In this work, we systematically investigate the favored $\alpha$-decay half-lives and $\alpha$ preformation probabilities of both odd-$A$ and doubly-odd nuclei related to ground and isomeric states around the doubly magic cores at $Z=82, N=82$ and at $Z=82, N=126$, respectively, within a two-potential approach from the view of the valence nucleon (or hole). The results show that the $\alpha$ preformation probability is linearly related to $N_{\text{p}}{N}_{\text{n}}$ or $N_{\text{p}}{N}_{\text{n}}I$, where $N_{\text{p}}, N_{\text{n}}$, and $I$ are the number of valence protons (or holes), the number of valence neutrons (or holes), and the isospin of the parent nucleus, respectively. Fitting the $\alpha$ preformation probabilities data extracted from the differences between experimental data and calculated half-lives without a shell correction, we give two analytic formulas of the $\alpha$ preformation probabilities and the values of corresponding parameters. Using those formulas and the parameters, we calculate the $\alpha$-decay half-lives for those nuclei. The calculated results can well reproduce the experimental data.

For states in ${}^{15}\mathrm{N}$ and ${}^{15}\mathrm{O}$ that have large single-particle strengths for $2s_{1/2}$ and $1d_{5/2}$, I have computed energy differences for mirror states and widths for unbound states in ${}^{15}\mathrm{O}$. I consider both $T=1$ and $T=0$ cores. Calculated and experimental energies agree well. Results indicate that actual $\ell =0$ spectroscopic factors for two $3/2^{+}$ states are significantly smaller than those recently reported.

Production cross sections for nuclei fragments from the interaction of ${}^{11}\mathrm{B}$ ions with ${}^{209}\mathrm{Bi}$ and ${}^{181}\mathrm{Ta}$ targets, in the intermediate energy regime, have been obtained with the induced-activity method and offline $\gamma$ spectroscopy. The mass-yield distributions were obtained and the fission process was investigated by using the multimodal fission approach in the case of the ${}^{209}\mathrm{Bi}$ target and a pure symmetric distribution for the ${}^{181}\mathrm{Ta}$ target. The fissilities were deduced for both targets and further compared to the data for proton-induced reactions. The relative values of the linear momentum imparted to the targets were derived from the cross section data.

The energy and rapidity dependence of the average transverse momentum $\langle p_T\rangle$ in $pp$ and $pA$ collisions at energies currently available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are estimated using the color glass condensate (CGC) formalism. We update previous predictions for the $p_T$ spectra using the hybrid formalism of the CGC approach and two phenomenological models for the dipole-target scattering amplitude. We demonstrate that these models are able to describe the RHIC and LHC data for hadron production in $pp, d\mathrm{Au}$, and $p\mathrm{Pb}$ collisions at $p_T\le 20$ GeV. Moreover, we present our predictions for $\langle p_T\rangle$ and demonstrate that the ratio $\langle p_T\left(y\right)\rangle /\langle p_T(y=0)\rangle$ decreases with the rapidity and has a behavior similar to that predicted by hydrodynamical calculations.

The resonant breakup of ${}^{19}\mathrm{C}$ on protons measured at RIKEN [Y. Satou et al., Phys. Lett. B 660, 320 (2008)] is analyzed in terms of a valence-core model for ${}^{19}\mathrm{C}$ that includes possible core excitations. The analysis of the angular distribution of a prominent peak appearing in the relative-energy spectrum could be well described with this model and is consistent with the previous assignment of $5/2^{+}$ for this state. Inclusion of core-excitation effects are found to be essential to giving the correct magnitude of the cross section for this state. By contrast, the calculation assuming an inert ${}^{18}\mathrm{C}$ core is found to largely underestimate the data.

Concepts from information geometry are used to analyze parameter sensitivity for a nuclear energy density functional, representative of a class of semiempirical functionals that start from a microscopically motivated ansatz for the density dependence of the energy of a system of protons and neutrons. It is shown that such functionals are “sloppy,” namely, characterized by an exponential range of sensitivity to parameter variations. Responsive to only a few stiff parameter combinations, sloppy functionals exhibit an exponential decrease of sensitivity to variations of the remaining soft parameters. By interpreting the space of model predictions as a manifold embedded in the data space, with the parameters of the functional as coordinates on the manifold, it is also shown that the exponential distribution of model manifold widths corresponds to the range of parameter sensitivity. Using the manifold boundary approximation method, we illustrate how to systematically construct effective nuclear density functionals of successively lower dimension in parameter space until sloppiness is eventually eliminated and the resulting functional contains only stiff combinations of parameters.

In-source laser spectroscopy experiments on bismuth isotopes using the 306.77-nm atomic transition have been carried out at the Investigation of Radioactive Isotopes on Synchrocyclotron facility of the Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute. New data for the isotope shifts and hyperfine structures of ${}^{193,195,197}\mathrm{Bi}^{\mathrm{g},\mathrm{m}}$ isotopes and isomers have been obtained. A large isomer shift between $I=1/2^{+}$ (intruder) and $I=9/2^{-}$ (normal) states has been found. The charge radii of the ${}^{193,195,197}\mathrm{Bi}$ ground states follow the trend found previously for isotonic (spherical) lead nuclei. The larger radii for the $1/2^{+}$ isomers suggest a larger deformation of these isomers compared to the ground state and support the shape coexistence interpretation of the previously obtained experimental data. Magnetic moments of Bi intruder isomers depart from the trend of the magnetic moments of the $1/2^{+}$ thallium ground states at $N<114$.

High-spin states in ${}^{155}\mathrm{Yb}$ have been studied via the ${}^{144}\mathrm{Sm}({}^{16}\mathrm{O},5n){}^{155}\mathrm{Yb}$ reaction at a beam energy of 118 MeV. One negative-parity and one positive-parity cascade built on the $\nu f_{7/2}$ and $\nu i_{13/2}$ states, respectively, are established for the first time. The structures observed in ${}^{155}\mathrm{Yb}$ are compared with those in the neighboring $N=85$ isotones and with semiempirical shell-model (SESM) calculations. According to adiabatic and configuration-fixed constrained triaxial covariant density functional theory (CDFT) calculations, a coexistence of prolate and oblate shapes is predicted to exist in ${}^{155}\mathrm{Yb}$.

Background: The presence of neutron transfer channels with positive $Q$ values can enhance sub-barrier fusion cross sections. Recent measurements of the fusion excitation functions for ${}^{58}\mathrm{Ni}+{}^{132,124}\mathrm{Sn}$ found that the fusion enhancement due to the influence of neutron transfer is smaller than that in ${}^{40}\mathrm{Ca}+{}^{132,124}\mathrm{Sn}$ although the $Q$ values for multineutron transfer are comparable.

Purpose: To investigate the differences observed between the fusion of Sn + Ni and Sn + Ca.

Methods: Fusion excitation functions for ${}^{46,50}\mathrm{Ti}+{}^{124}\mathrm{Sn}$ have been measured at energies near the Coulomb barrier.

Results: A comparison of the barrier distributions for ${}^{46}\mathrm{Ti}+{}^{124}\mathrm{Sn}$ and ${}^{40}\mathrm{Ca}+{}^{124}\mathrm{Sn}$ shows that the ${}^{40}\mathrm{Ca}+{}^{124}\mathrm{Sn}$ system has a barrier strength resulting from the coupling to the very collective octupole state in ${}^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$ at an energy significantly lower than the uncoupled barrier.

Conclusions: The large sub-barrier fusion enhancement in ${}^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$ induced reactions is attributed to both couplings to neutron transfer and inelastic excitation, with the octupole vibration of ${}^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$ playing a major role.

The fission fragment mass distributions have been measured in the reactions ${}^{16}\mathrm{O}+{}^{184}\mathrm{W}$ and ${}^{19}\mathrm{F}+{}^{181}\mathrm{Ta}$ populating the same compound nucleus ${{}^{200}\mathrm{Pb}}^{*}$ at similar excitation energies. It is found that the widths of the mass distributions increase monotonically with excitation energy, indicating the absence of quasifission for both reactions. This is contrary to two recent claims of the presence of quasifission in the above-mentioned reactions.

We study the production of jet-bremsstrahlung photons through scattering with the constituents of dense nuclear matter within the framework of deep-inelastic scattering off a large nucleus. Applying a gradient expansion up to the second order for the exchanged three-dimensional momentum between jet and medium, we derive the single-photon bremsstrahlung spectrum with the inclusion of contributions from the transverse broadening as well as the longitudinal drag and diffusion of the hard parton's momentum. We also compare the medium-induced photon radiation spectra for single scattering and from the resummation of multiple scatterings. It is found that the coupling between different scatterings can give an additional contribution to medium-induced photon radiation, while for small momentum exchange the leading contribution from the drag and diffusions to the photon emission spectra remain the same for single and multiple scatterings.

We study the electrical conductivity of finite-temperature crust of a warm compact star which may be formed in the aftermath of a supernova explosion or a binary neutron star merger as well as when a cold neutron star is heated by accretion of material from a companion. We focus on the temperature-density regime where plasma is in the liquid state and, therefore, the conductivity is dominated by the electron scattering off correlated nuclei. The dynamical screening of this interaction is implemented in terms of the polarization tensor computed in the hard-thermal-loop effective field theory of QED plasma. The correlations of the background ionic component are accounted for via a structure factor derived from Monte Carlo simulations of one-component plasma. With this input we solve the Boltzmann kinetic equation in relaxation time approximation taking into account the anisotropy of transport due to the magnetic field. The electrical conductivity tensor is studied numerically as a function of temperature and density for carbon and iron nuclei as well as density-dependent composition of zero-temperature dense matter in weak equilibrium with electrons. We also provide accurate fit formulas to our numerical results as well as supplemental tables which can be used in dissipative magneto-hydrodynamics simulations of warm compact stars.

We study the effect of isospin-dependent nuclear forces on the pasta phase in the inner crust of neutron stars. To this end we model the crust within the framework of quantum molecular dynamics. For maximizing the numerical performance, a newly developed code has been implemented on GPU processors. As a first application of the crust studies we investigate the dependence of the particular pasta phases on the isospin dependence of the interaction, including nonlinear terms in this sector of the interactions. Our results indicate that in contrast to earlier studies the phase diagram of the pasta phase is not very sensitive to isospin effects. We show that the extraction of the isospin parameters like asymmetry energy and slope from numerical data is affected by higher-order terms in the asymmetry dependence of the energies per particle. Furthermore, a rapid transition from the pasta to a homogeneous phase is observed even for proton-to-neutron ratios typical for a supernova environment.

We study exotic structure of medium heavy hypernuclei with core nuclei of Ar isotopes and ${}^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$. Particulary, the superdeformed (SD) states and the corresponding hypernuclei are calculated in the frame of the Skyrme Hartree-Fock (SHF) + BCS model together with a microscopic $\mathrm{\Lambda }N$ interaction. We found that the $\mathrm{\Lambda }$ separation energy of the ground state is larger than that of the SD state. The result is consistent with the antisymmetrized molecular dynamics (AMD) calculation, but inconsistent with that of relativistic mean field (RMF). The similarity between SHF and AMD and the difference of $\mathrm{\Lambda }$ separation energy between SHF and RMF both come from the density distribution in the core nuclei and the corresponding hypernuclei.

Isospin properties of dipole excitations in ${}^{74}\mathrm{Ge}$ are investigated using the $\left(\alpha ,{\alpha }^{\prime }\gamma \right)$ reaction and compared to $\left(\gamma ,{\gamma }^{\prime }\right)$ data. The results indicate that the dipole excitations in the energy region of 6 to 9 MeV adhere to the scenario of the recently found splitting of the region of dipole excitations into two separated parts: one at low energy, being populated by both isoscalar and isovector probes, and the other at high energy, excited only by the electromagnetic probe. Relativistic quasiparticle time blocking approximation (RQTBA) calculations show a reduction in the isoscalar $E1$ strength with an increase in excitation energy, which is consistent with the measurement.

Using Penning trap mass spectrometry, we have performed a precise determination of the $Q$ value for the highly forbidden $\beta$ decay of ${}^{113}\mathrm{Cd}$. An independent measurement of the $Q$ value fixes the end-point energy in a fit to the ${}^{113}\mathrm{Cd}\beta$-decay spectrum. This provides a strong test of systematics for detectors that have observed this decay, such as those developed for $\beta \beta$-decay searches in cadmium and other isotopes. It will also aid in the theoretical description of the $\beta$-decay spectrum. The result, $Q_{\beta }=323.89\left(27\right)\mathrm{keV}$, agrees at the $1.3\sigma$ level with the value obtained from the 2012 Atomic Mass Evaluation [Chin. Phys. C 36, 1603 (2012)], but is a factor of almost four more precise. We also report improved values for the atomic masses of ${}^{113}\mathrm{Cd},{}^{113}\mathrm{In}$, and ${}^{112}\mathrm{Cd}$.

The decay of a $K^{\pi }=8^{-}$ isomer in ${}^{244}\mathrm{Pu}$ and the collective band structures populating the isomer were studied using deep inelastic excitations with ${}^{47}\mathrm{Ti}$ and ${}^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ beams, respectively. Precise measurements of $M1/E2$ branching ratios in the band confirm a $9/2^{-}{\left[734\right]}_{\nu }\otimes 7/2^{+}{\left[624\right]}_{\nu }$ configuration assignment for the isomer, validating the systematics of $K^{\pi }=8^{-}$, two-quasineutron isomers observed in even-$Z, N=150$ isotones. These isomers around the deformed shell gap at $N=152$ provide critical benchmarks for theoretical predictions of single-particle energies in this gateway region to superheavy nuclei.

A survey of the available single-proton data in $A\le 17$ nuclei was completed. These data, along with calculations using a Woods-Saxon potential, show that the ordering of the $0d_{5/2}$ and $1s_{1/2}$ proton orbitals are determined primarily by the proximity of the $s$-state proton energy to the Coulomb barrier. This is analogous to the dependence of the corresponding neutron orbitals in proximity to the neutron threshold, which was previously discussed.

The pairing energy ($E_p$) of fragments, which is assumed to have a finite temperature in heavy-ion collisions, is obtained using an isobaric yield ratio method in the framework of a modified Fisher model. The fragments in the measured and simulated $140A$ MeV ${}^{40,48}\mathrm{Ca}+{}^9\mathrm{Be}/{}^{181}\mathrm{Ta}$ and ${}^{58,64}\mathrm{Ni}+{}^9\mathrm{Be}/{}^{181}\mathrm{Ta}$ reactions have been adopted to perform the analysis. The results show that the ratio of the pairing-energy coefficient to the temperature ($a_p/T$) is not significantly influenced by the reaction system, but depends on the neutron excess $(I=N-Z)$ of the fragment. For most fragments, $a_p/T$ falls in the range of $-1.0<a_p/T<1.0$. Assuming $T\approx 2.0$ MeV for the intermediate-mass fragments, $a_p\sim 2.0$ MeV is suggested, which is much smaller than the value in the semiclassical mass formula. For a neutron-rich fragment, $E_p$ may disappear. The results are confirmed by the calculated $E_p$ of some $A=34$ isobars using the self-consistent finite-temperature relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov model with the effective interaction PC-PK1 and the Gogny-pairing interaction D1S. The calculated $E_p$ depends on $T$ in the form of $y=Cexp(-a{T}^4)$ and $E_p$ goes to zero fast with temperatures at around $T=0.8$ MeV. The results are useful for improving the secondary decay simulation for primary fragments in the heavy-ion collisions.