Poles of partial wave scattering matrices in hadron spectroscopy have recently been established as a sole link between experiment and QCD theories and models. Karlsruhe-Helsinki (KH) partial wave analyses have been “above the line” in the Review of Particle Physics (RPP) for over three decades. The RPP compiles Breit-Wigner (BW) parameters from local BW fits, but give only a limited number of pole positions using speed plots (SP). In the KH method only Mandelstam analyticity is used as a theoretical constraint, so these partial wave solutions are as model independent as possible. They are a valuable source of information. It is unsatisfactory that BW parameters given in the RPP have been obtained from the KH80 solution, while pole parameters have been obtained from the KA84 version. To remedy this, we have used a newly developed Laurent + Pietarinen expansion method to obtain pole positions for all partial waves for KH80 and KA84 solutions. We show that differences from pole parameters are, with a few exceptions, negligible for most partial waves. We give a full set of pole parameters for both solutions.

Measurements are presented by the CMS Collaboration at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) of the higher-order harmonic coefficients that describe the azimuthal anisotropy of charged particles emitted in $\sqrt{s_{\mathit{NN}}}=2.76$ TeV PbPb collisions. Expressed in terms of the Fourier components of the azimuthal distribution, the $n=3$–6 harmonic coefficients are presented for charged particles as a function of their transverse momentum ($0.3<p_{\mathrm{T}}<8.0\mathrm{GeV}/c$), collision centrality (0%–70%), and pseudorapidity ($\left|\eta \right|<2.0$). The data are analyzed using the event plane, multiparticle cumulant, and Lee-Yang zeros methods, which provide different sensitivities to initial-state fluctuations. Taken together with earlier LHC measurements of elliptic flow ($n=2$), the results on higher-order harmonic coefficients develop a more complete picture of the collective motion in high-energy heavy-ion collisions and shed light on the properties of the produced medium.

Gamow-Teller transitions from the ${}^{14}\mathrm{N}$ ground state to the ${}^{14}\mathrm{C}$ ground and excited states were investigated, based on the model of antisymmetrized molecular dynamics. The calculated strengths for the allowed transitions to the $0^{+}$, $1^{+}$, and $2^{+}$ states of ${}^{14}\mathrm{C}$ were compared with the experimental data measured by high-resolution charge-exchange reactions. The calculated GT transition to the $2_1^{+}$ state is strong while those to the $0_{2,3}^{+}$ and $2_{2,3}^{+}$ states having dominant $2\hslash \omega$ excited configurations are relatively weak. The present calculation cannot describe the anonymously long lifetime of ${}^{14}\mathrm{C}$, though the strength of the ${}^{14}\mathrm{C}$ ground state is somewhat suppressed because of the cluster (many-body) correlation in the ground states of ${}^{14}\mathrm{C}$ and ${}^{14}\mathrm{N}$.

In this work we introduce a method of measuring low-energy scattering cross section with a gravitational spectrometer. In this method we add atoms (i.e., He) to the gravitational spectrometer filled with a target gas of ultracold neutrons (UCN). We search for long-range forces between atoms and UCN by measuring transfer of a small recoil energy $\sim {10}^{-7}$ eV using the gravitational spectrometer. As a result of this search we set new constraints on the strength of long-range forces within the range of the effective radius of interaction of ${10}^{-7}$–${10}^{-4}$ cm.

The neutron-deficient semimagic (neutron number $N=50$) ${}^{95}\mathrm{Rh}$ nucleus has been produced at high spins using the projectile-target system ${}^{40}\mathrm{Ca}+{}^{58}\mathrm{Ni}$ at 125 MeV beam energy. The $\gamma$-decays of levels populated by the $3p$ fusion evaporation reaction channel were studied using $\gamma \text{−}\gamma$ coincidences, and 20 new $\gamma$-ray transitions involving 15 new positive- and negative-parity states were observed. Spin and parity for many of the excited states were firmly deduced for the first time using the combined directional angular correlation and direction-polarization techniques. The observed structures are discussed within the framework of large-scale shell model calculations. $E1$ transition strengths were deduced and used together with the results of the shell model calculations to study the contribution of different particle-hole configurations, in particular for analyzing contributions from core-excited configurations.

The magnetic dipole ($M1$) and the Gamow-Teller (GT) excitations of finite nuclei have been studied in a fully self-consistent Hartree-Fock (HF) plus random phase approximation (RPA) approach by using the Skyrme energy density functionals with spin and spin-isospin densities. To this end, we adopt the extended interactions which include spin-density dependent terms and stabilize nuclear matter with respect to spin instabilities. The effect of the spin-density dependent terms is examined in the spin-flip excited state calculations. The numerical results show that those terms give appreciable repulsive contributions to the $M1$ and GT response functions of finite nuclei.

In a simple model, I have calculated energy splittings and wave functions of low-lying states in ${}^{14}\mathrm{Be}$. Data from $2n$ decays of $2^{+}$ states allow estimates of the ($sd$)${}^4$ admixtures in the predominantly ($sd$)${}^2$ states. I demonstrate that the first $2^{+}$ state is predominantly of $ds$ structure, not $dd$ as recently claimed.

Measurements of the midrapidity transverse-energy distribution, $d{E}_T/d\eta$, are presented for $p+p$, $d+\mathrm{Au}$, and $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathit{NN}}}=200$ GeV and additionally for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathit{NN}}}=62.4$ and 130 GeV. The $d{E}_T/d\eta$ distributions are first compared with the number of nucleon participants $N_{\mathrm{part}}$, number of binary collisions $N_{\mathrm{coll}}$, and number of constituent-quark participants $N_{qp}$ calculated from a Glauber model based on the nuclear geometry. For $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$, $\langle d{E}_T/d\eta \rangle /N_{\mathrm{part}}$ increases with $N_{\mathrm{part}}$, while $\langle d{E}_T/d\eta \rangle /N_{qp}$ is approximately constant for all three energies. This indicates that the two-component ansatz, $d{E}_T/d\eta \propto (1-x)N_{\mathrm{part}}/2+x{N}_{\mathrm{coll}}$, which was used to represent $E_T$ distributions, is simply a proxy for $N_{qp}$, and that the $N_{\mathrm{coll}}$ term does not represent a hard-scattering component in $E_T$ distributions. The $d{E}_T/d\eta$ distributions of $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $d+\mathrm{Au}$ are then calculated from the measured $p+p$ $E_T$ distribution using two models that both reproduce the $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ data. However, while the number-of-constituent-quark-participant model agrees well with the $d+\mathrm{Au}$ data, the additive-quark model does not.

A new QCD calculation of the mass of the nucleon is presented. It makes use of a polynomial kernel in the dispersion integrals tailored to practically eliminate the contribution of the unknown $1/2^{+}$ and $1/2^{-}$ continuum. This approach avoids the arbitrariness and instability attached to the Borel kernel used in previous sum rules calculations. Our method yields stable results for the nucleon mass and coupling for standard values of the condensates. The prediction of the nucleon mass in the chiral limit is $m_N=(830\pm 50)$ MeV. When the nucleon sigma terms are added this gives $M_N=990\pm 50$ MeV, which leaves little room for a large strangeness content of the nucleon.

The electric dipole moments for the lowest $1/2^{+}$ states of Xe and Ba isotopes are calculated in terms of the nuclear shell model, which includes two-body nucleon interactions violating parity and time-reversal invariance. Using the wave functions thus obtained, the nuclear electric dipole moments arising from the intrinsic nucleon electric dipole moments and also from asymmetric charge distribution are calculated. The upper limits for the nuclear electric dipole moments of Xe and Ba isotopes are estimated.

We report a direct measurement of the $Q_{\beta \beta }$ value of the neutrinoless double-$\beta$-decay candidate ${}^{48}\mathrm{Ca}$ at the TITAN Penning-trap mass spectrometer, with the result that $Q_{\beta \beta }=4267.98\left(32\right)\text{keV}$. We measured the masses of both the mother and daughter nuclides, and in the latter case found a 1 keV deviation from the literature value. In addition to the $Q_{\beta \beta }$ value, we also present results of a new calculation of the neutrinoless double-$\beta$-decay nuclear matrix element of ${}^{48}\mathrm{Ca}$. Using diagrammatic many-body perturbation theory to second order to account for physics outside the valence space, we constructed an effective shell-model double-$\beta$-decay operator, which increased the nuclear matrix element by about 75% compared with that produced by the bare operator. The new $Q_{\beta \beta }$ value and matrix element strengthen the case for a ${}^{48}\mathrm{Ca}$ double-$\beta$-decay experiment.

It is suggested that the full nucleus-nucleus potential consists of the macroscopic and shell-correction parts. The deep sub-barrier fusion hindrance takes place in a nucleus-nucleus system with a strong negative shell-correction contribution to the full heavy-ion potential, while a strong positive shell-correction contribution to the full potential leads to weak enhancement of the deep sub-barrier fusion cross section.

We report the first measurement of target single spin asymmetries ($A$${}_N$) in the inclusive hadron production reaction, $e+{}^3{\text{He}}^{\uparrow }\to h+X$, using a transversely polarized ${}^3$He target. The experiment was conducted at Jefferson Lab in Hall A using a 5.9-GeV electron beam. Three types of hadrons (${\pi }^{\pm }$, $K^{\pm }$, and proton) were detected in the transverse hadron momentum range 0.54 $<p_T<$ 0.74 GeV/c. The range of $x_F$ for pions was $-$0.29 $<x_F<$ $-$0.23 and for kaons was $-$0.25 $<x_F<$ $-$0.18. The observed asymmetry strongly depends on the type of hadron. A positive asymmetry is observed for ${\pi }^{+}$ and $K^{+}$. A negative asymmetry is observed for ${\pi }^{-}$. The magnitudes of the asymmetries follow $|A^{{\pi }^{-}}|<|A^{{\pi }^{+}}|<|A^{K^{+}}|$. The K${}^{-}$ and proton asymmetries are consistent with zero within the experimental uncertainties. The ${\pi }^{+}$ and ${\pi }^{-}$ asymmetries measured for the ${}^3$He target and extracted for neutrons are opposite in sign with a small increase observed as a function of $p_T$.

The charge-exchange excitations in nuclei are studied within the fully self-consistent proton-neutron quasiparticle random-phase approximation using the finite-range Gogny interaction. No additional parameters beyond those included in the effective nuclear force are included. Axially symmetric deformations are consistently taken into account, both in the description of the ground-states and spin-isospin excitations. We focus on the isobaric analog and Gamow-Teller resonances. A comparison of the predicted strength distributions to the existing experimental data is presented and the role of nuclear deformation analyzed. The Gamow-Teller strength is used to estimate the ${\beta }^{-}$-decay half-life of nuclei for which experimental data exist. A satisfactory agreement with experimental half-lives is found and justifies the additional study of the exotic neutron-rich $N=82$, 126, and 184 isotonic chains of relevance for the $r$-process nucleosynthesis.

We study the superdeformed (SD) states and corresponding SD hypernuclei of Ar isotopes with the multidimensionally constrained relativistic mean field (MDC-RMF) models, which can accommodate various shape degree of freedom. We found that the density profiles of SD states in Ar isotopes show a strong localization with a ring structure near the surface, while the central part of the density is dilute, showing a hole structure. This localization of SD density induces an appreciable deformation in the hyperon wave function and results in a large overlap between the core and the hyperon in the SD hypernuclei of Ar isotopes. Then the $\Lambda$ separation energy of the SD state becomes larger than that of a normally deformed or spherical ground state. This feature is different from that found in other nuclei such as ${}^{32}$S, ${}^{56}$Ni, and ${}^{60}$Zn in which the $\Lambda$ separation energy of larger deformed state is smaller. In this context, the measurement of the $\Lambda$ separation energy may provide important information on the localization of the density profile of SD states.

High-spin level structures of the near-spherical nuclei ${}^{91,92}$Zr have been reinvestigated via the ${}^{82}$Se(${}^{13}$C, $xn$) $(x=4,3)$ reactions at a beam energy of 44 MeV. By the use of in-beam spectroscopic methods, 13 new transitions belonging to ${}^{91}$Zr and 19 to ${}^{92}$Zr have been observed and the level schemes of ${}^{91,92}$Zr have been extended up to $E_x\approx$ 11 MeV excitation energy. The newly constructed level schemes are characterized by the ${}^{88}$Sr core breaking, and the proton $p_{3/2}\text{−}{p}_{1/2}$ energy gap in ${}^{92}$Zr is obviously reduced compared with ${}^{91}$Zr when one more neutron goes into the $(d_{5/2}/g_{7/2})$ orbital.

This paper reports NMR measurements of the magnetic dipole moments of two high-$K$ isomers, the 37/2${}^{-}$, 51.4 m, 2740 keV state in ${}^{177}\mathrm{Hf}$ and the $8^{-}$, 5.5 h, 1142 keV state in ${}^{180}\mathrm{Hf}$ by the method of on-line nuclear orientation. Also included are results on the angular distributions of $\gamma$ transitions in the decay of the ${}^{177}\mathrm{Hf}$ isotope. These yield high precision $E2/M1$ multipole mixing ratios for transitions in bands built on the 23/2${}^{+}$, 1.1 s, isomer at 1315 keV and on the 9/2${}^{+}$, 0.663 ns, isomer at 321 keV. The new results are discussed in the light of the recently reported finding of systematic dependence of the behavior of the $g_R$ parameter upon the quasiproton and quasineutron make up of high-$K$ isomeric states in this region.

I analyze the pion femtoscopy correlations in noncentral Au-Au and Pb-Pb collisions. The azimuthally sensitive Hanbury-Brown-Twiss (HBT) method is used to extract the interferometry radii depending on the azimuthal angle with respect to the second- and third-order event plane. The results are in semiquantitative agreement with the STAR collaboration data on the HBT radii with respect to the second-order reaction plane, with the preliminary PHENIX collaboration data on the HBT radii with respect to the third-order reaction plane in Au-Au collisions at 200 GeV, and with the preliminary ALICE collaboration data for the HBT radii with respect to the second-order event plane for Pb-Pb collisions at $2.76$ TeV.

Inelastic $\alpha$-scattering excitation cross sections are calculated for electric-dipole excitations in ${}^{124}\mathrm{Sn}$ based on the transition densities obtained from the relativistic quasiparticle time-blocking approximation (RQTBA) in the framework of a semiclassical model. The calculation provides the missing link to directly compare the results from the microscopic RQTBA calculations to recent experimental data measured via the $(\alpha ,{\alpha }^{\prime }\gamma )$ reaction, which show a structural splitting of the low-lying $E1$ strength often denoted as pygmy dipole resonance (PDR). The experimentally observed splitting is reproduced by the cross-section calculations, which allows us to draw conclusion on the structure of the PDR.