Angular distributions of ${}^7\mathrm{Li}+{}^{11}$B elastic scattering were measured at $E_{\mathrm{lab}}{(}^7\mathrm{Li})=9.85$, 13.3, 18.3, 23.3, and 28.3 MeV within the angular range of ${\theta }_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.}\approx {15}^{\circ }$–${80}^{\circ }$. Optical model potentials have been extracted from these angular distributions and the data available in the literature at $E_{\mathrm{lab}}{(}^7\mathrm{Li})=34$ MeV and $E_{\mathrm{lab}}{(}^{11}\mathrm{B})=44$ MeV to study the gross influences of intricate coupling effects varying with the reaction energy. With fixed geometrical shapes, the strengths of both real and imaginary potentials show a linear decrease with increasing energy, which is different from previous observations.

$T=0$ states of ${}^{96}$Cd, ${}^{94}$Ag, and ${}^{92}$Pd are studied by using the nucleon-pair approximation and the JUN45 interaction for the $p_{1/2}{p}_{3/2}{f}_{5/2}{g}_{9/2}$ shell. We focus on the approximation of isoscalar spin-aligned pairs in a single-$j$ $1g_{9/2}$ shell. Configurations associated with the $2p_{1/2}$ and $2p_{3/2}$ orbits are investigated in a number of cases. For the yrast $0^{+}$ and $2^{+}$ states in ${}^{96}$Cd and ${}^{92}$Pd, the contribution from $S$ and $D$ nucleon pairs (i.e., $T=1$ spin-zero and spin-two pairs) is studied. The “level-inversion” isomerism in ${}^{96}$Cd and ${}^{94}$Ag is discussed.

In this paper we improve previous formulas of one-nucleon separation energies in terms of $N/Z$ [K. Vogt, T. Hartmann, and A. Zilges, Phys. Lett. B 517, 255 (2001)] by considering corrections related to the symmetry energy and refined pairing interactions. The linear correlation between separation energies and valence nucleon numbers, which was found to be locally applicable, is unified by our formulas.

We bring the EKRT framework, which combines perturbative QCD (pQCD) minijet production with gluon saturation and hydrodynamics, to next-to-leading order (NLO) in pQCD as rigorously as possible. We chart the model uncertainties, and study the viability and predictive power of the model in the light of the RHIC and LHC measurements in central $A+A$ collisions. In particular, we introduce a new set of measurement functions to define the infrared- and collinear-safe minijet transverse energy, $E_T$, in terms of which we formulate the saturation. We update the framework with the EPS09 NLO nuclear parton distributions (nPDFs), and study the propagation of the nPDF uncertainties into the computed $E_T$, saturation scales, and the final-state multiplicities. The key parameters, which need to be fixed using the measurements, are identified, and their correlation is discussed. We convert the saturated minijet $E_T$ into QCD-matter initial conditions for longitudinally boost-invariant ideal hydrodynamics. We compute the charged-particle multiplicities and identified bulk hadron $p_T$ spectra in 5$\%$ most central Au+Au collisions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and Pb+Pb at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). We obtain an encouragingly good agreement with the experimental data, simultaneously at RHIC and LHC, showing that the approach has a definite predictive power.

The half-life of the superallowed Fermi ${\beta }^{+}$ emitter ${}^{18}$Ne has been determined to $\pm 0.07\%$ precision by counting 1042 keV delayed $\gamma$ rays that follow approximately $8\%$ of all $\beta$ decays. The deduced half-life, $T_{1/2}=1.6648\left(11\right)$ s, includes a $0.7\%$ correction that accounts for systematic losses associated with rate-dependent detector pulse pileup that was determined using a recently developed $\gamma$-ray photopeak-counting technique. This result is a factor of two times more precise than, and in excellent agreement with, a previous lower-statistics measurement that employed the same experimental setup. High-resolution $\beta$-delayed $\gamma$-ray spectroscopy results for the relative $\gamma$-ray intensities and $\beta$-decay branching ratios to excited states in the daughter ${}^{18}$F are also presented.

Background: The calculation of the hyperon binding energy in hypernuclei is crucial to understanding the interaction between hyperons and nucleons.

Purpose: We assess the relative importance of two- and three-body hyperon-nucleon force by studying the effect of the hyperon-nucleon-nucleon interaction in closed shell $\Lambda$ hypernuclei from A = 5 to 91.

Methods: The $\Lambda$ binding energy has been calculated using the auxiliary field diffusion Monte Carlo method for the first time, to study light and heavy hypernuclei within the same model.

Results: Our results show that including a three-body component in the hyperon-nucleon interaction leads to a saturation of the $\Lambda$ binding energy remarkably close to the experimental data. In contrast, the two-body force alone gives an unphysical limit for the binding energy.

Conclusions: The repulsive contribution of the three-body hyperon-nucleon-nucleon force is essential to reproduce, even qualitatively, the binding energy of hypernuclei in the mass range considered.

We find the height of the third fission barrier $B_{\mathrm{III}}$ and energy of the third minimum $E_{\mathrm{III}}$ in ${}^{232}$Th using the macroscopic-microscopic model, which is very well tested in this region of nuclei. For the first time it is done on an eight-dimensional deformation hypercube. The dipole distortion is included among the shape variables to ensure that no important shapes are missed. The saddle point is found on a lattice containing more than $50\times {10}^6$ points by the immersion water flow method. The shallow third minimum, $B_{\mathrm{III}}-E_{\mathrm{III}}\approx 0.36$ MeV, agrees with the experimental data of Blons et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 35, 1749 (1975)]. This is in sharp contrast with the status of the third minima in ${}^{232-236}$U: their experimental depth of $\ge 3$ MeV contradicts all realistic theoretical predictions. We emphasize the importance of repeating the experiment on ${}^{232}$Th, by a technique similar to that used in the uranium nuclei, for settling the puzzle of the third minima in actinides.

In this paper we study the proton-neutron interaction of nuclei in the $sd$ shell by using the shell model. The isoscalar proton-neutron interactions of the shell model results are found to be consistent with those empirically extracted by the double difference of binding energies. We point out that there exists an additional binding energy for both even-even and odd-odd nuclei, and both these energies lead to the odd-even staggering for $\delta V_{1\mathrm{p}-1\mathrm{n}}$. We also study the possible origin of the anomaly of proton-neutron interactions.

The formalism of the nucleon-pair approximation with conserved isospin is developed. In this version of the pair-truncated shell model, the building blocks of the configuration space are collective nucleon pairs with conserved spin and isospin. Analytic expressions are obtained for the matrix elements of one- and two-body interactions in the nucleon-pair basis as well as the overlaps between states. We show that the pair approximation with isospin symmetry is useful to study quartet correlations in self-conjugate nuclei.

Following a recent Rapid Communication [Jian-You Guo, Phys. Rev. C 85, 021302(R) (2012)], we present more details on the investigation of the relativistic symmetry by the use of the similarity renormalization group. By comparing the contributions of the different components in the diagonal Dirac Hamiltonian to the pseudospin splitting, we have found that two components of the dynamical term make a similar influence on the pseudospin symmetry. The same case also appears in the spin-orbit interactions. Further, we have checked the influences of every term on the pseudospin splitting and their correlations with the potential parameters for all the available pseudospin partners. The result shows that the spin-orbit interactions always play a role in favor of the pseudospin symmetry, and whether the pseudospin symmetry is improved or destroyed by the dynamical term relating the shape of the potential as well as the quantum numbers of the state. The reason why the pseudospin symmetry becomes better for the levels closer to the continuum is disclosed.

A systematic nucleus-nucleus potential is proposed based on an optical model analysis of angular distributions of differential cross sections of ${}^6$Li and ${}^7$Li elastic scattering from targets with $A\ge 40$ with incident energies between 5 and 40 MeV/nucleon. A single-folding model based on the Bruyères Jeukenne-Lejeune-Mahaux (JLMB) model nucleon-nucleus potentials was used. Systematics in energy dependence of the potential parameters were obtained. This systematics was found to give reasonable account for both elastic scattering and total reaction cross sections for projectiles with mass numbers up to $A\sim 40$, including both stable and unstable nuclei, for incident energies from the vicinity of the Coulomb barrier to about 100 MeV/nucleon.

Jet-medium interactions are studied via a multihadron correlation technique (called “$2+1$”), where a pair of back-to-back hadron triggers with large transverse momentum is used as a proxy for a di-jet. This work extends the previous analysis for nearly symmetric trigger pairs with the highest momentum threshold of trigger hadron of 5 GeV$/c$ with the new calorimeter-based triggers with energy thresholds of up to 10 GeV and above. The distributions of associated hadrons are studied in terms of correlation shapes and per-trigger yields on each trigger side. In contrast with di-hadron correlation results with single triggers, the associated hadron distributions for back-to-back triggers from central $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ data at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV show no strong modifications compared to $d+\text{Au}$ data at the same energy. An imbalance in the total transverse momentum between hadrons attributed to the near-side and away-side of jetlike peaks is observed. The relative imbalance in the $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ measurement with respect to $d+\text{Au}$ reference is found to increase with the asymmetry of the trigger pair, consistent with the expectation from medium-induced energy-loss effects. In addition, this relative total transverse momentum imbalance is found to decrease for softer associated hadrons. Such evolution indicates that the energy missing at higher associated momenta is converted into softer hadrons.

The structure of dynamically generated states is studied from a viewpoint of the finite-volume effect. We establish the relation between the mean distance between constituents inside a stable bound state and the finite-volume mass shift. In a single-channel scattering model, this relation is shown to be valid for a bound state dominated by the two-body molecule component. We generalize this method to the case of a quasibound state with finite width in coupled-channel scattering. We define the real-valued mean distance between constituents inside the resonance in a given closed channel using the response to the finite-volume effect on the channel. Applying this method to physical resonances we find that $\Lambda \left(1405\right)$ and $f_0\left(980\right)$ are dominated by the $\overline{K}N$ and $K\overline{K}$ scattering states, respectively, and that the distance between $\overline{K}N$ ($K\overline{K}$) inside $\Lambda \left(1405\right)$ [$f_0\left(980\right)$] is $1.7$–$1.9\text{fm}$ ($2.6$–$3.0\text{fm}$). The root-mean-squared radii of $\Lambda \left(1405\right)$ and $f_0\left(980\right)$ are also estimated from the mean distance between constituents.

The dipole strength in the nucleus ${}^{196}$Pt was investigated using two different experimental methods. The photon spectrum from the deexcitation of a state after cold neutron capture in ${}^{195}$Pt is influenced by the dipole strength and nuclear level density in ${}^{196}$Pt as is the $\gamma$-ray spectrum from photon scattering on ${}^{196}$Pt. In a combined analysis of data from the research reactor in Budapest and the bremsstrahlung facility at the ELBE accelerator in Dresden, the geant4 code was used to calculate detector response and efficiency. Also the influence of non-nuclear scattered photons was determined and allows us to take into account the continuum of unresolved states. The statistical code $\gamma$dex was used to estimate branching ratios and compare simulated and experimental spectra. Using information from both experiments it was possible to obtain a temperature parameter of 600 keV for the constant temperature level density model. For the dipole strength a small extra strength over the tail of the giant dipole resonance in the region below the neutron separation energy was found.

Using the framework of nuclear energy density functionals we examine the conditions for single-nucleon localization and formation of cluster structures in finite nuclei. We propose to characterize localization by the ratio of the dispersion of single-nucleon wave functions to the average internucleon distance. This parameter generally increases with mass and describes the gradual transition from a hybrid phase in light nuclei, characterized by the spatial localization of individual nucleon states that leads to the formation of cluster structures, toward the Fermi liquid phase in heavier nuclei. Values of the localization parameter that correspond to a crystal phase cannot occur in finite nuclei. Typical length and energy scales in nuclei allow the formation of liquid drops, clusters, and halo structures.

Within the quasiparticle random-phase approximation (QRPA) we achieve partial restoration of the isospin symmetry and hence fulfillment of the requirement that the $2\nu \beta \beta$ Fermi matrix element $M_F^{2\nu }$ vanishes, as it should, unlike in the previous version of the method. This is accomplished by separating the renormalization parameter $g_{pp}$ of the particle-particle proton-neutron interaction into isovector and isoscalar parts. The isovector parameter $g_{pp}^{T=1}$ needs to be chosen to be essentially equal to the pairing constant $g_{\mathrm{pair}}$, so no new parameter is needed. For the $0\nu \beta \beta$ decay the Fermi matrix element $M_F^{0\nu }$ is substantially reduced, while the full matrix element $M^{0\nu }$ is reduced by $\approx$10$\%$. We argue that this more consistent approach should be used from now on in the proton-neutron QRPA and in analogous methods.

The isoscalar and isovector particle densities in the effective surface approximation to the average binding energy are used to derive analytical expressions of the surface symmetry energy, the neutron skin thickness, and the isovector stiffness of sharp-edged proton-neutron asymmetric nuclei. For most Skyrme forces the isovector coefficients of the surface energy and of the stiffness are significantly different from the empirical values derived in the liquid drop model. Using the analytical isovector surface energy constants in the framework of the hydrodynamical and the Fermi-liquid droplet models, the mean energies and the sum rules of the isovector giant dipole resonances are found to be in fair agreement with the experimental data.

A method for extracting nuclear $g$ factors from the attenuation coefficients $G_k$ ($k=2$,4) of $\gamma$-ray angular distributions or particle-$\gamma$ angular correlations measured with the recoil-in-vacuum (RIV) technique is presented. The method uses time-dependent Monte Carlo simulations for $G_k$ as a function of the $g$ factor for a given nuclear lifetime. It is based on atomic-structure calculations from first principles using the grasp2k code by Jönsson et al. [Comput. Phys. Commun. 177, 597 (2007)]. The simulations are compared with results of RIV measurements for the first excited states ($2_1^{+}$) in ${}^{122,126,130,132}$Te. The choice of the electronic configurations and the effect of the charge-state distributions on $G_k$ are discussed. New $2_1^{+}$ $g$-factor values are obtained. These are compared with nuclear-model calculations.

Background: ${}^{11}$Li is one of the most studied halo nuclei. The fusion of ${}^{11}$Li with ${}^{208}$Pb is the subject of a number of theoretical studies with widely differing predictions, ranging over four orders of magnitude, for the fusion excitation function.

Purpose: The purpose was to measure the excitation function for the ${}^{11}$Li $+$ ${}^{208}$Pb reaction.

Methods: A stacked foil and degrader assembly of ${}^{208}$Pb targets was irradiated with a ${}^{11}$Li beam producing center-of-target beam energies from above-barrier to near-barrier energies (40–29 MeV). The intensity of the ${}^{11}$Li beam (chopped) was 1250 particles/s and the beam on-target time was 34 h. The $\alpha$ decay of the stopped evaporation residues (EVRs) was detected in an $\alpha$-detector array at each beam energy in the beam-off period (the beam was on for $\le$5 ns and then off for 170 ns).

Results: The observed nuclidic yields of ${}^{212/215}$At and ${}^{214}$At are consistent with being produced in the complete fusion of ${}^{11}$Li with ${}^{208}$Pb. The observed yields of ${}^{213}$At appear to be the result of the breakup of ${}^{11}$Li into ${}^9\text{Li}+2n$, with the ${}^9$Li fusing with ${}^{208}$Pb. The magnitudes of the total fusion cross sections are substantially less than most theoretical predictions.

Conclusions: It is possible to measure the EVR production cross sections resulting from the interaction of ${}^{11}$Li with ${}^{208}$Pb using current-generation radioactive beam facilities. Both complete fusion and breakup fusion processes occur in the interaction of ${}^{11}$Li with ${}^{208}$Pb. An important breakup process leads to the fusion of the ${}^9$Li fragment with ${}^{208}$Pb.

Isomeric yield ratios for the ${}^{119}$Te, ${}^{121}$Te, ${}^{123}$Te, ${}^{127}$Te, and ${}^{129}$Te nuclei were obtained in $(\gamma ,n)$ reactions with bremsstrahlung endpoint energies ranging from 10 to 22 MeV in steps of 0.5 MeV. Experimental isomeric ratios were used to calculate the cross sections of ${(\gamma ,n)}^m$ reactions, which were further compared with talys-1.4 calculations.