of the GPDs $H$ and $E$ of ${}^3$He, at low momentum transfer, is largely dominated by the neutron contribution, thanks to the unique spin structure of ${}^3$He. This nucleus is therefore very promising for the extraction of the neutron information. By increasing the momentum transfer, however, this conclusion is somehow hindered by the the fast growing proton contribution. Besides, even when the neutron contribution to the GPDs of ${}^3$He is largely dominating, the procedure of extracting the neutron GPDs from it could be, in principle, nontrivial. A technique is therefore proposed, independent of both the nuclear potential and the nucleon model used in the calculation, able to take into account the nuclear effects included in the IA analysis and to safely extract the neutron information at values of the momentum transfer large enough to allow the measurements. Thanks to this observation, coherent DVCS should be considered a key experiment to access the neutron GPDs and, in turn, the orbital angular momentum of the partons in the neutron.

The lifetime ${146}_{-16}^{+13}$ fs of the excited state of ${}^{87}$Rb at 845 keV was measured by the Doppler-shift attenuation method (DSAM). It corresponds to a reduced transition strength of $B\left(M1\right)\downarrow =0.{644}_{-0.053}^{+0.075}$ ${\mu }_N^2=0.{36}_{-0.03}^{+0.04}$ W.u. for the $M1$ transition to the ${\frac{3}{2}}^{-}$ ground state. Comparison to the value of $B\left(M1\right)\uparrow =0.34\left(5\right)$ ${\mu }_N^2$ measured previously in $(\gamma ,{\gamma }^{\prime })$ [Käubler et al., Phys. Rev. C 65, 054315 (2002)] pins down the spin assignment $J^{\pi }={\frac{1}{2}}^{-}$ to the excited state at 845 keV. Together with its known angular momentum quantum number $l=1$, the ${\frac{1}{2}}^{-}\to {\frac{3}{2}}^{-}$ transition can be identified as the proton $2p_{1/2}\to 2p_{3/2}$ spin-flip transition.

Using the activation technique, the cross section for the reaction ${}^{181}$Ta(n,2n)${}^{180}$Ta${}^g$ was measured from 8 to 15 MeV in small energy steps to resolve inconsistencies in the existing database. The 93.4 keV γ ray from the decay of the ${}^{180}$Ta${}^g$ ground state was recorded with a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector. The monitor reactions ${}^{27}$Al(${n,\alpha )}^{24}$Na and ${}^{197}$Au(n,2n)${}^{196}$Au were used for neutron fluence determination. The ENDF VII.1 and TENDL 2011 evaluations are in considerable disagreement with the present data, which in turn agree very well with the majority of the existing data in the 14 MeV energy region. A detailed analysis using the code talys was performed to describe the present data and to predict the (n,2n) cross section to the isomeric state of ${}^{180}$Ta.

Reflection-asymmetric octupole structures are studied in the transitional nucleus ${}^{221}$Th. There are several modifications at intermediate spins to the previously reported yrast structure. The level scheme is considerably extended with yrast states up to (39/2)$\hslash$ established. A nonyrast octupole structure is identified which does not constitute a parity doublet with the yrast states, unlike those observed in some of the heavier odd-$A$ Th isotopes. This is attributed to the low $\mathit{K}$ value of the ground-state configuration. The strength of octupole correlations and quadrupole collectivity is found to vary with spin. The role of nucleon alignments in influencing collective properties is explored through cranking calculations incorporating octupole deformation.

Angular distributions of elastic ${}^{140}$Ce($\alpha$,$\alpha$)${}^{140}$Ce scattering are analyzed in the framework of the optical model from low energies around the Coulomb barrier up to about 40 MeV. From the local fits the total reaction cross section ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{reac}}$ is extracted. This procedure requires experimental scattering data with small uncertainties. The results for ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{reac}}$ are compared to predictions of different systematic global potentials. It is found that the total reaction cross section ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{reac}}$ is well predicted from all global potentials under study although the reproduction of the angular distributions is not perfect in all cases. In addition, the lower energy limit for the extraction of ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{reac}}$ from elastic scattering angular distributions is analyzed. Finally, the potentials under study are used to calculate the ${}^{143}$Nd($n$,$\alpha$)${}^{140}$Ce cross section, and the predictions are compared to experimental data.

In this paper a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the two-neutrino ($2\nu 2\beta$) and neutrinoless ($0\nu 2\beta$) double-beta decays of ${}^{78}$Kr is performed by evaluating the corresponding nuclear matrix elements by combining the quasiparticle random-phase approximation with the multiple-commutator model. Transitions to the ground state $0_{\mathrm{gs}}^{+}$ and $0^{+}$ and $2^{+}$ excited states in ${}^{78}$Se are investigated by using $G$-matrix-based nuclear forces. The channels ${\beta }^{+}{\beta }^{+}$, ${\beta }^{+}$EC, and ECEC are discussed for the $2\nu 2\beta$ decays and the channels ${\beta }^{+}{\beta }^{+}$ and ${\beta }^{+}$EC for the $0\nu 2\beta$ decays. The associated half-lives are computed to see if the detection of some of these transitions is experimentally feasible.

Fusion of two deuterons at room-temperature energy is studied. The nuclei are in vacuum with no connection to any external source (electric or magnetic field, illumination, surrounding matter, traps, etc.) which may accelerate them. The energy of the two nuclei is conserved and remains small during the motion through the Coulomb barrier. The penetration through this barrier, which is the main obstacle for low-energy fusion, strongly depends on a form of the incident flux on the Coulomb center at large distances from it. In contrast to the usual scattering, the incident wave is not a single plane wave but the certain superposition of plane waves of the same energy and various directions; for example, a convergent conical wave. As a result of interference, the wave function close to the Coulomb center is determined by a cusp caustic which is probed by de Broglie waves. The particle flux gets away from the cusp and moves to the Coulomb center providing a not negligible probability of fusion (cusp driven tunneling). Getting away from a caustic cusp also occurs in optics and acoustics.

High spin states in ${}^{135}$La have been investigated using the ${}^{128}$Te(${}^{11}$B,$4n$)${}^{135}$La reaction at a beam energy of 50.5 MeV using the Indian National Gamma Array (INGA). The level scheme has been confirmed and extended both for low and high spin states with the observation of several new transitions. The Directional Correlations of Oriented states (DCO) ratios and linear polarization measurements have been performed to assign spin-parity for most of the reported $\gamma$ transitions. A new positive parity band has been observed and identified as a decoupled band ($\Delta I=2$). Two negative parity dipole bands ($\Delta I=1$) have been established and for one of the dipole bands the crossover $E2$ transitions have been identified for the first time. On the basis of the Tilted Axis Cranking (TAC) calculations, a three quasiparticle (qp) $\pi {\left(h_{11/2}\right)}^1\otimes \nu {\left(h_{11/2}\right)}^{-2}$ configuration and 5qp $\pi {\left(h_{11/2}\right)}^1{(g_{7/2}/d_{5/2})}^2\otimes \nu {\left(h_{11/2}\right)}^{-2}$ configuration have been assigned to these two dipole bands. The comparison with experimental observables supports the configuration assignments for both the dipole bands.

Recently, we observed a clear dependence of the nuclear caloric curve on neutron-proton asymmetry $\frac{N-Z}{A}$ through examination of fully reconstructed equilibrated quasiprojectile sources produced in heavy-ion collisions at $E/A=35$ MeV. In the present work, we extend our analysis using multiple light charged particle probes of the temperature. Temperatures are extracted with five distinct probes using a kinetic thermometer approach. Additionally, temperatures are extracted using two probes within a chemical thermometer approach (Albergo method). All seven measurements show a significant linear dependence of the source temperature on the source asymmetry. For the kinetic thermometer, the strength of the asymmetry dependence varies with the probe particle species in a way that is consistent with an average emission-time ordering.

An isobaric yield ratio difference (IBD) method is proposed to study the ratio of the difference between the chemical potential of neutron and proton to temperature ($\Delta \mu /T$) in heavy-ion collisions. The $\Delta \mu /T$ determined by the IBD method (IB-$\Delta \mu /T$) is compared to the results of the isoscaling method (IS-$\Delta \mu /T$), which uses the isotopic or the isotonic yield ratio. Similar distributions of the IB- and IS-$\Delta \mu /T$ are found in the measured 140$A$ MeV ${}^{40,48}$Ca+${}^9$Be and the ${}^{58,64}$Ni+${}^9$Be reactions. The IB- and IS-$\Delta \mu /T$ both have a distribution with a plateau in the small mass fragments plus an increasing part in the fragments of relatively larger mass. The IB- and IS-$\Delta \mu /T$ plateaus show dependence on the $n/p$ ratio of the projectile. It is suggested that the height of the plateau is decided by the difference between the neutron density (${\rho }_n$) and the proton density (${\rho }_p$) distributions of the projectiles, and the width shows the overlapping volume of the projectiles in which ${\rho }_n$ and ${\rho }_p$ change very little. The difference between the IB- and IS-$\Delta \mu /T$ is explained by the isoscaling parameters being constrained by the many isotopes and isotones, while the IBD method only uses the yields of two isobars. It is suggested that the IB-$\Delta \mu /T$ is more reasonable than the IS-$\Delta \mu /T$, especially when the isotopic or isotonic ratio disobeys the isoscaling. As to the question whether the $\Delta \mu /T$ depends on the density or the temperature, the density dependence is preferred since the low density can result in low temperature in the peripheral reactions.

The ${}^{18}$Ne($\alpha ,p$)${}^{21}$Na reaction is one key for the breakout from the hot CNO cycles to the $rp$-process. Recent papers have provided reaction rate factors $N_A\langle \sigma v\rangle$ which are discrepant by at least one order of magnitude. The compatibility of the latest experimental results is tested, and a partial explanation for the discrepant $N_A\langle \sigma v\rangle$ is given. A new rate factor is derived from the combined analysis of all available data. The new rate factor is located slightly below the higher rate factor found by Matic et al. [Phys. Rev. C 80, 055804 (2009)] at low temperatures and significantly below at higher temperatures whereas it is about a factor of 5 higher than the lower rate factor recently published by Salter et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 242701 (2012)].

We present a framework where first-principles calculations of jet modification may be carried out in a nonperturbative thermal environment. As an example of this approach, we compute the leading-order contribution to the transverse momentum broadening of a high-energy (near on-shell) quark in a thermal medium. This involves a factorization of a nonperturbative operator product from the perturbative process of scattering of the quark. An operator product expansion of the nonperturbative operator product is carried out and related via dispersion relations to the expectation of local operators. These local operators are then evaluated in quenched $SU\left(2\right)$ lattice gauge theory.

Based on the quasiparticle model of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), a color quantum path-integral Monte-Carlo (PIMC) method for the calculation of thermodynamic properties and—closely related to the latter—a Wigner dynamics method for calculation of transport properties of the QGP are formulated. The QGP partition function is presented in the form of a color path integral with a new relativistic measure instead of the Gaussian one traditionally used in the Feynman-Wiener path integral. A procedure of sampling color variables according to the SU(3) group Haar measure is developed for integration over the color variable. It is shown that the PIMC method is able to reproduce the lattice QCD equation of state at zero baryon chemical potential at realistic model parameters (i.e., quasiparticle masses and coupling constant) and also yields valuable insight into the internal structure of the QGP. Our results indicate that the QGP reveals quantum liquidlike(rather than gaslike) properties up to the highest considered temperature of 525 MeV. The pair distribution functions clearly reflect the existence of gluon-gluon bound states, i.e., glueballs, at temperatures just above the phase transition, while mesonlike $q\overline{q}$ bound states are not found. The calculated self-diffusion coefficient agrees well with some estimates of the heavy-quark diffusion constant available from recent lattice data and also with an analysis of heavy-quark quenching in experiments on ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions, however, appreciably exceeds other estimates. The lattice and heavy-quark-quenching results on the heavy-quark diffusion are still rather diverse. The obtained results for the shear viscosity are in the range of those deduced from an analysis of the experimental elliptic flow in ultrarelativistic heavy-ions collisions, i.e., in terms the viscosity-to-entropy ratio, $1/4\pi \lesssim \eta /S<2.5/4\pi$, in the temperature range from 170 to 440 MeV.

We study nuclear medium effects and the non-isoscalarity correction in the extraction of weak mixing angle sin${}^2{\theta }_W$ using the Paschos-Wolfenstein (PW) relation. The calculations are performed for the iron nucleus. Nuclear medium effects such as Fermi motion, binding, shadowing, and antishadowing corrections and pion and rho meson cloud contributions have been taken into account. Calculations have been performed in the local density approximation by using a relativistic nuclear spectral function which includes nucleon correlations. The results are discussed along with the experimental result inferred by the NuTeV Collaboration. These results may be useful for the ongoing MINER$\nu$A experiment as well as for the proposed NuSOnG experiment.

The reaction $\gamma +p\to K^{+}+\Sigma +\pi$ was used to determine the invariant mass distributions or “line shapes” of the ${\Sigma }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$, ${\Sigma }^{-}{\pi }^{+}$, and ${\Sigma }^0{\pi }^0$ final states, from threshold at 1328 $\mathrm{MeV}/c^2$ through the mass range of the $\Lambda \left(1405\right)$ and the $\Lambda \left(1520\right)$. The measurements were made with the CLAS system at Jefferson Lab using tagged real photons, for center-of-mass energies $1.95<W<2.85$ GeV. The three mass distributions differ strongly in the vicinity of the $I=0$ $\Lambda \left(1405\right)$, indicating the presence of substantial $I=1$ strength in the reaction. Background contributions to the data from the ${\Sigma }^0\left(1385\right)$ and from $K^{*}\Sigma$ production were studied and shown to have negligible influence. To separate the isospin amplitudes, Breit-Wigner model fits were made that included channel-coupling distortions due to the $N\overline{K}$ threshold. A best fit to all the data was obtained after including a phenomenological $I=1$, $J^P=1/2^{-}$ amplitude with a centroid at $1394\pm 20$ $\mathrm{MeV}/c^2$ and a second $I=1$ amplitude at $1413\pm 10$ $\mathrm{MeV}/c^2$. The centroid of the $I=0$ $\Lambda \left(1405\right)$ strength was found at the $\Sigma \pi$ threshold, with the observed shape determined largely by channel coupling, leading to an apparent overall peak near 1405 $\mathrm{MeV}/c^2$.

Excited states in ${}^{17}$C were investigated through the measurement of $\beta$-delayed neutrons and $\gamma$ rays emitted in the $\beta$ decay of ${}^{17}$B. In the measurement, three negative-parity states and two inconclusive states were identified in ${}^{17}$C above the neutron threshold energy, and seven $\gamma$ lines were identified in a $\beta$-delayed multiple neutron emission of the ${}^{17}$B $\beta$ decay. From these transitions, the $\beta$-decay scheme of ${}^{17}$B was determined. In particular, a de-excitation 1766-keV $\gamma$ line from the first excited state of ${}^{16}$C was observed in coincidence with the emitted $\beta$-delayed neutrons, and this changes the previously reported $\beta$-decay scheme of ${}^{17}$B and level structure of ${}^{17}$C. In the present work, the $\beta$-NMR technique is combined with the $\beta$-delayed particle measurements using a fragmentation-induced spin-polarized ${}^{17}$B beam. This new scheme allows us to determine the spin parity of $\beta$-decay feeding excited states based on the difference in the discrete $\beta$-decay asymmetry parameters, provided the states are connected through the Gamow-Teller transition. In this work, $I^{\pi }=1/2^{-}$, $3/2^{-}$, and ($5/2^{-}$) are assigned to the observed states at $E_{\mathrm{x}}=$ 2.71(2), 3.93(2), and 4.05(2) MeV in ${}^{17}$C, respectively.