We investigate regularities exhibited in the deviations of predicted nuclear masses based on a few popular theoretical models such as the Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov approach, the Duflo-Zuker model, the finite range droplet model, and the Weizsäcker-Skyrme model, in comparison with the results compiled in the AME2012 database. We point out odd-even staggerings in these deviations. Empirical consideration of these staggerings is useful in reducing the deviations of these theoretical models from experimental data.

Linear polarization and angular correlations of $\gamma$-rays depopulating excited states in the neutron-deficient nucleus ${}_{44}^{94}{\mathrm{Ru}}_{50}$ have been measured, enabling firm spin-parity assignments for several excited states in this nucleus. The deduced multipolarities of strong transitions in the yrast structure were found to be mostly of stretched $M1$, $E1$, and $E2$ types and, in most cases, in agreement with previous tentative assignments. The deduced multipolarity of the 1869 keV and the connecting 257 and 1641 keV transitions indicates that the state at 6358 keV excitation energy has spin parity ${12}_1^{-}$ rather than ${12}_3^{+}$ as proposed in previous works. The presence of a ${12}_1^{-}$ state is interpreted within the framework of large-scale shell-model calculations as a pure proton-hole state dominated by the $\pi (p_{1/2}^{-1}\otimes g_{9/2}^{-5})$ and $\pi (p_{3/2}^{-1}\otimes g_{9/2}^{-5})$ configurations. A new positive-parity state is observed at 6103 keV and is tentatively assigned as ${12}_2^{+}$. The ${14}_1^{-}$ state proposed earlier is reassigned as ${13}_4^{-}$ and is interpreted as being dominated by neutron particle-hole core excitations. The strengths of several $E1$ transitions have been measured and are found to provide a signature of core-excited configurations.

We consider heavy mesons with charm and bottom in nuclear medium. We construct an effective Lagrangian with axial-vector coupling including $1/M$ corrections for the heavy-meson mass $M$ by following the velocity-rearrangement invariance. As an application, we consider heavy mesons, $\overline{D}$ and ${\overline{D}}^{*}$ mesons for charm and $B$ and $B^{*}$ mesons for bottom, bound in nuclear matter, and we discuss their in-medium masses modified by the interaction with nucleons via pion exchanges including the $1/M$ corrections. The mass modifications are affected by the gluon dynamics in nuclear medium. By comparison with the heavy-quark effective theory, we find that the effects of scale anomaly are suppressed in nuclear medium. We also find that the contributions from the chromoelectric gluon are enhanced in nuclear medium, while those from the chromomagnetic gluon are reduced. We propose to use heavy mesons as probes to research the gluon fields in nuclear medium in experimental studies.

The total cross section of the ${}^{10}$B($p$,$\gamma$)${}^{11}$C reaction has been measured for bombarding proton energies between 2.0 and 6.0 MeV in 500 keV steps for the first time. This reaction is important for potential next-generation boron fueled nuclear reactors. The total cross section was measured by activating a ${}^{10}$B target with protons and, after stopping the beam, detecting the 511 keV $\gamma$ rays emitted from the ${\beta }^{+}$ decay of ${}^{11}$C, using two LaBr${}_3$:Ce detectors. In addition to the total cross sections, astrophysical $S$ factors were also calculated at each energy.

We examine the general nature of nuclear odd-even mass differences by employing neutron and proton mass relations that emphasize these effects. The most recent mass tables are used. The possibility of a neutron excess dependence of the staggering is examined in detail in separate regions defined by the main nuclear shells, and a clear change in this dependency is found at $Z=50$ for both neutrons and protons. A further separation into odd and even neutron (proton) number produces very accurate local descriptions of the mass differences for each type of nucleons. These odd-even effects are combined into a global phenomenological expression, ready to use in a binding energy formula. The results deviate from previous parametrizations, and in particular found to be significantly superior to a recent two term, $A^{-1}$ dependence.

The world data on yields and ratios of different ${\rm Y}$ states created in hadron collisions at $\sqrt{s}=19\text{--}8000$ GeV are examined in a systematic way. We derive that the ratios of ${\rm Y}\left(2S\right)/{\rm Y}\left(1S\right)$ and ${\rm Y}\left(3S\right)/{\rm Y}\left(1S\right)$ are $0.290\pm 0.007(\mathrm{stat}.)\pm 0.014(\mathrm{syst}.)$ and $0.131\pm 0.005(\mathrm{stat}.)\pm 0.003(\mathrm{syst}.)$, respectively, for $p+p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=200$ GeV. A small energy dependence of these ratios is observed within the broad collision energies. In addition, the rapidity, transverse momentum, and transverse mass dependence of these ratios are also reported.

The energies of symmetric nuclear matter and neutron matter are evaluated in the lowest-order Brueckner theory using a chiral effective field theory potential including effects of a three-nucleon force (3NF). The 3NF is first reduced to a density-dependent nucleon-nucleon ($NN$) force by folding with single-nucleon degrees of freedom in infinite matter. Adding the reduced $NN$ force to the initial $NN$ force and applying a partial-wave expansion, $G$-matrix calculations are performed in pure neutron matter as well as in symmetric nuclear matter. A saturation curve which is close to the empirical one is obtained. It is explicitly shown that the cutoff-energy dependence of the calculated energies is substantially reduced by including the 3NF. Characteristics of 3NF contributions in separate spin and isospin channels are discussed. Calculated energies of neutron matter are very similar to those employed in the literature for considering neutron star properties.

Energies of the ground, $\beta$ and $\gamma$ bands as well as the associated $B\left(E2\right)$ values are determined for each even-even isotope of the ${}^{180-196}$Pt chain by the exact solutions of some differential equations which approximate the generalized Bohr-Mottelson Hamiltonian. The emerging approaches are called the sextic and spheroidal approach (SSA), the sextic and Mathieu approach (SMA), the infinite square well and spheroidal approach (ISWSA), and the infinite square well and Mathieu approach (ISWMA). While the first three methods were formulated in some earlier papers, ISWMA is an unedited approach of this work. Numerical results are compared with those obtained with the so-called X(5) and Z(5) models. A contour plot for the probability density as function of the intrinsic dynamic deformations is given for a few states of the three considered bands with the aim of evidencing the shape evolution along the isotope chain and pointing out possible shape coexistence.

The isoscalar giant monopole resonance (GMR) in Sn isotopes and other nuclei is investigated in the framework of the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics (IQMD) model. The spectrum of GMR is calculated by taking the rms radius of a nucleus as its monopole moment. The peak energy, the FWHM, and the strength of the GMR extracted by a Gaussian fit to the spectrum have been studied. The GMR peak energies for Sn isotopes from the calculations using a mass-number-dependent Gaussian wave-packet width ${\sigma }_r$ for nucleons are found to be overestimated and show a weak dependence on the mass number compared with the experimental data. However, it is found that experimental data of the GMR peak energies for ${}^{56}$Ni, ${}^{90}$Zr, and ${}^{208}$Pb as well as Sn isotopes can be nicely reproduced after taking into account the isospin dependence in isotope chains in addition to the mass-number dependence of ${\sigma }_r$ for nucleons in the IQMD model calculation.

The density profiles of around 750 nuclei are analyzed using the Skyrme energy density functional theory. Among them, more than 350 nuclei are found to be deformed. In addition to rather standard properties of the density, we report a nontrivial behavior of the nuclear diffuseness as the system becomes more and more deformed. Besides the geometric effects expected in a rigid body, the diffuseness acquires a rather complex behavior leading to a reduction of the diffuseness along the main axis of deformation simultaneously with an increase of the diffuseness along the other axis. The possible isospin dependence of this polarization is studied. This effect, which is systematically seen in medium and heavy nuclei, can affect the nuclear dynamical properties. A quantitative example is given with the fusion barrier in the ${}^{40}$Ca+${}^{238}$U reaction.

We give an interpretation of the $u$ and $d$ quarks contributions to the nucleon electromagnetic form factors for values of the four-momentum transfer in the multi-GeV region where flavor separated data have been recently made available. The data show, in particular, a suppression of $d$ quarks with respect to $u$ quarks at large momentum transfer. This trend can be explained using a reggeized diquark model calculation of generalized parton distributions, thus providing a correlation between momentum and coordinate spaces, both of which are necessary to interpret the partonic substructure of the form factors. We extend our discussion to the second moments of generalized parton distributions which are believed to contribute to partonic angular momentum.

Currently the half-life of ${}^{195}$Os is listed as unknown in most databases because the value of the only available measurement had been reassigned. We argue that the original assignment is correct and reevaluate the half-life of ${}^{195}$Os to be 6.5(11) min, consistent with the original measurement. We also suggest reassigning the half-life of ${}^{195}$Ir to 2.29(17) h.

The potential of light nuclei, such as deuteron, tritium, and helium isotopes, are studied using a noncritical holographic QCD model constructed in the six-dimensional anti–de Sitter (${\mathrm{AdS}}_6$) supergravity background. The nucleus potentials are considered as a sum of the nucleon-nucleon potentials. The nucleon-meson coupling constants evaluated from the noncritical holography QCD model are used to obtain these potentials. The potential of both ground state and available excited states of these nuclei are well studied using this model. The binding energy of nuclei has been estimated. Also, the excited energy for the nuclei are roughly calculated. There is good agreement between the noncritical holography model results and the experimental data.

Double differential cross sections of neutrons from $d+{}^{63,65}$Cu reactions have been measured at deuteron energies of 6 and 7.5 MeV. The cross sections measured at backward angles have been compared to theoretical calculations in the framework of the statistical Hauser-Feshbach model. Three different level density models were tested: the Fermi-gas model, the Gilbert-Cameron model, and the microscopic approach through the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov method (HFBM). The calculations using the Gilbert-Cameron model are in best agreement with our experimental data. Level densities of the residual nuclei ${}^{64}$Zn and ${}^{66}$Zn have been obtained from statistical neutron evaporation spectra. The angle-integrated cross sections have been analyzed with the exciton model of nuclear reaction.

In this paper we generalize the Garvey-Kelson mass relations and investigate their deviations from experimental data. We observe a few interesting odd-even staggerings exhibited in these mass relations. Such odd-even staggerings reflect subtle features of neutron-proton interactions. Consideration of these staggerings improves the accuracy of mass relations. A Taylor expansion of nuclear masses provides us with a clue to construct new mass relations.

Background: In one way or another, all modern parametrizations of the nuclear energy density functional (EDF) do not respect the exchange symmetry associated with Pauli's principle. It has been recently shown that this practice jeopardizes multireference (MR) EDF calculations by contaminating the energy with spurious self-interactions that, for example, lead to finite steps or even divergences when plotting it as a function of collective coordinates [J. Dobaczewski et al., Phys. Rev. C 76, 054315 (2007); D. Lacroix et al., Phys. Rev. C 79, 044318 (2009)]. As of today, the only viable option to bypass these pathologies is to rely on EDF kernels that enforce Pauli's principle from the outset by strictly and exactly deriving from a genuine, i.e., density-independent, Hamilton operator.

Purpose: The objective is to build cutting-edge parametrizations of the EDF kernel deriving from a pseudopotential that can be safely employed in symmetry restoration and configuration mixing calculations.

Methods: We wish to develop the most general Skyrme-like EDF parametrization containing linear, bilinear, and trilinear terms in the density matrices with up to two gradients, under the key constraint that it derives strictly from an effective Hamilton operator. While linear and bilinear terms are obtained from a standard one-body kinetic energy operator and a (density-independent) two-body Skyrme pseudopotential, the most general three-body Skyrme-like pseudopotential containing up to two gradient operators is constructed to generate the trilinear part. The present study is limited to central terms. Spin orbit and tensor will be addressed in a forthcoming paper.

Results: The most general central Skyrme-type zero-range three-body interaction is built up to second order in derivatives. The complete trilinear EDF, including time-odd and $T=1$ pairing parts, is derived along with the corresponding normal and anomalous fields entering the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov equations of motion. Its building blocks are the same local densities that the standard Skyrme functional is constructed from. The central three-body pseudopotential is defined out of six independent parameters. Expressions for bulk properties of symmetric, isospin-asymmetric, and spin-polarized homogeneous nuclear matter, as well as associated Landau parameters, are given.

Conclusions: This study establishes a first step towards a new generation of nuclear EDFs that respect Pauli's principle and that can be safely used in predictive and spuriosity-free SR and MR EDF calculations.

To study the influence of breakup on fusion of ${}^{16}\mathrm{O}$ projectile with ${}^{115}\text{In}$ target, a well-established activation technique has been employed to measure the excitation functions at low incident energies. The analysis of the present study has been carried out in the framework of the statistical model code pace4. The corrected yields after precursor contribution subtraction for all the measured $\mathit{p}$$\mathit{x}$$\mathit{n}$ channels were consistent with the theoretical predictions and attributed to the complete fusion processes. However, a significant enhancement in the measured excitation functions of $\alpha$-emitting channels was observed and assigned to the incomplete fusion of the projectile. The estimated incomplete fusion fraction has been used to study the effect of several entrance channel parameters on incomplete fusion reaction dynamics.

We develop a field-theoretic model for the description of the proton Compton scattering in which the proton and its excited state, the ${\Delta }^{+}$ resonance, are described as parts of one multiplet with a single Rarita-Schwinger wave function. To describe the observed phenomena, it is necessary to incorporate both minimal and nonminimal couplings. The minimal coupling reflects the fact that the ${\Delta }^{+}$ is a charged particle, and in this model the minimal coupling contributes also to the $\gamma N\Delta$ magnetic transition. The nonminimal couplings consist of five electromagnetic form factors, which are accessed at fixed and vanishing momentum transfer squared with real photons in the Compton scattering experiments, therefore it is possible to extract a somewhat well-determined set of optimal parameters which fit the data in the resonance region 140–450 MeV reasonably well. The crucial parameter which determines the $\gamma N\Delta$ transition amplitude and therefore the height of the resonance peak is equal to $1.83\pm 0.03$, in units of ${\mu }_N$. We find that this parameter is also the primary determinant of the contributions to the magnetic polarizability in this model. In the low-energy region up to 140 MeV, we separately fit the electric and magnetic polarizabilities while keeping the other parameters fixed, and obtain values in line with previous approaches. In addition to proton Compton scattering, the model is applicable to a broad range of processes in the few hundred MeV energy range, whenever the proton appears in some intermediate off-shell state.

Previous experimental results based on data ($\sim$$15\times {10}^6$ events) collected by the STAR detector at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider suggest event-by-event charge-separation fluctuations perpendicular to the event plane in noncentral heavy-ion collisions. Here we present the correlator previously used split into its two component parts to reveal correlations parallel and perpendicular to the event plane. The results are from a high-statistics 200-GeV Au + Au collisions data set ($57\times {10}^6$ events) collected by the STAR experiment. We explicitly count units of charge separation from which we find clear evidence for more charge-separation fluctuations perpendicular than parallel to the event plane. We also employ a modified correlator to study the possible $\mathcal{P}$-even background in same- and opposite-charge correlations, and find that the $\mathcal{P}$-even background may largely be explained by momentum conservation and collective motion.

Predictions for the two-photon exchange (TPE) correction to the unpolarized $ep$ elastic cross section, obtained within two different approaches, are confronted and discussed in detail. In the first one the TPE correction is extracted from experimental data by applying the Bayesian neural network statistical framework. In the other the TPE is given by box diagrams, with the nucleon and the $P_{33}$ resonance as the hadronic intermediate states. Two different form factor parametrizations for both the proton and the $P_{33}$ resonance are taken into consideration. Proton form factors are obtained from the global fit of the full model (with the TPE correction) to the unpolarized cross-section data. Predictions of the two methods agree well in the intermediate $Q^2$ range of $1\text{–}3$ GeV${}^2$. Above $Q^2=3$ GeV${}^2$ the agreement is at the $2\sigma$ level. Below $Q^2=1$ GeV${}^2$ the consistency between the two approaches is broken. The values of the proton radius extracted within the models are given. In both cases predictions for the VEPP-3 experiment have been obtained and confronted with the preliminary experimental results.