The theoretical analysis of the $\overline{p}\text{−}\mathrm{\Lambda }\oplus p\text{−}\overline{\mathrm{\Lambda }}$ correlation function in 10% most central Au+Au collisions at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) energy $\sqrt{s_{\mathit{NN}}}=200$ GeV shows that the contribution of residual correlations is a necessary factor for obtaining a satisfactory description of the experimental data. Neglecting the residual correlation effect leads to an unrealistically low source radius, about 2 times smaller than the corresponding value for $p\text{−}\mathrm{\Lambda }\oplus \overline{p}\text{−}\overline{\mathrm{\Lambda }}$ case, when one fits the experimental correlation function within Lednický-Lyuboshitz analytical model. Recently an approach that accounts effectively for residual correlations for the baryon-antibaryon correlation function was proposed, and a good RHIC data description was reached with the source radius extracted from the hydrokinetic model (HKM). The $\overline{p}\text{−}\mathrm{\Lambda }$ scattering length, as well as the parameters characterizing the residual correlation effect—annihilation dip amplitude and its inverse width—were extracted from the corresponding fit. In this paper we use these extracted values and simulated in HKM source functions for Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC energy $\sqrt{s_{\mathit{NN}}}=2.76$ TeV to predict the corresponding $p\mathrm{\Lambda }$ and $p\overline{\mathrm{\Lambda }}$ correlation functions.

A Langevin equation of heavy quarks in high-temperature quark-gluon plasma is derived. The dynamics of heavy quark color is coupled with the phase space dynamics and causes a macroscopic superposition state of heavy quark momentum. Decoherence of the superposition state allows one to use a classical description. The time scale of decoherence gives an appropriate discretization time scale $\mathrm{\Delta }t\sim \sqrt{M/C_{\mathrm{F}}\gamma }$ for the classical Langevin equation, where $M$ is heavy quark mass and $\gamma$ is heavy quark momentum diffusion constant.

Background: Nuclear structure information for the neutron-rich actinide nuclei is important since it is the benchmark for theoretical models that provide predictions for the heaviest nuclei.

Purpose: $\gamma$-ray spectroscopy of neutron-rich heavy nuclei in the actinide region.

Method: Multinucleon-transfer reactions in ${}^{70}\text{Zn}+{}^{238}\text{U}$ and ${}^{136}\text{Xe}+{}^{238}\text{U}$ have been measured in two experiments performed at the INFN Legnaro, Italy. In the ${}^{70}\text{Zn}$ experiment the high-resolution HPGe Clover Array (CLARA) coupled to the magnetic spectrometer PRISMA was employed. In the ${}^{136}\text{Xe}$ experiment the high-resolution Advanced Gamma Tracking Array (AGATA) was used in combination with PRISMA and the Detector Array for Multinucleon Transfer Ejectiles (DANTE).

Results: The ground-state band (g.s. band) of ${}^{240}\text{U}$ was measured up to the ${20}^{+}$ level and a tentative assignment was made up to the $\left({24}^{+}\right)$ level. Results from $\gamma \gamma$ coincidence and from particle coincidence analyses are shown. Moments of inertia (MoI) show a clear upbend. Evidence for an extended first negative-parity band of ${}^{240}\text{U}$ is found.

Conclusions: A detailed comparison with latest calculations shows best agreement with cranked relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov (CRHB) calculations for the g.s. band properties. The negative-parity band shows the characteristics of a $K^{\pi }=0^{-}$ band based on an octupole vibration.

We report on the first $\beta$-decay data of ${}^{138}\text{Sb}$ to ${}^{138}\text{Te}$ isotopes beyond the doubly magic ${}^{132}\text{Sn}$. The parent nucleus was produced by the in-flight fission of a ${}^{238}\text{U}$ beam on a ${}^9\text{Be}$ target at 345 MeV per nucleon and measured at the BigRIPS separator of the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory at RIKEN. By using advanced $\beta \text{−}\gamma$ spectroscopy techniques, the half-life and the tentative spin-parity of ${}^{138}\text{Sb}$ were measured to be 346(19) ms and $\left(3^{-}\right)$, respectively. In addition, we observed several low-lying non-yrast states in ${}^{138}\text{Te}$ for the first time. Our data allowed us to rearrange the positions of the first $2^{+}$ and $4^{+}$ states in this nucleus and to construct the level scheme of ${}^{138}\text{Te}$ in accordance with shell-model calculations. Additionally, we extend energy systematics of Te isotopes within neutron numbers 54 and 86.

The $\beta$ decay of ${}^{192,190}\mathrm{Pb}$ has been studied using the total absorption technique at the ISOLDE (CERN) facility. The $\beta$-decay strength deduced from the measurements, combined with QRPA theoretical calculations, allow us to infer that the ground states of the ${}^{192,190}\mathrm{Pb}$ isotopes are spherical. These results represent the first application of the shape determination method using the total absorption technique for heavy nuclei and in a region where there is considerable interest in nuclear shapes and shape effects.

An experimental study of the $K_{\mathrm{stop}}^{-}A\to {\mathrm{\Sigma }}^{-}p{A}^{\prime }$ reaction on $A={}^6\mathrm{Li},{}^7\mathrm{Li},{}^9\mathrm{Be},{}^{13}\mathrm{C}$, and ${}^{16}\mathrm{O}p$-shell nuclei is presented. The data were collected by the FINUDA spectrometer operating at the $\mathrm{DA}\mathrm{\Phi }\mathrm{NE}\varphi$ factory (LNF-INFN, Italy). Emission rates for the reaction in the mentioned nuclei are measured and compared with the few existing data. The spectra of several observables are discussed; indications of quasifree absorptions by a $\left(np\right)$ pair embedded in the $A$ nucleus can be obtained from the study of the missing mass distributions.

The ${}^{22}\mathrm{Ne}(p,\gamma ){}^{23}\mathrm{Na}$ reaction is included in the neon-sodium cycle of hydrogen burning. A number of narrow resonances in the Gamow window dominate the thermonuclear reaction rate. Several resonance strengths are only poorly known. As a result, the ${}^{22}\mathrm{Ne}(p,\gamma ){}^{23}\mathrm{Na}$ thermonuclear reaction rate is the most uncertain rate of the cycle. Here, a new experimental study of the strengths of the resonances at 436, 479, 639, 661, and 1279 keV proton beam energy is reported. The data have been obtained using a tantalum target implanted with ${}^{22}\mathrm{Ne}$. The strengths $\omega \gamma$ of the resonances at 436, 639, and 661 keV have been determined with a relative approach, using the 479- and 1279-keV resonances for normalization. Subsequently, the ratio of resonance strengths of the 479- and 1279-keV resonances were determined, improving the precision of these two standards. The new data are consistent with, but more precise than, the literature with the exception of the resonance at 661 keV, which is found to be less intense by one order of magnitude. In addition, improved branching ratios have been determined for the gamma decay of the resonances at 436, 479, and 639 keV.

We report the first beyond-mean-field study of low-lying parity-doublet states in ${}^{224}\mathrm{Ra}$ by extending the multireference relativistic energy density functional method to include dynamical correlations related to symmetry restoration and quadrupole-octupole shape fluctuation with a generator coordinate method combined with parity, particle-number, and angular-momentum projections. We clarify microscopically that the origin of spin-dependent parity splitting in low-spin states is related to the octupole shape stabilization of positive-parity states, the shapes of which drift gradually toward those of negative-parity ones.

Background: Low-lying octupole collective excitations play an important role in describing the structure of nuclei in different regions of the nuclide chart. Ground state alternating-parity rotational bands combining both positive- and negative-parity states are known in several nuclei. The experimental data indicate that octupole deformation becomes stable with increase of the angular momentum.

Purpose: We introduce a nondimensional characteristic of the spectra of the ground state alternating-parity bands and apply it to investigation of a stabilization of the octupole deformation with increase of the angular momentum.

Method: We analyze the experimental data on the energies of the states belonging to the alternating-parity bands based on the ratio of the interpolated and the experimental energies of the negative-parity states. Interpolated energies are determined by the experimental energies of the neighboring positive-parity states assuming smooth dependence on the angular momentum.

Results: The values of the ratio of the interpolated and the experimental energies of the negative-parity states belonging to the ground state alternating-parity bands of ${}^{144,146}\text{Ba}$ and some rare-earth and actinide nuclei are evaluated.

Conclusion: It is shown that the angular-momentum dependence of the ratio of the interpolated and the experimental energies of the negative-parity states belonging to the ground state alternating-parity bands of ${}^{144,146}\text{Ba}$ and some rare-earth and actinide nuclei indicates stabilization of the octupole deformation with angular-momentum increase.

We study the effects of the strange axial form factor and axial mass on both neutral- and charged-current reactions in the quasielastic region within the framework of a relativistic single-particle model. For this purpose, we calculate the differential cross section, the separated cross sections associated with the longitudinal and transverse response functions, the asymmetry for the neutral-current reaction, and the various ratios of the neutral- to charged-current reactions. The calculations are performed for a ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$ target at specific incident neutrino (antineutrino) energies of 0.5 and 1.5 GeV, or with the flux-averaged incident energies of the MiniBooNE experiment. Then, we discuss the dependence of the cross sections, asymmetry, and ratios on the axial mass and strange axial form factor. Finally, we compare our calculations with the MiniBooNE experimental data.

A complete set of electromagnetic moments, $B(E2;0_1^{+}\to 2_1^{+}),Q\left(2_1^{+}\right)$, and $g\left(2_1^{+}\right)$, have been measured from Coulomb excitation of semimagic ${}^{112,114,116,118,120,122,124}\text{Sn} \left(Z=50\right)$ on natural carbon and titanium targets. The magnitude of the $B\left(E2\right)$ values, measured to a precision of $\sim 4\%$, disagree with a recent lifetime study [Phys. Lett. B 695, 110 (2011)] that employed the Doppler-shift attenuation method. The $B\left(E2\right)$ values show an overall enhancement compared with recent theoretical calculations and a clear asymmetry about midshell, contrary to naive expectations. A new static electric quadrupole moment, $Q\left(2_1^{+}\right)$, has been measured for ${}^{114}\text{Sn}$. The static quadrupole moments are generally consistent with zero but reveal an enhancement near midshell; this had not been previously observed. The magnetic dipole moments are consistent with previous measurements and show a near monotonic decrease in value with neutron number. The $g$-factor measurements in ${}^{112,114}\mathrm{Sn}$ establish the recoil-in-vacuum method for states with $\tau \sim 0.5$ ps and hence demonstrate that this method can be used for future $g$-factor measurements on proton-rich isotopes toward ${}^{100}\mathrm{Sn}$. Current theory calculations fail to reproduce the electromagnetic moments of the tin isotopes. The role of 2p-2h and 4p-4h intruders, which are lowest in energy at midshell and outside of current model spaces, needs to be investigated in the future.

High-momentum distributions and short-range correlation probabilities in the deuteron are studied with a variety of modern potentials based on chiral effective field theory up to fifth order in the chiral expansion. Conventional (meson-exchange and phenomenological) interactions are also considered. Predictions are examined in the context of short-range correlation probabilities as extracted from analyses of inclusive electron scattering data, with a discussion on whether modern interactions can be reconciled with the latter.

Ground states of even-even Ge isotopes with mass number $A=64\text{–}76$ have been studied in the deformed Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory by taking neutron-proton $\left(np\right)$ pairing correlations as well as neutron-neutron $\left(nn\right)$ and proton-proton $\left(pp\right)$ pairing correlations. The $np$ pairing has two different modes $J=0,T=1$ (isotriplet) and $J=1,T=0$ (isosinglet). In this work, the Brueckner $G$ matrix, based on the CD-Bonn potential, has been exploited to reduce the ambiguity regarding nucleon-nucleon interactions inside nuclei compared to the results by a simple schematic phenomenological force. We found that the $G$ matrix plays important roles to obtain reasonable descriptions of even-even nuclei compared to the schematic force. The $np$ pairing strength has been shown to have a clear correlation with quadrupole deformation parameter ${\beta }_2$ for the isotopes, and affects the smearing of the Fermi surfaces of not only $N=Z$ nuclei but also $N\ne Z$ nuclei. In particular, the coexistence of the like particle ($nn$ and $pp$) and the $np$ pairing modes was found to become more salient by the $G$-matrix approach than by the schematic force approach.

Background: The $Z=60{}^{144-152}\mathrm{Nd}$ isotopes span the spherical to the well-deformed collective nuclear structures. The shape phase transition at $N=86\text{–}88$ and $N=88\text{–}90$ is intermediate between (Ba,Ce) and (Sm,Gd). The role of the $Z=64$ subshell closure in this forms an interesting subject of study.

Objective: To analyze these complex features of the Nd spectra and the effects of the $Z=64$ subshell by comparing with predictions from the microscopic dynamic pairing plus quadrupole model to explain the shape transition at $N=86\text{–}90$.

Method: Empirical analysis of the Nd spectra is illustrated. The $K$-band structures of the collective $I^{\pi }=2^{+}$ states in ${}^{144-152}\mathrm{Nd}$ are described. The predicted $B\left(E2\right)$ values and the interband $B\left(E2\right)$ ratios are compared with experimental data. The potential-energy surfaces of ${}^{146-152}\mathrm{Nd}$ are illustrated, and the role of protons and neutrons filling the Nilsson orbits is described.

Results: The different effects of the $Z=64$ subshell on the ground-state band and the excited vibrational bands of ${}^{146-148}\mathrm{Nd}$ are illustrated.

Conclusion: The important role of the dynamics of the nucleus, besides the static features, is made more transparent.

The impact of collective vibrations on quasiparticle states of open-shell odd-mass nuclei and their possible interference with tensor force is investigated. The inclusion of collective vibrations and their coupling to single-quasiparticle motion improves the description of experimental spectra in such nuclei. We found that the energy splittings of the single-quasiparticle states, which are sensitive at the mean-field level to the tensor part of the effective nucleon-nucleon interaction, are affected by quasiparticle-vibration coupling. Both quasiparticle-vibration coupling and effective tensor interaction act in the same direction. This suggests that effective tensor interaction has to be quenched as compared with previous estimates.

We analyze ${}^6\text{Li}$ elastic scattering in a wide range of incident energies ($E_{\mathrm{in}}$), assuming the $n+p+\alpha +\mathrm{target}$ four-body model and solving the dynamics with the four-body version of the continuum-discretized coupled-channels method (CDCC). Four-body CDCC reproduces the experimental data well with no adjustable parameter for ${}^6\text{Li}+{}^{209}\text{Bi}$ scattering at $E_{\mathrm{in}}=24$–50 MeV and ${}^6\text{Li}+{}^{208}\text{Pb}$ scattering at $E_{\mathrm{in}}=29$–210 MeV. In the wide $E_{\mathrm{in}}$ range, ${}^6\text{Li}$ breakup is significant and provides repulsive corrections to the folding potential. In ${}^6\text{Li}$ elastic scattering, as an interesting property, ${}^6\text{Li}$ is mainly broken up into two particles $d$ and $\alpha$, and hardly into three particles $n$, $p$, and $\alpha$. We investigate what causes this $d\alpha$ dominance.

The nuclear level density is one of the main ingredients for the statistical description of the fission process. In this work, we propose to constrain the description of this parameter by using fission reactions induced by protons and light ions on ${}^{208}\text{Pb}$ at high kinetic energies. The experiment was performed at GSI (Darmstadt), where the combined use of the inverse kinematics technique with an efficient detection setup allowed us to measure the atomic number of the two fission fragments in coincidence. This measurement permitted us to obtain with high precision the partial fission cross sections and the width of the charge distribution as a function of the atomic number of the fissioning system. These data and others previously measured, covering a large range in fissility, are compared to state-of-the-art calculations. The results reveal that total and partial fission cross sections cannot unambiguously constrain the level density at ground-state and saddle-point deformations and additional observables, such as the width of the charge distribution of the final fission fragments, are required.

In this paper, we propose a method of solving the viscous hydrodynamics order by order in a derivative expansion. In such a method, the zero-order solution is just one of the ideal hydrodynamics. All the other higher order corrections satisfy the same first-order partial differential equations but with different inhomogeneous terms. We take the Bjorken flow as an example to test the validity of our method and present how to deal with the problems about the initial condition and perturbation evolution in our formalism.