Resonance parameters (pole masses and residues) associated with the excited states of hyperons, ${\mathrm{\Lambda }}^{*}$ and ${\mathrm{\Sigma }}^{*}$, are extracted within a dynamical coupled-channels model developed recently by us [Phys. Rev. C 90, 065204 (2014)] through a comprehensive partial-wave analysis of the $K^{-}p\to \overline{K}N,\pi \mathrm{\Sigma },\pi \mathrm{\Lambda },\eta \mathrm{\Lambda },K\mathrm{\Xi }$ data up to invariant mass $W=2.1$ GeV. We confirm the existence of resonances corresponding to most, if not all, of the four-star resonances rated by the Particle Data Group. We also find several new resonances, and in particular propose a possible existence of a new narrow $J^P=3/2^{+}\mathrm{\Lambda }$ resonance that couples strongly to the $\eta \mathrm{\Lambda }$ channel. The $J^P=1/2^{-}\mathrm{\Lambda }$ resonances located below the $\overline{K}N$ threshold are also discussed. Comparing our extracted pole masses with the ones from a recent analysis by the Kent State University group, some significant differences in the extracted resonance parameters are found, suggesting the need of more extensive and accurate data of $K^{-}p$ reactions including polarization observables to eliminate such an analysis dependence of the resonance parameters. In addition, the determined large branching ratios of the decays of high-mass resonances to the $\pi {\mathrm{\Sigma }}^{*}$ and ${\overline{K}}^{*}N$ channels also suggest the importance of the data of $2\to 3$ reactions such as $K^{-}p\to \pi \pi \mathrm{\Lambda }$ and $K^{-}p\to \pi \overline{K}N$. Experiments on measuring cross sections and polarization observables of these fundamental reactions are highly desirable at hadron beam facilities such as J-PARC for establishing the ${\mathrm{\Lambda }}^{*}$ and ${\mathrm{\Sigma }}^{*}$ spectrum.

The nucleon-nucleon interaction arising from the exchange of three pions and the excitation of $\mathrm{\Delta }\left(1232\right)$ isobars in intermediate states is studied. Approximating the $\mathrm{\Delta }$ propagator by the inverse $\mathrm{\Delta }N$ mass-splitting, analytical expressions are derived for the spectral functions of the isoscalar and isovector central, spin-spin, and tensor $NN$ potentials in momentum-space. A translation of the spectral functions into coordinate-space potentials reveals that the main effect of these specific exchange and excitation mechanisms is a repulsive isoscalar central $NN$ potential.

Excited states of the odd-odd nucleus ${}^{158}\mathrm{Tb}$ have been studied via the ${}^{154}\mathrm{Sm}({}^7\mathrm{Li},3n){}^{158}\mathrm{Tb}$ reaction at a beam energy of 27 MeV. The new level scheme of ${}^{158}\mathrm{Tb}$ involving a positive parity rotational band is established up to excitation energy $\sim 2.3\mathrm{MeV}$ and spin $\sim 17\hslash$. By comparing with the rotational bands in the neighboring nuclei ${}^{157}\mathrm{Tb}$ and ${}^{157}\mathrm{Gd}$, the configuration was tentatively assigned as $\pi d_{5/2}\otimes \nu i_{13/2}$, and the phenomenon of signature inversion is discussed.

Lifetime measurements were made for the $\nu h_{11/2}$ band in ${}^{101}\mathrm{Pd}$, which had been interpreted as a possible antimagnetic rotation band based on the comparison of $I-\omega$ behavior with the calculation of a semiclassical particle-rotor model in our previous study. Doppler broadened line shapes were analyzed for the decaying $\gamma$ rays in the band following the reaction ${}^{68}\mathrm{Zn}({}^{37}\mathrm{Cl},\text{1p3n}){}^{101}\mathrm{Pd}$. The semiclassical particle-rotor model was modified to reproduce both the $I-\omega$ plot and the $B\left(E2\right)$ behavior simultaneously for the antimagnetic rotation bands in Pd and Cd nuclei, for which $B\left(E2\right)$ values had been measured so far. Reasonable agreements between the experiment and the calculation were obtained. It is concluded that the lower part of the $\nu h_{11/2}$ band in ${}^{101}\mathrm{Pd}$ can be interpreted as an antimagnetic rotor.

Background: Information on charge-dependent (i.e., isospin-non-conserving) interactions is extracted from excited states of mirror nuclei.

Purpose: Specifically, the purpose of the study is to extract effective isovector ($V_{pp}-V_{nn}$) interactions which, in general, can either be of Coulomb or nuclear origin.

Methods: A comprehensive shell-model description of isospin-breaking effects is used to fit data on mirror energy differences in the A = 42–54 region. The angular-momentum dependence of isospin-breaking interactions was determined from a systematic study of mirror energy differences.

Results: The results reveal a significant isovector term, with a very strong spin dependence, beyond that expected of a two-body Coulomb interaction.

Conclusions: The isospin-breaking terms that are extracted have a $J$ dependence that is not consistent with the known CSB properties of the bare nucleon-nucleon interaction.

Residual fragment production in reactions induced by ${}^{136}\mathrm{Xe}$ projectiles impinging on a liquid deuterium target at $500A$ MeV has been measured at GSI. Projectile residues were unambiguously identified in atomic and mass numbers using the Fragment Separator as high-resolution zero-degree spectrometer. The isotopic production yields of these residuals were used to benchmark reference model calculations describing spallation reactions. In particular the energy dissipated in these reactions was assessed by comparing the production yields measured in this work with the ones obtained in reactions induced by ${}^{136}\mathrm{Xe}$ projectiles on protons at $1000A$ and $500A$ MeV.

Transverse momentum $\left(P_{\mathrm{T}}\right)$ distributions of projectilelike fragments produced at intermediate energy are investigated. $P_{\mathrm{T}}$ distributions of fragments with mass $A_{\mathrm{F}}=10–37$, produced from an ${}^{40}\mathrm{Ar}$ beam with $E=95\mathrm{MeV}/\mathrm{nucleon}$ and a Be target, are observed as a function of fragment velocity by using the Rikagaku Kenkyusho (RIKEN) Projectile Fragment Separator at RIKEN. The width of $P_{\mathrm{T}}$ distribution $\left({\sigma }_{\mathrm{T}}\right)$ decreases monotonically with longitudinal momentum $\left(P_{\mathrm{L}}\right)$. The decreasing trend shows a clear dependence on fragment mass. The observed ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{T}}$ is analyzed with a linear function and successfully reproduced by a parameter to characterize the decreasing trend. ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{T}}$ at the primary beam velocity shows good agreement with the Goldhaber formula, which is obtained on the basis of the contribution of the Fermi momentum. In contrast, the ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{T}}$ at the center of the $P_{\mathrm{L}}$ distribution as determined by using the fits and parametrized energy loss in the fragmentation process is consistent with the width, which includes an additional contribution from the orbital deflection of the projectile. The antisymmetrized molecular-dynamics calculation indicates that the contribution of impact parameters is an important factor in understanding the behavior of the $P_{\mathrm{T}}$ distribution. In addition, the practical formulation for ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{T}}$ obtained in the present study enables a reliable characterization of the fragments, which would be applicable to various research fields involving, for example, radioactive nuclear beams.

Event-by-event correlations between $v_n$ and ${\varepsilon }_{m,n}$ for different collision centralities are studied with hydrodynamics. For the more central collisions $v_n$ is better correlated with ${\varepsilon }_{m,n}$ defined with relatively larger radial weight power $m$, like $m=n+1$. For the more peripheral collisions, $v_n$ prefers ${\varepsilon }_{m,n}$ with relatively smaller $m$, like $m=n-1$. When the fluid viscosity is large, $v_n$ is better correlated with ${\varepsilon }_{m,n}$ with large $m$. For the most central collisions and for odd harmonics, since anisotropy is solely due to fluctuations, the scaled probability distributions of ${\varepsilon }_{m,n}$ are universal. For noncentral collisions, the scaled probability distributions of ${\varepsilon }_{m,2}$ with different radial weight power $m$ deviate from one another. ${\varepsilon }_{m,2}$ defined with smaller $m$ has a wider scaled distribution and a larger scaled standard deviation, and is more consistent with the scaled $v_2$ distribution after hydrodynamic evolution in peripheral collisions. Hadronic rescattering widens the $v_2$ distribution in noncentral collisions, which contributes to the observed inconsistency between $p\left(v_2\right)$ and $p\left({\varepsilon }_2\right)$ distributions.

We study an exact rotating and expanding solution of the fluid dynamical model of heavy ion reactions, that take into account the rate of slowing down of the rotation due to the longitudinal and transverse expansion of the system. The parameters of the model are set on the basis of realistic 3+1D fluid dynamical calculation at TeV energies, where the rotation is enhanced by the build up of the Kelvin Helmholtz instability in the flow.

A search for the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) critical point was performed by the STAR experiment at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, using dynamical fluctuations of unlike particle pairs. Heavy ion collisions were studied over a large range of collision energies with homogeneous acceptance and excellent particle identification, covering a significant range in the QCD phase diagram where a critical point may be located. Dynamical $K\pi$, $p\pi$, and $Kp$ fluctuations as measured by the STAR experiment in central 0–5% Au + Au collisions from center-of-mass collision energies $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=7.7$ to 200 GeV are presented. The observable ${\nu }_{\mathrm{dyn}}$ was used to quantify the magnitude of the dynamical fluctuations in event-by-event measurements of the $K\pi$, $p\pi$, and $Kp$ pairs. The energy dependences of these fluctuations from central 0–5% Au + Au collisions all demonstrate a smooth evolution with collision energy.

Using imaginary-time formalism, it is shown that the triple-$\alpha$ reaction rate can be reliably calculated without the need to solve scattering problems involving three charged particles. The calculated reaction rate is found to agree well with the empirical NACRE rate, which is widely adopted in stellar evolution calculations. The reason for this is explained using $R$-matrix theory. Extremely slow convergence is found to occur when a coupled-channel expansion is introduced, which helps to explain the very different reaction rates obtained using a coupled-channel approach.

A new method of accessing information on the symmetry free energy from yields of fragments produced in Fermi-energy heavy-ion collisions is proposed. Furthermore, by means of quantum fluctuation analysis techniques, correlations between extracted symmetry free energy coefficients with temperature and density were studied. The obtained results are consistent with those of commonly used isoscaling techniques.

We present a detailed study of a continuum random-phase approximation approach to quasielastic electron-nucleus and neutrino-nucleus scattering. We compare the $\left(e,e\prime \right)$ cross-section predictions with electron scattering data for the nuclear targets ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$, ${}^{16}\mathrm{O}$, and ${}^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$, in the kinematic region where quasielastic scattering is expected to dominate. We examine the longitudinal and transverse contributions to ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}\left(e,e\prime \right)$ and compare them with the available data. We find an overall satisfactory description of the $\left(e,e\prime \right)$ data. Further, we study the ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}\left({\nu }_{\mu },{\mu }^{-}\right)$ cross sections relevant for accelerator-based neutrino-oscillation experiments. We pay special attention to low-energy excitations which can account for non-negligible contributions in measurements, and require a beyond-Fermi-gas formalism.

Using a solitonic model of nuclear matter, the Bogomol'nyi-Prasad-Sommerfield (BPS) Skyrme model, we compare neutron stars obtained in the full field theory, where gravitational backreaction is completely taken into account, with calculations in a mean-field approximation using the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff approach. In the latter case, a mean-field-theory equation of state is derived from the original BPS field theory. We show that in the full field theory, where the energy density is nonconstant even at equilibrium, there is no universal and coordinate-independent equation of state of nuclear matter, in contrast to the mean-field approximation. We also study how neutron star properties are modified by going beyond mean-field theory and find that the differences between mean-field theory and exact results can be considerable. Further, we compare both exact and mean-field results with some theoretical and phenomenological constraints on neutron star properties, demonstrating thus the relevance of our model even in its most simple version.

Nuclear level densities are required for estimating statistical nuclear reaction rates. The shell model Monte Carlo method is a powerful approach for microscopic calculation of state densities in very large model spaces. However, these state densities include the spin degeneracy of each energy level, whereas experiments often measure level densities, in which each level is counted only once. To enable the direct comparison of theory with experiments, we introduce a method to calculate directly the level density in the shell model Monte Carlo approach. The method employs a projection on the minimal absolute value of the magnetic quantum number. We apply the method to nuclei in the iron region and to the strongly deformed rare-earth nucleus ${}^{162}\mathrm{Dy}$. We find very good agreement with experimental data obtained by various methods, including level counting at low energies, charged particle spectra and Oslo method data at intermediate energies, neutron and proton resonance data, and Ericson's fluctuation analysis at higher excitation energies. We also extract a thermal moment of inertia from the ratio between the state density and the level density, and observe that in even-even nuclei it exhibits a signature of a phase transition to a superconducting phase below a certain excitation energy.

The excitation of two-particle–two-hole final states in neutrino-nucleus scattering has been advocated by many authors as the source of the excess cross section observed by the MiniBooNE Collaboration in the quasielastic sector. We analyze the mechanisms leading to the appearance of these final states and illustrate their significance through the results of accurate calculations of the nuclear electromagnetic response in the transverse channel. A novel approach, allowing for a consistent treatment of the amplitudes involving one- and two-nucleon currents in the kinematical region in which the nonrelativistic approximation breaks down, is outlined, and its preliminary results are reported.

Single- and multi-nucleon transfer reactions, namely, ${}^{206}\mathrm{Pb}({}^{18}\mathrm{O},{}^{20}\mathrm{O})$, ${}^{206}\mathrm{Pb}({}^{18}\mathrm{O},{}^{19}\mathrm{O})$, ${}^{206}\mathrm{Pb}({}^{18}\mathrm{O},{}^{17}\mathrm{O})$, ${}^{206}\mathrm{Pb}({}^{18}\mathrm{O},{}^{16}\mathrm{O})$, ${}^{206}\mathrm{Pb}({}^{18}\mathrm{O},{}^{18}\mathrm{N})$, ${}^{206}\mathrm{Pb}({}^{18}\mathrm{O},{}^{17}\mathrm{N})$, ${}^{206}\mathrm{Pb}({}^{18}\mathrm{O},{}^{16}\mathrm{N})$, ${}^{206}\mathrm{Pb}({}^{18}\mathrm{O},{}^{15}\mathrm{N})$, ${}^{206}\mathrm{Pb}({}^{18}\mathrm{O},{}^{14}\mathrm{N})$, ${}^{206}\mathrm{Pb}({}^{18}\mathrm{O},{}^{16}\mathrm{C})$, ${}^{206}\mathrm{Pb}({}^{18}\mathrm{O},{}^{15}\mathrm{C})$, ${}^{206}\mathrm{Pb}({}^{18}\mathrm{O},{}^{14}\mathrm{C})$, ${}^{206}\mathrm{Pb}({}^{18}\mathrm{O},{}^{13}\mathrm{C})$, ${}^{206}\mathrm{Pb}({}^{18}\mathrm{O},{}^{12}\mathrm{C})$, ${}^{206}\mathrm{Pb}({}^{18}\mathrm{O},{}^{12}\mathrm{B})$, ${}^{206}\mathrm{Pb}({}^{18}\mathrm{O},{}^{11}\mathrm{B})$, ${}^{206}\mathrm{Pb}({}^{18}\mathrm{O},{}^{10}\mathrm{B})$, ${}^{206}\mathrm{Pb}({}^{18}\mathrm{O},{}^{10}\mathrm{Be})$, and ${}^{206}\mathrm{Pb}({}^{18}\mathrm{O},{}^9\mathrm{Be})$, have been studied at an incident ${}^{18}\mathrm{O}$ energy of 139 MeV. The total kinetic energy loss (TKEL) spectrum and angular distribution of reaction products have been measured. The $Q$ value and angle integrated cross sections are deduced. Angular distributions for the elastically scattered ${}^{18}\mathrm{O}$ particles are also measured. Fully microscopic time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) calculations, based on the independent single-nucleon transfer mode, have been carried out and are compared with experimental data of multinucleon transfer reactions. The TDHF calculations provide reasonable agreement with the experimental data for cases where one- and two-nucleon transfer is involved; the discrepancy is large for multinucleon transfer reactions. The effect of particle evaporation on the production cross sections has been studied. Inclusion of particle evaporation effects, though improving the results, could not reproduce the measured cross sections. Possible origins of these discrepancies are discussed.

The nuclear mass dependence of the number of short-range correlated (SRC) proton-proton $\left(pp\right)$ and proton-neutron $\left(pn\right)$ pairs in nuclei is a sensitive probe of the dynamics of short-range pairs in the ground state of atomic nuclei. This work presents an analysis of electroinduced single-proton and two-proton knockout measurements off ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$, ${}^{27}\mathrm{Al}$, ${}^{56}\mathrm{Fe}$, and ${}^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ in kinematics dominated by scattering off SRC pairs. The nuclear mass dependence of the observed $A(e,e^{\prime }pp)/{}^{12}\mathrm{C}(e,e^{\prime }pp)$ cross-section ratios and the extracted number of $\mathit{pp}$- and $\mathit{pn}$-SRC pairs are much softer than the mass dependence of the total number of possible pairs. This is in agreement with a physical picture of SRC affecting predominantly nucleon-nucleon pairs in a nodeless relative-$S$ state of the mean-field basis.

We present results on the $K^{*}{\left(892\right)}^{+}$ production in proton-proton collisions at a beam energy of $E=3.5$ GeV, which is hitherto the lowest energy at which this mesonic resonance has been observed in nucleon-nucleon reactions. The data are interpreted within a two-channel model that includes the three-body production of $K^{*}{\left(892\right)}^{+}$ associated with the $\mathrm{\Lambda }$ or $\mathrm{\Sigma }$ hyperon. The relative contributions of both channels are estimated. Besides the total cross section $\sigma (p+p\to K^{*}{\left(892\right)}^{+}+X)=9.5\pm 0.9_{-0.9}^{+1.1}\pm 0.7\mu \mathrm{b}$, which adds a new data point to the excitation function of the $K^{*}{\left(892\right)}^{+}$ production in the region of low excess energy, transverse momenta and angular spectra are extracted and compared with the predictions of the two-channel model. The spin characteristics of $K^{*}{\left(892\right)}^{+}$ are discussed as well in terms of the spin-alignment.