The proton elastic scattering of ${}^{9,10,11,12}\mathrm{Be}$ isotopes at a wide energy range from 3 to 200 MeV/nucleon is analyzed using the optical model with the partial-wave expansion method. The microscopic optical potential (OP) is taken within the single-folded model. The density- and isospin-dependent M3Y-Paris nucleon-nucleon ($NN$) interaction is used for the real part and the $NN$-scattering amplitude of the high-energy approximation is used for the imaginary one. The surface contribution to the imaginary part is included. The analysis reveals that the partial-wave expansion with this microscopic OP reproduces well the basic scattering observables at energies up to 100 MeV/nucleon. For higher energies, the eikonal approximation with the same OP gives results better than the partial-wave expansion calculations. The volume integrals of the OP parts have systematic energy dependencies, and they are parameterized in empirical formulas. In addition, the volume integral's parametrizations determine the true energy dependence for the depths of the OP parts. The study of increasing the number of neutrons for a given isotope shows that the imaginary volume integrals and reaction cross sections depend on the matter radii of the scattered nuclei. Further, they are found to have larger values for the halo nucleus scattering (${}^{11}\mathrm{Be}+p$) than those for the scattering of their isotopes.

Background: The ${}^3\mathrm{He}(\alpha ,\gamma ){}^7\mathrm{Be}$ reaction is of critical importance in determining the flux of solar neutrinos through the $pp$-II and $pp$-III chains. For this reason and others, the description of the cross section and its extrapolation towards low-energy has always been a matter of intense debate. While large systematic differences have been present in the past, several recent measurements are all in excellent statistical agreement.

Purpose: The convergence of the recent individual experimental measurements of the ${}^3\mathrm{He}(\alpha ,\gamma ){}^7\mathrm{Be}$ reaction prompts a global analysis of the reaction data. From the combined data, a more precise estimate of the low-energy cross section can be determined.

Results: A global $R$-matrix fit is used to describe the ${}^3\mathrm{He}(\alpha ,\gamma ){}^7\mathrm{Be}$ data as well as scattering data over a similar energy range. The $R$-matrix fit is then subjected to a Monte Carlo analysis to extract the uncertainties on the cross section and corresponding reaction rate.

Conclusion: By combining several recent measurements of the ${}^3\mathrm{He}(\alpha ,\gamma ){}^7\mathrm{Be}$ reaction, the combined data yield a zero energy $S$ factor of $S\left(0\right)=0.542\pm 0.011\left(\text{MC}\text{fit}\right)\pm 0.006{\left(\text{model}\right)}_{-0.011}^{+0.019}\left(\text{phase}\text{shifts}\right)$ keV b. This gives a total uncertainty in $S\left(0\right)$ of $+0.023/-0.017$ keV b.

The excited states of odd-odd ${}^{82}\mathrm{As}$ are studied in the $\beta$ decay of ${}^{82}\mathrm{Ge}$. An isotopically pure beam of ${}^{83}\mathrm{Ga}$ was produced at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility using a resonance ionization laser ion source and high-resolution electromagnetic separation. The atoms of ${}^{82}\mathrm{Ge}$ are created after $\beta$-delayed neutron emission in the decay of ${}^{83}\mathrm{Ga}$. The number of ${}^{82}\mathrm{Ge}$ atoms is found by normalization to the 1348-keV $\gamma$ ray. Detailed analysis of the decay scheme is compared with shell-model calculations with several commonly used $fpg$ shell interactions.

The structure of finite nuclei is investigated by employing an interaction model which is based on the low-momentum interaction $V_{\mathrm{low}k}$. It is supplemented by a density-dependent contact interaction fitted to reproduce the saturation properties of infinite nuclear matter within the Hartree-Fock approach. The calculations of finite nuclei are performed in a basis of plane waves discretized in a Cartesian box of appropriate size. As a first example, the structure of Ne isotopes ranging from ${}^{18}\mathrm{Ne}$ to the neutron drip line is considered. Rather good agreement is obtained for the bulk properties of these nuclei without any free parameter. The basis is also appropriate for describing other deformed nuclei and the transition from discrete nuclei to homogeneous matter which is supposed to occur in the crust of neutron stars.

A large number of complete fusion excitation functions of reactions including the breakup channel were measured in recent decades, especially in the last few years. It allows us to investigate the systematic behavior of the breakup effects on the complete fusion cross sections. To this end, we perform a systematic study of the breakup effects on the complete fusion cross sections at energies above the Coulomb barrier. The reduced fusion functions $F\left(x\right)$ are compared with the universal fusion function which is used as a uniform standard reference. The complete fusion cross sections at energies above the Coulomb barrier are suppressed by the breakup of projectiles. This suppression effect for reactions induced by the same projectile is independent of the target and mainly determined by the lowest energy breakup channel of the projectile. A good exponential relation between the suppression factor and the energy corresponding to the lowest breakup threshold is held.

A recently developed particle-hole dispersive optical model is applied to describe the cross sections of photoabsorption, $\text{direct}+\text{semidirect}$ photoneutron and inverse reactions accompanied by excitation of the isovector giant dipole and quadrupole resonances in medium–heavy-mass spherical nuclei. The model is an extension of the standard and nonstandard versions of the continuum-random-phase approximation by including the spreading effect in a phenomenological way. It contains the following ingredients: the Landau–Migdal particle-hole interaction and a phenomenological mean field consistent with this interaction, isovector velocity-dependent forces taken in the simplest form and the imaginary part of an effective single-particle optical-model potential determining the corresponding dispersive part. All the model parameters are taken from the other data and from the description of photoabsorption, while the $\text{direct}+\text{semidirect}$ photoneutron and inverse reactions are described without the use of specific adjustable parameters. Calculation results obtained for a few neutron-closed-shell nuclei are compared with the corresponding experimental data.

A process of nucleus excitation by photons under the mechanism of the inverse electron bridge (IEB) is examined provided the energies of atomic and nuclear transitions coincide. It is shown that in this case, the excitation of nuclei with $EL$ $\left[ML\right]$ transition with the energy ${\omega }_N\lesssim 10\mathrm{keV}$ is strengthened relative to the process of photoabsorption by nucleus by a factor of $1/{\left({\omega }_N{r}_0\right)}^{2(L+2)}$ $\left[e^4/{\left({\omega }_N{r}_0\right)}^{2(L+2)}\right]$, where $r_0$ is a typical size of domain in the ion shell for accumulation of electronic integrals. In the ${}^{84}\mathrm{Rb}$ nuclei the IEB cross section for the 3.4 keV $M1$ transition $6^{-}$(463.59 keV) $\leftrightarrow 5^{-}\left(463.59\mathrm{keV}\right)$ can exceed even a photoexcitation cross section for the $3.4\mathrm{keV}E1$ transition with the reduced probability in the Weisskopf model $B_{W.u.}\left(E1\right)=1$. This result can be important for understanding the mechanisms of atomic nucleus excitation in hot plasma. In particular, the considered process is capable to provide the existence of so called gamma luminescence wave or a nuclear isomer “burning” wave—an analog of self-maintaining process of triggered depopulation of nuclear isomer.

We present temperature and baryonic chemical potential dependence of higher-order fluctuations and the correlation between conserved charges in an excluded-volume hadron resonance gas model. Products of moments, such as the ratio of variance to mean, product of skewness and standard deviation, product of kurtosis and variance, for the net proton, net kaon, and net charge have been evaluated on the phenomenologically determined freeze-out curve. Further, products of moments for net proton and net charge have been compared with the experimental data measured by the STAR experiment. The dependence of the model result on the hadronic radius parameter has also been discussed.

We discuss the production of light nuclei in heavy ion collisions within a multiple freezeout scenario. Thermal parameters extracted from the fits to the observed hadron yields are used to predict the multiplicities of light nuclei. Ratios of strange to nonstrange nuclei are found to be most sensitive to the details of the chemical freezeout. The well-known disagreement between data of ${}_{\Lambda }^3\text{H}{/}^3\text{He}$ and $\overline{{}_{\Lambda }^3\text{H}{/}^3\text{He}}$ at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV and models based on thermal as well as simple coalescence using a single chemical freezeout surface goes away when we let the strange and nonstrange hadrons freeze out at separate surfaces. At the CERN Large Hadron Collider energy of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2700$ GeV, multiple freezeout scenario within a thermal model provides a consistent framework to describe the yields of all measured hadrons and nuclei.

The level scheme of the nucleus ${}^{120}\mathrm{Te}$, populated in the reaction ${}^{80}\mathrm{Se}({}^{48}\mathrm{Ca},\alpha 4n)$, was reinvestigated using $\gamma$-ray coincidence data measured with the Gammasphere spectrometer. Previously, five high-spin rotational bands were discovered in this nucleus. The present reinvestigation revealed that the decay of band $b1$ is more complex than suggested in the earlier work and that it cannot be uniquely determined. Furthermore, a number of new transitions are added to the level scheme. The implications for the spin assignments and excitation energies of the five bands and for comparisons with cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations are discussed.

High-precision reduced electric-quadrupole transition probabilities $B(E2;0_1^{+}\to 2_1^{+})$ have been measured from single-step Coulomb excitation of semi-magic ${}^{58,60,62,64}\mathrm{Ni}$ ($Z=28$) beams at 1.8 MeV per nucleon on a natural carbon target. The energy loss of the nickel beams through the carbon target were directly measured with a zero-degree Bragg detector and the absolute $B\left(E2\right)$ values were normalized by Rutherford scattering. The $B\left(E2\right)$ values disagree with recent lifetime studies that employed the Doppler-shift attenuation method. The present high-precision $B\left(E2\right)$ values reveal an asymmetry about ${}^{62}\mathrm{Ni}$, midshell between $N=28$ and 40, with larger values towards ${}^{56}\mathrm{Ni}$ ($Z=N=28$). The experimental $B\left(E2\right)$ values are compared with shell-model calculations in the full $pf$ model space and the results indicate a soft ${}^{56}\mathrm{Ni}$ core.

The lifetimes of the yrast $8^{+}$ and $9^{+}$ states of ${}^{70}\mathrm{As}$ have been measured via the $\gamma$-ray lineshape method following population by the ${}^9\mathrm{Be}{(}^{78}\mathrm{Rb},{}^{70}\mathrm{As})$ reaction at 101.6 MeV/nucleon. The strength of the $E18^{+}\to 7^{-}$ transition is found to be $B\left(E1\right)=1.3\left(5\right)\times {10}^{-5} e^2{\text{fm}}^2$ or $1.2\left(4\right)\times {10}^{-5}$ Weisskopf units (W.u.) while the $9^{+}\to 8^{+} M1$ transition is found to have a strength of $B\left(M1\right)=1.5\left(8\right) {\mu }_N^2$ or $0.85\left(42\right)$ W.u. The implications for the structure of these states is discussed and found to be consistent with an assignment to a $\pi g_{9/2}\nu g_{9/2}$ configuration.

The excitation functions for the production of ${}^{262}\mathrm{Rf},{}^{261}\mathrm{Rf}$, and ${}^{260}\mathrm{Rf}$ isotopes via $4n$-, $5n$-, and $6n$-decay channels from the ${}^{266}{\mathrm{Rf}}^{*}$ compound nucleus are studied within the dynamical cluster-decay model by including ${\beta }_{2i}$ deformations and “hot-optimum” ${\theta }_i$ orientations. For angular momentum effects, both the sticking and nonsticking moments of inertia are considered. For the sticking moment of inertia $I_S$, the $4n$ and $5n$ emission data are addressed nicely by using the nuclear proximity potential Prox-00, whereas the commonly used Prox-77 is found suitable only for the $4n$-decay channel. On the other hand, in the limit of nonsticking moment of inertia $I_{NS}$, both Prox-00 and Prox-77 seem equally suitable to address all the observed neutron-decay channels in the beam energy range $E_{\mathrm{lab}}=88.2$ to 101.3 MeV. In addition to this, the role of proposed superheavy magic shells with proton magic $Z=114$, 120, 126 and neutron magic $N=184$ is also investigated, by using the $I_{NS}$ approach. The relative depth of the minimum in the fragmentation potential, or maximum peaking of the preformation factor, suggests that, among all the three magic $\left(Z,N\right)$ pairs, $Z=126$ and $N=184$ is the strongest superheavy magic shell closure required for analyzing the neutron-decay channels of the ${}^{266}{\mathrm{Rf}}^{*}$ compound nucleus.

At low photon energies, the potential models of nucleus-nucleus bremsstrahlung are based on electric transition multipole operators, which are derived either only from the nuclear current or only from the charge density by making the long-wavelength approximation and using the Siegert theorem. In the latter case, the bremsstrahlung matrix elements are divergent and some regularization techniques are used to obtain finite values for the bremsstrahlung cross sections. From an extension of the Siegert theorem, which is not based on the long-wavelength approximation, a new potential model of nucleus-nucleus bremsstrahlung is developed. Only convergent integrals are included in this approach. Formal links between bremsstrahlung cross sections obtained in these different models are made. Furthermore, three different ways to calculate the regularized matrix elements are discussed and criticized. Some prescriptions for a proper implementation of the regularization are deduced. A numerical comparison between the different models is done by applying them to the $\alpha +\alpha$ bremsstrahlung.

We have measured. the induced polarization of the $\Lambda$(1116) in the reaction $ep\to e^{\prime }{K}^{+}\Lambda$, detecting the scattered $e^{\prime }$ and $K^{+}$ in the final state along with the proton from the decay $\Lambda \to p{\pi }^{-}$. The present study used the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS), which allowed for a large kinematic acceptance in invariant energy $W$ ($1.6\le W\le 2.7$ GeV) and covered the full range of the kaon production angle at an average momentum transfer $Q^2=1.90{\text{GeV}}^2$. In this experiment a 5.50-GeV electron beam was incident upon an unpolarized liquid-hydrogen target. We have mapped out the $W$ and kaon production angle dependencies of the induced polarization and found striking differences from photoproduction data over most of the kinematic range studied. However, we also found that the induced polarization is essentially $Q^2$ independent in our kinematic domain, suggesting that somewhere below the $Q^2$ covered here there must be a strong $Q^2$ dependence. Along with previously published photo- and electroproduction cross sections and polarization observables, these data are needed for the development of models, such as effective field theories, and as input to coupled-channel analyses that can provide evidence of previously unobserved $s$-channel resonances.

By using point-coupling versions of finite-range nuclear relativistic mean-field models containing cubic and quartic self-interactions in the scalar field $\sigma$, a nonrelativistic limit is achieved. This approach allows an analytical expression for the symmetry energy $\left(J\right)$ as a function of its slope $\left(L\right)$ in a unified form, namely, $L=3J+f(m^{*},{\rho }_o,B_o,K_o)$, where the quantities $m^{*},{\rho }_o,B_o$, and $K_o$ are bulk parameters at the nuclear matter saturation density ${\rho }_o$. This result establishes a linear correlation between $L$ and $J$ which is reinforced by exact relativistic calculations. An analogous analytical correlation is also found for $J,L$, and the symmetry energy curvature $\left(K_{\mathrm{sym}}\right)$. Based on these results, we propose graphic constraints in $L\times J$ and $K_{\mathrm{sym}}\times L$ planes that finite-range models must satisfy.

New data on quasifree polarized neutron-proton scattering in the region of the recently observed $d^{*}$ resonance structure are obtained by exclusive and kinematically complete high-statistics measurements with WASA at COSY. This paper details the determination of the beam polarization, checks of the quasifree character of the scattering process, on all obtained $A_y$ angular distributions and on the new partial-wave analysis, which includes the new data producing a resonance pole in ${}^3{D}_3-{}^3{G}_3$ coupled partial waves at ($2380\pm 10-i40\pm 5$) MeV—in accordance with the $d^{*}$ dibaryon resonance hypothesis. The effect of the new partial-wave solution on the description of total and differential cross-section data as well as specific combinations of spin-correlation and spin-transfer observables available from COSY-ANKE measurements at $T_d=2.27$ GeV is discussed.

We present a systematic analysis of the quasielastic scaling functions computed within the relativistic mean field (RMF) theory and we propose an extension of the superscaling approach (SuSA) model based on these results. The main aim of this work is to develop a realistic and accurate phenomenological model (SuSAv2), which incorporates the different RMF effects in the longitudinal and transverse nuclear responses, as well as in the isovector and isoscalar channels. This provides a complete set of reference scaling functions to describe in a consistent way both $(e,e^{\prime })$ processes and the neutrino/antineutrino-nucleus reactions in the quasielastic region. A comparison of the model predictions with electron and neutrino scattering data is presented.

The hypernucleus ${}_{\mathrm{\Lambda \Lambda }}{}^6\mathrm{He}$ is studied as a three-body ($\mathrm{\Lambda \Lambda }\alpha$) cluster system in cluster effective field theory at leading order. We find that the three-body contact interaction exhibits the limit cycle when the cutoff in the integral equations is sent to the asymptotic limit and thus it should be promoted to leading order. We also derive a determination equation of the limit cycle which reproduces the numerically obtained limit cycle. We then study the correlations between the double $\Lambda$ separation energy $B_{\mathrm{\Lambda \Lambda }}^{}$ of ${}_{\mathrm{\Lambda \Lambda }}{}^6\mathrm{He}$ and the scattering length $a_{\mathrm{\Lambda \Lambda }}^{}$ of the $S$-wave $\mathrm{\Lambda \Lambda }$ scattering. The role of the scale in this approach is also discussed.

The random phase approximation (RPA) monopole strength and the unperturbed particle-hole excitation strength are studied, in which the strength in the continuum is properly treated without discretizing unbound particle spectra. The model is the self-consistent Hartree-Fock calculation and the RPA Green's function method with Skyrme interactions. Numerical examples are the Ni isotopes, especially ${}_{28}^{68}{\mathrm{Ni}}_{40}$, in which an experimental observation of a low-lying peak with an appreciable amount of monopole strength at $12.9\pm 1.0$ MeV was recently reported. In the present study it is concluded that sharp monopole peaks with the width of the order of 1 MeV can hardly be expected for ${}^{68}\mathrm{Ni}$ in that energy region. Instead, a broad shoulder of monopole strength consisting of neutron excitations to nonresonant one-particle states (called “threshold strength”) with relatively low angular momenta $(\ell ,j)$ is obtained in the continuum energy region above the particle threshold, which is considerably lower than that of the isoscalar giant monopole resonance. In the case of monopole excitations of ${}^{68}\mathrm{Ni}$ there are no unperturbed particle-hole states below 20 MeV, in which the particle expresses a neutron (or proton) resonant state. It is emphasized that in the theoretical estimate a proper treatment of the continuum is extremely important.