The $pp\to n{K}^{+}{\Sigma }^{+}\left(1385\right)$ reaction is a very good isospin $3/2$ filter for studying ${\Delta }^{++*}$ resonance decaying to $K^{+}{\Sigma }^{+}\left(1385\right)$. Within the effective Lagrangian method, we investigate the $\Sigma \left(1385\right)$ (spin parity $J^P=3/2^{+})$ hadronic production in the ${\pi }^{+}p\to K^{+}{\Sigma }^{+}\left(1385\right)$ and $pp\to n{K}^{+}{\Sigma }^{+}\left(1385\right)$ reactions. For the ${\pi }^{+}p\to K^{+}{\Sigma }^{+}\left(1385\right)$ reaction, in addition to the “background” contributions from $t$-channel $K^{*0}$ exchange and $u$-channel $\Lambda \left(1115\right)$ and ${\Sigma }^0\left(1193\right)$ exchange, we also consider the contribution from the $s$-channel ${\Delta }^{*}\left(1940\right)$ resonance, which has significant coupling to the $K\Sigma \left(1385\right)$ channel. We show that the inclusion of the ${\Delta }^{*}\left(1940\right)$ resonance leads to a fairly good description of the low-energy experimental total cross section data of ${\pi }^{+}p\to K^{+}{\Sigma }^{+}\left(1385\right)$ reaction. Basing on the study of the ${\pi }^{+}p\to K^{+}{\Sigma }^{+}\left(1385\right)$ reaction and with the assumption that the excitation of ${\Delta }^{*}\left(1940\right)$ resonance dominates the $pp\to n{K}^{+}{\Sigma }^{+}\left(1385\right)$ reaction, we calculate the total and differential cross sections of the $pp\to n{K}^{+}{\Sigma }^{+}\left(1385\right)$ reaction. It is shown that the new experimental data support the important role played by the ${\Delta }^{*}\left(1940\right)$ resonance with a mass in the region of 1940 MeV and a width of around 200 MeV. We also demonstrate that the invariant mass distribution and the Dalitz plot provide direct information of the ${\Sigma }^{+}\left(1385\right)$ production, which can be tested by future experiments.

We analyze the experimental data on the inclusive double-differential cross section by neutrinos charged current, measured by T2K, with the same model which was successful for the MiniBooNE quasielastic cross sections. As in our previous analysis the multinucleon component is needed in order to reproduce the data. For the total cross section, our evaluation is smaller than the SciBooNE data above 1 GeV. This indicates the opening of a new channel not included in our evaluation, presumably the two-pion-emission channel. We also check that our description holds for the exclusive single-pion-production channel by confronting our evaluation with the MiniBooNE double-differential cross section for a single charged pion and the $Q^2$ distribution. Both are compatible with the data.

We describe and apply a version of the finite amplitude method for obtaining the charge-changing nuclear response in the quasiparticle random-phase approximation. The method is suitable for calculating strength functions and beta-decay rates, both allowed and forbidden, in axially-deformed open-shell nuclei. We demonstrate the speed and versatility of the code through a preliminary examination of the effects of tensor terms in Skyrme functionals on beta decay in a set of spherical and deformed open-shell nuclei. Like the isoscalar pairing interaction, the tensor terms systematically increase allowed beta-decay rates. This finding generalizes previous work in semimagic nuclei and points to the need for a comprehensive study of time-odd terms in nuclear density functionals.

We analyze the neutron-nucleus total reaction cross sections for all the available experimental data, in the energy range from about 10 MeV to 400 GeV. We obtain simple scaling laws proved to be valid over all the energy ranges studied and for stable nuclei of the whole mass number region. Moreover, the proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus total reaction cross sections are studied for all the available experimental data in the energy range from 1 GeV to 400 GeV and from $1A$ GeV to $20A$ GeV, respectively. We show that the scaling laws found for proton(nucleus)-nucleus total reaction cross sections, for energies less than 1 GeV, in our previous works [B. Abu-Ibrahim and A. Kohama, Phys. Rev. C 81, 057601 (2010); B. Abu-Ibrahim, Phys. Rev. C 83, 044615 (2011)], are still valid in this energy region. The uncertainty of the prediction of the scaling laws is about $10\%$. Our findings, which are consistent with previously obtained results, are useful to predict total reaction cross sections for reactions involving nuclei with mass numbers larger than 8, and over a large energy scale.

The possibilities of production of the doubly magic nucleus ${}^{100}\mathrm{Sn}$ in complete fusion and quasifission reactions with stable and radioactive ion beams are investigated within a dinuclear system model. The excitation functions for production of the exotic nuclei ${}^{100-103}\mathrm{Sn}$ and ${}^{112,114}\mathrm{Ba}$ via $xn$, $pxn$, $\alpha xn$, and ${}^{12,14}\mathrm{C}xn$ emission channels are predicted for future experiments.

Structure with the lowest energy observed in the ${}^{10}\mathrm{He}$ spectrum populated in the proton knockout reaction with a ${}^{11}\mathrm{Li}$ beam has a peak at $1.2\text{to}1.5$ MeV. This peak is usually interpreted as a resonant $0^{+}$ ground state of ${}^{10}\mathrm{He}$. Our theoretical calculations indicate that this peak is likely to be a superposition of $1^{-}$, $0^{+}$, and $2^{+}$ excitations with very similar shapes. Moreover, the “soft” $1^{-}$ excitation appears to be the lowest in energy. Such an anomalous continuum response is traced to the halo structure of ${}^{11}\mathrm{Li}$ providing an extreme low energy shift to all the expected continuum excitations. Competition between effects on the spectrum of the initial-state structure and of the final-state interaction and three-body correlations in ${}^{10}\mathrm{He}$ are discussed. The analogous effect of an extreme low-energy shift could also be expected in other cases of $2n$ emitters populated in reactions with halo nuclei. A simplified example of the ${}^{10}\mathrm{He}$ spectrum in $\alpha$ knockout from ${}^{14}\mathrm{Be}$ is given. We also discuss limits on the properties of ${}^9\mathrm{He}$ stemming from the observed ${}^{10}\mathrm{He}$ spectrum.

Fission fragment angular distribution in heavy-ion-induced fission reactions is of particular importance. Transition state theory is provided to determine the angular distribution of fission fragments which includes standard saddle-point statistical and standard scission-point statistical models. The standard saddle-point statistical model was not able to reproduce the experimental fission fragment angular anisotropies for several heavy-ion-induced fission systems. In contrast to the standard saddle-point model, the standard scission-point statistical model was fairly successful in the prediction of angular anisotropy in heavy-ion-induced fission reaction systems with an anomalous behavior in angular anisotropy of fission fragments, but this model is not widely used as the standard saddle-point statistical model. In this research, a generalized model is introduced for the prediction of fission fragments angular anisotropy in the heavy-ion-induced fission reaction systems having an anomalous behavior. For this purpose, we study the ${}^{14}\mathrm{N},{}^{16}\mathrm{O},{}^{19}\mathrm{F}+{}^{232}\mathrm{Th};{}^{16}\mathrm{O},{}^{19}\mathrm{F}+{}^{238}\mathrm{U};{}^{24}\mathrm{Mg},{}^{28}\mathrm{Si},{}^{32}\mathrm{S}+{}^{208}\mathrm{Pb};{}^{32}\mathrm{S}+{}^{197}\mathrm{Au}$; and ${}^{16}\mathrm{O}+{}^{248}\mathrm{Cm}$ reaction systems. Finally, it is shown that the presented model is much more successful than previous models.

Exclusive neutral-pion electroproduction $(ep\to e^{\prime }{p}^{\prime }{\pi }^0)$ was measured at Jefferson Lab with a 5.75-GeV electron beam and the CLAS detector. Differential cross sections $d^4\sigma /dtd{Q}^{2}d{x}_{B}d{\varphi }_{\pi }$ and structure functions ${\sigma }_T+\epsilon {\sigma }_L,{\sigma }_{TT}$, and ${\sigma }_{LT}$ as functions of $t$ were obtained over a wide range of $Q^2$ and $x_B$. The data are compared with Regge and handbag theoretical calculations. Analyses in both frameworks find that a large dominance of transverse processes is necessary to explain the experimental results. For the Regge analysis it is found that the inclusion of vector meson rescattering processes is necessary to bring the magnitude of the calculated and measured structure functions into rough agreement. In the handbag framework, there are two independent calculations, both of which appear to roughly explain the magnitude of the structure functions in terms of transversity generalized parton distributions.

The $L$-dependent potential barriers that govern the ${}^8\mathrm{Be}$ and ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$ formation and decay through quasimolecular shapes have been determined using a generalized liquid-drop model and adjusted to reproduce the experimental $Q$ value. For the ternary channel of ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$, the energies of prolate linear chain configurations and oblate triangular configurations of three $\alpha$ particles have been compared. The triangular shape with three $\alpha$ nuclei in contact allows the experimental rms radius and the negative quadrupole moment of the ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$ ground state to be reproduced. The difference between the energies of the minima in the prolate and oblate ternary shape paths is very close to the energy of the excited Hoyle state of the ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$ nucleus.

A measurement of event-plane correlations involving two or three event planes of different order is presented as a function of centrality for 7 $\mu {\mathrm{b}}^{-1}$ $\mathrm{Pb}+\mathrm{Pb}$ collision data at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{\mathit{NN}}}}=2.76$ TeV, recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. Fourteen correlators are measured using a standard event-plane method and a scalar-product method, and the latter method is found to give a systematically larger correlation signal. Several different trends in the centrality dependence of these correlators are observed. These trends are not reproduced by predictions based on the Glauber model, which includes only the correlations from the collision geometry in the initial state. Calculations that include the final-state collective dynamics are able to describe qualitatively, and in some cases also quantitatively, the centrality dependence of the measured correlators. These observations suggest that both the fluctuations in the initial geometry and the nonlinear mixing between different harmonics in the final state are important for creating these correlations in momentum space.

The $J/\psi$ $p_T$ spectrum and nuclear modification factor ($R_{\mathit{AA}}$) are reported for $p_T<5\mathrm{GeV}/c$ and $\left|y\right|<1$ from 0% to 60% central $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200\mathrm{GeV}$ at STAR. A significant suppression of $p_T$-integrated $J/\psi$ production is observed in central $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ events. The $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ data are consistent with no suppression, although the precision is limited by the available statistics. $R_{\mathit{AA}}$ in $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ collisions exhibits a strong suppression at low transverse momentum and gradually increases with $p_T$. The data are compared to high-$p_T$ STAR results and previously published BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider results. Comparing with model calculations, it is found that the invariant yields at low $p_T$ are significantly above hydrodynamic flow predictions but are consistent with models that include color screening and regeneration.

We discuss the general features of the electromagnetic radiation from a thermal hadronic gas as constrained by chiral symmetry. The medium effects on the electromagnetic spectral functions and the partial restoration of chiral symmetry are quantified in terms of the pion densities. The results are compared with the electromagnetic radiation from a strongly interacting quark-gluon plasma in terms of the leading gluon condensate operators. We use the spectral functions as constrained by the emission rates to estimate the electric conductivity, the light flavor susceptibility and diffusion constant across the transition from the correlated hadronic gas to a strongly interacting quark-gluon plasma.

The ${}^{14}\mathrm{O}\left(\alpha ,p\right){}^{17}\mathrm{F}$ reaction is one of the key reactions involved in the breakout from the hot-CNO cycle to the rp-process in type-I x-ray bursts (XRBs). The resonant properties in the compound nucleus ${}^{18}\mathrm{Ne}$ have been investigated through resonant elastic scattering of ${}^{17}\mathrm{F}+p$. The radioactive ${}^{17}\mathrm{F}$ beam was separated by the Center for Nuclear Study radioactive ion beam separator (CRIB) and bombarded a thick ${\mathrm{H}}_2$ gas target at 3.6 MeV/nucleon. The recoiling light particles were measured by three $\Delta E\text{−}E$ silicon telescopes at laboratory angles of ${\theta }_{\mathrm{lab}}\approx 3{}^{\circ },10{}^{\circ }$, and $18{}^{\circ }$. Five resonances at $E_x=6.15$, 6.28, 6.35, 6.85, and 7.05 MeV were observed in the excitation functions, and their spin-parities have been determined based on an $R$-matrix analysis. In particular, $J^{\pi }=1^{-}$ was firmly assigned to the 6.15-MeV state which dominates the thermonuclear ${}^{14}\mathrm{O}\left(\alpha ,p\right){}^{17}\mathrm{F}$ rate below 2 GK. As well, a possible new excited state in ${}^{18}\mathrm{Ne}$ was observed at $E_x=6.85\pm 0.11$ MeV with tentative $J=0$ assignment. This state could be the analog state of the 6.880 MeV $\left(0{}^{-}\right)$ level in the mirror nucleus ${}^{18}\mathrm{O}$, or a bandhead state $\left(0{}^{+}\right)$ of the six-particle four-hole (6p-4h) band. A new thermonuclear ${}^{14}\mathrm{O}\left(\alpha ,p\right){}^{17}\mathrm{F}$ rate has been determined, and the astrophysical impact of multiple recent rates has been examined using an XRB model. Contrary to previous expectations, we find only a modest impact on predicted nuclear energy generation rates from using reaction rates differing by up to several orders of magnitude.

Elliptic flow of direct photons in high-energy heavy-ion collisions has been a topic of great interest since it was experimentally found to be larger than most hydrodynamic expectations. I discuss the implication of possible late formation of the quark component in a hot QCD medium on the photon elliptic flow, because quarks are the source of thermal photons in the deconfined phase. Hydrodynamic equations are numerically solved with the evolution equations for quark and gluon number densities. The numerical results suggest that thermal photon $v_2$ is visibly enhanced by the slow chemical equilibration of quarks and gluons, reducing the aforementioned problem.

We study the transport dynamics of momenta deposited from jets in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. Assuming that the high-energy partons traverse expanding quark-gluon fluids and are subject to lose their energy and momentum, we simulate dijet asymmetric events by solving relativistic hydrodynamic equations numerically without linearization in the fully $\left(3+1\right)$-dimensional coordinate. Mach cones are formed and strongly broadened by radial flow of the background medium. As a result, the yield of low-$p_T$ particles increases at large angles from the jet axis and compensates the dijet momentum imbalance inside the jet cone. This provides an intimate link between the medium excitation by jets and results in dijet asymmetric events observed by the CMS Collaboration.

The ${}^{112,120}\mathrm{Sn}\left(\gamma ,{\gamma }^{\prime }\right)$ reactions below the neutron separation energies have been studied at the superconducting Darmstadt electron linear accelerator S-DALINAC for different endpoint energies of the incident bremsstrahlung spectrum. Dipole strength distributions are extracted for ${}^{112}\mathrm{Sn}$ up to 9.5 MeV and for ${}^{120}\mathrm{Sn}$ up to 9.1 MeV. A concentration of dipole excitations is observed between 5 and 8 MeV in both nuclei. Missing strength due to unobserved decays to excited states is estimated in a statistical model. A fluctuation analysis is applied to the photon scattering spectra to extract the amount of the unresolved strength hidden in the background due to fragmentation. The strength distributions are discussed within different model approaches such as the quasiparticle-phonon model and the relativistic time blocking approximation, allowing for an inclusion of complex configurations beyond the initial particle-hole states. While a satisfactory description of the fragmentation can be achieved for sufficiently large model spaces, the predicted centroids and total electric dipole strengths for stable tin isotopes strongly depend on the assumptions about the underlying mean field.

It has been revealed through numerical calculations that the second random phase approximation (SRPA) with the Hartree-Fock solution as its reference state results in 1. spurious states at genuinely finite energy, contrary to common expectation, and 2. unstable solutions, which within the first-order random phase approximation correspond to real low-energy collective vibrations. In the present work, these shortcomings of SRPA are shown to not contradict Thouless' theorem about the energy-weighted sum rule, and their origin is traced to the violation of the stability condition. A more general theorem is proven. Formal arguments are elucidated through numerical examples. Implications for the validity of the SRPA are discussed.

We present a basis selection method for truncated shell-model calculations. In this method, the correlated basis is constructed with the eigenvectors of the Hamiltonian that is diagonalized in each partition of the shell model. A truncation scheme is established by naturally taking the low-lying correlated-basis vectors in different partitions, which is equivalent to the $jj$-coupling scheme of the shell model when all the correlated-basis vectors are considered. The results are compared with standard shell-model calculations. The convergence properties of the correlated-basis method are discussed.

The ground-state spins and parities of the odd-$A$ phosphorus isotopes ${}^{25-47}P$ are studied with the relativistic mean-field (RMF) model and relativistic elastic magnetic electron-scattering theory (REMES). Results of the RMF model with the NL-SH, TM2, and NL3 parameters show that the $2s_{1/2}$ and $1d_{3/2}$ proton level inversion may occur for the neutron-rich isotopes ${}^{37-47}P$, and, consequently, the possible spin-parity values of ${}^{37-47}P$ may be ${\frac{3}{2}}^{+}$, which, except for ${}^{47}\mathrm{P}$, differs from those given by the NUBASE2012 nuclear data table by Audi et al. Calculations of the elastic magnetic electron scattering of ${}^{37-47}P$ with the single valence proton in the $2s_{1/2}$ and $1d_{3/2}$ state show that the form factors have significant differences. The results imply that elastic magnetic electron scattering can be a possible way to study the $2s_{1/2}$ and $1d_{3/2}$ level inversion and the spin-parity values of ${}^{37-47}P$. The results can also provide new tests as to what extent the RMF model, along with its various parameter sets, is valid for describing the nuclear structures. In addition, the contributions of the upper and lower components of the Dirac four-spinors to the form factors and the isotopic shifts of the magnetic form factors are discussed.