Background: Inelastic neutrino-nucleus scattering is important for understanding core-collapse supernovae and the detection of emitted neutrinos from such events in earth-based detectors. Direct measurement of the cross sections is difficult and has only been performed on a few nuclei. It is, therefore, important to develop indirect techniques from which the inelastic neutrino-nucleus scattering cross sections can be determined.

Purpose: This paper presents a development of the $({}^6\mathrm{Li},{}^6\mathrm{Li}^{*}[T=1,T_z=0,0^{+},3.56\mathrm{MeV}])$ reaction at 100 MeV/u as a probe for isolating the isovector spin-transfer response in the inelastic channel $(\mathrm{\Delta }S=1,\mathrm{\Delta }T=1,\mathrm{\Delta }{T}_z=0)$ from which the Gamow-Teller transition strengths from nuclei of relevance for inelastic neutrino-nucleus scattering cross sections can be extracted.

Method: By measuring the ${}^6\mathrm{Li}$ ejectile in a magnetic spectrometer and selecting events in which the 3.56 MeV $\gamma$ ray from the decay of the ${}^6\mathrm{Li}^{*}\left[3.56\mathrm{MeV}\right]$ state is detected, the isovector spin-transfer selectivity is obtained. High-purity germanium clover detectors served to detect the $\gamma$ rays. Doppler reconstruction was used to determine the $\gamma$ energy in the rest frame of ${}^6\mathrm{Li}$. From the ${}^6\mathrm{Li}$ and 3.56 MeV $\gamma$-momentum vectors the excitation energy of the residual nucleus was determined.

Results: In the study of the ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}({}^6\mathrm{Li},{}^6\mathrm{Li}^{*}[3.56\mathrm{MeV}\left]\right)$ reaction, the isovector spin-transfer excitation-energy spectrum in the inelastic channel was successfully measured. The strong Gamow-Teller state in ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$ at 15.1 MeV was observed. Comparisons with the analog ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}({}^6\mathrm{Li},{}^6\mathrm{He})$ reaction validate the method of extracting the Gamow-Teller strength. In measurements of the ${}^{24}\mathrm{Mg},{}^{93}\mathrm{Nb}({}^6\mathrm{Li},{}^6\mathrm{Li}^{*}[3.56\mathrm{MeV}\left]\right)$ reactions, the 3.56 MeV $\gamma$ peak could not be isolated from the strong background in the $\gamma$ spectrum from the decay of the isoscalar excitations. It is argued that by using a $\gamma$-ray tracking array instead of a clover array, it is feasible to extend the mass range over which the $({}^6\mathrm{Li},{}^6\mathrm{Li}^{*})$ reaction can be used for extracting the isovector spin-transfer response up to mass numbers of $\sim 25$ and perhaps higher.

Conclusions: It is demonstrated that the $({}^6\mathrm{Li},{}^6\mathrm{Li}^{*}[3.56\mathrm{MeV}\left]\right)$ reaction probe can be used to isolate the inelastic isovector spin-transfer response in nuclei. Application to nuclei with mass numbers of about 25 or more, however, will require a more efficient $\gamma$-ray array with a better tracking capability.

The neutron-deficient cadmium isotopes have been measured by high-resolution laser spectroscopy at CERN-ISOLDE. The electromagnetic moments of ${}^{101}\mathrm{Cd}$ have been determined for the first time and the quadrupole-moment precision of ${}^{103}\mathrm{Cd}$ has been vastly improved. The results on the sequence of $5/2^{+}$ ground states in ${}^{101–109}\mathrm{Cd}$ are tentatively discussed in the context of simple structure in complex nuclei as similarities are found with the $11/2^{-}$ states in the neutron-rich cases. Comparison with shell-model calculations reveals a prominent role of the two holes in the $Z=50$ core.

We analyze the longest-range two-pion exchange contributions to the three-nucleon force at leading-loop order in the framework of heavy-baryon chiral effective field theory with explicit $\mathrm{\Delta }$(1232) degrees of freedom. All relevant low-energy constants which appear in the calculation are determined from pion-nucleon scattering. Comparing our results with the ones obtained in the $\mathrm{\Delta }$-less theory at next-to-next-to-next-to-next-to leading order (${\mathrm{N}}^4\mathrm{LO}$), we find effects of the $\mathrm{\Delta }$ isobar for this particular topology to be rather well represented in terms of resonance saturation of various low-energy constants in the $\mathrm{\Delta }$-less approach.

Valuable theoretical predictions of nuclear dipole excitations in the whole nuclear chart are of great interest for different applications, including in particular nuclear astrophysics. Here we extend our large-scale calculations of the $E1$ and $M1$ absorption $\gamma$-ray strength function obtained in the framework of the axially symmetric deformed quasiparticle random-phase approximation (QRPA) based on the finite-range D1M Gogny force to the deexcitation strength function. To do so, shell-model calculations of the deexcitation dipole strength function are performed and their limit at low $\gamma$ energies used to complement phenomenologically the QRPA calculations. We compare our final prediction of the $E1$ and $M1$ strength with available experimental data at low energies and show that a fairly good agreement is obtained. Predictions of the dipole strength function for spherical and deformed nuclei within the valley of $\beta$ stability as well as in the neutron-rich region are discussed and compared with traditional Lorentzian-type prescriptions. Its impact on the total radiative width as well as radiative neutron and proton capture cross sections is studied.

Excited states in ${}^{137}\mathrm{Cs}$ have been studied by using the near-barrier, single-proton transfer reaction ${}^{10}\mathrm{B}({}^{136}\mathrm{Xe},{}^9\mathrm{Be}\gamma ){}^{137}\mathrm{Cs}$ in inverse kinematics and performing particle-$\gamma$ and particle-$\gamma \gamma$ coincidence measurements. The low-spin level scheme of ${}^{137}\mathrm{Cs}$ has been augmented: (i) The expected set of single-proton, seniority $\upsilon =1$ states has been delineated in its entirety; (ii) Another member of the $\upsilon =3$ proton $0g_{7/2}$ multiplet, a low-lying $9/2^{+}$ level, has been identified and this set of states now approaches completion; (iii) A second $9/2^{+}$ and a candidate $13/2^{+}$ level have been observed. The results are discussed in the framework of shell-model calculations in the proton $2s1d0g0h$ shell.

Based on the isospin-dependent transport model Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (IBUU), effects of the difference of the high momentum tails (HMTs) of nucleon momentum distribution in colliding nuclei on some isospin-sensitive observables are studied in the ${}^{197}\mathrm{Au}+{}^{197}\mathrm{Au}$ reactions at incident beam energy of 400 MeV/nucleon. It is found that the nucleon transverse and elliptic flows, the free neutron to proton ratio at low momenta are all less sensitive to the specific form of the HMT, while the free neutron to proton ratio at high momenta and the yields of ${\pi }^{-}$ and ${\pi }^{+}$ as well as the ${\pi }^{-}/{\pi }^{+}$ ratio around the Coulomb peak are sensitive to the specific form of the HMT. Combining the present studies with the experimental measurements at rare-isotope reaction facilities worldwide, one may get more insights into the nuclear short-range correlations in heavy nuclei or nuclear matter.

Using the improved scission-point model, the charge distribution of fission fragments is studied in neutron-induced fission of the ${}^{238}\mathrm{U}$ nucleus. A possible explanation of the anomaly in charge yield of Mo and Sn fragments is presented.

The cross sections for the ${}^{232}\mathrm{Th}(n,\gamma )$ reaction have been measured in the neutron energy range of 11–19 MeV by using activation and offline $\gamma$-ray spectrometric techniques. The neutrons of desired energy were obtained by the ${}^7\mathrm{Li}(p,n)$ reaction using a proton beam of 13–21 MeV from the 14UD BARC-TIFR Pelletron facility at Mumbai, India. The ${}^{232}\mathrm{Th}(n,\gamma )$ reaction cross sections were calculated using the computer code talys-1.8. The uncertainties in the measurement have been studied using covariance analysis of the experimental data. The results from the present work have been compared with the evaluated data of ENDF/B-VII.1 and JENDL-4.0 as well as the theoretically calculated values based on talys-1.8, and were found to be in good agreement. The outcome of the present work is important for the development of future fast reactors and accelerator driven subcritical systems (ADSs).

We study the hadronic effects on the $cc\overline{q}\overline{q}$ tetraquark state by focusing on the $T_{cc}\left(1^{+}\right)$ meson during the hadronic stage of relativistic heavy ion collisions. We evaluate the absorption cross section of the $T_{cc}$ meson by pions in the quasifree approximation, and investigate the time evolution of the $T_{cc}$ abundance in the hadronic medium based on the effective volume and temperature of the hadronic phase at both the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) modeled by hydrodynamic calculations with the lattice equation of state. We probe two possible scenarios for the structure of the $T_{cc}$, where it is assumed to be either a compact multiquark state or a larger sized molecular configuration composed of $D{D}^{*}$. Our numerical results suggest that the hadronic effects on the $T_{cc}$ production are insignificant, and its final abundance depends on the initial yield of the $T_{cc}$ produced from the quark-gluon plasma phase, which will depend on the assumed structure of the state.

Coalescence has long been used to describe the production of light (anti)nuclei in heavy-ion collisions. The same underlying mechanism may also exist in jets when a proton and a neutron are close enough in phase space to form a deuteron. We model deuteron production in jets by applying an afterburner, which uses a coalescence mechanism to form deuterons from protons and neutrons produced in pythia for $p$+$p$ collisions at a center of mass energy $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV. pythia provides a reasonable description of the proton spectra and the shape of the deuteron spectrum predicted by the afterburner is in agreement with the data. We show that the rise in the coalescence parameter $B_2$ with momentum observed in data is consistent with coalescence in jets. We show that dihadron correlations can be used to separate the contributions from the jet and the underlying event. This model predicts that the conditional coalescence parameter in the jetlike correlation should be independent of the trigger momentum.

We employ a variety of ab initio methods, including Faddeev-Yakubovsky equations, no-core configuration interaction approach, coupled-cluster theory, and in-medium similarity renormalization group, to perform a comprehensive analysis of the nucleon-deuteron elastic and breakup reactions and selected properties of light and medium-mass nuclei up to ${}^{48}\mathrm{Ca}$ using the recently constructed semilocal coordinate-space regularized chiral nucleon-nucleon potentials. We compare the results with those based on selected phenomenological and chiral EFT two-nucleon potentials, discuss the convergence pattern of the chiral expansion, and estimate the achievable theoretical accuracy at various chiral orders using an approach to quantify truncation errors of the chiral expansion without relying on cutoff variation. We also address the robustness of this method and explore alternative ways to estimate the theoretical uncertainty from the truncation of the chiral expansion.

The positive-parity band structure of ${}^{110}\mathrm{Ag}$ has been established for the first time. A new decay path to the isomeric $6^{+}$ state has been observed for this band. The lifetimes of the high spin levels have been measured using the Doppler-shift attenuation method. The comparison of the experimental data with the numerical results of the shears mechanism with principal axis cranking calculation indicates that this band originates due to the tilted axis rotation. On the other hand, it has already been established that the negative-parity levels in the same spin domain originate due to the principal axis rotation.

We analyze next-to-leading-order (NLO) corrections and uncertainties for coherent $\mu \text{−}e$ conversion. The analysis is general, but numerical results focus on ${}^{27}\mathrm{Al}$, which will be used in the Muon-to-electron conversion (Mu2e) experiment. We obtain a simple expression for the branching ratio in terms of Wilson coefficients associated with possible physics beyond the standard model and a set of model-independent parameters determined solely by standard model dynamics. For scalar-mediated conversion, we find that NLO two-nucleon contributions can significantly decrease the branching ratio, potentially reducing the rate by as much as 50%. The pion-nucleon $\sigma$ term and quark masses give the dominant sources of parametric uncertainty in this case. For vector-mediated conversion, the impact of NLO contributions is considerably less severe, while the present theoretical uncertainties are comparable to parametric uncertainties.

The ${\beta }^{+}$ decay of ${}^{21}\mathrm{Na}$ to ${}^{21}\mathrm{Ne}$ is one of the four cases currently being used to determine the value of $V_{\mathrm{ud}}$ from nuclear mirror ($T=1/2$) transitions. To date, published values for the half-life of ${}^{21}\mathrm{Na}$ have not been consistent with one another. We report here a new measurement of the half-life: $22.4615\pm {0.0039}_{\left(\mathrm{stat}\right)}\pm {{}_{0.0015}^{0.0001}}_{\left(\mathrm{syst}\right)}s$. This result increases the world average of the ${}^{21}\mathrm{Na}$ half-life by 0.0048 s and reduces the uncertainty by a factor of 1.5.

The ${}^{162}\mathrm{Er}(n,2n){}^{161}\mathrm{Er}$ reaction cross section ($E_{th}=9.26\mathrm{MeV}$) was measured at six incident neutron beam energies by means of the activation technique. Two energy regions were covered in the present work: the near-threshold energies between 10.7 and 11.3 MeV, as well as the higher energies from 17.1 up to 19.0 MeV. In this way, the energy range from the reaction threshold up to 19 MeV was experimentally mapped, considering also the existing experimental information around 14 MeV. The quasi-monoenergetic neutron beam at near-threshold energies was produced via the ${}^2\mathrm{H}\left(d,n\right){}^3\mathrm{He}$ reaction, while the higher neutron beam energies were achieved by using the ${}^3\mathrm{H}\left(d,n\right){}^4\mathrm{He}$ reaction. The primary deuteron beam was delivered in both cases by the 5.5 MV Tandem Van de Graaff accelerator of NSCR “Demokritos.” Statistical model calculations were performed and compared with all the available experimental data.

Based on the chiral kinetic approach using quarks and antiquarks from a multiphase transport model as initial conditions, we study the chiral magnetic effect, i.e., the magnetic field induced separation of charged particles in the transverse plane, in noncentral isobaric collisions of $\mathrm{Zr}+\mathrm{Zr}$ and $\mathrm{Ru}+\mathrm{Ru}$, which have the same atomic number but different proton numbers. For the observable ${\gamma }^{\mathrm{OS}}-{\gamma }^{\mathrm{SS}}$ related to the difference between the correlations of particles of opposite charges and of same charges, we find a difference between the two collision systems if the magnetic field has a long lifetime of 0.6 $\mathrm{fm}/c$ and the observable is evaluated using the initial reaction plane. This signal of the chiral magnetic effect becomes smaller and comparable to the background contributions from elliptic flow if the event plane determined from particle emission angles is used. For the other observable given by the $R\left(\mathrm{\Delta }S\right)$ correlator related to the distribution of average charge separation in a collision, it depends less on whether the reaction or event plane is used in the analysis, making it a plausible observable for identifying the chiral magnetic effect from its difference in the two isobaric collision systems.

We present measurements of two-particle angular correlations between high-transverse-momentum ($2<p_T<11$ GeV/$c$) ${\pi }^0$ observed at midrapidity ($\left|\eta \right|<0.35$) and particles produced either at forward ($3.1<\eta <3.9$) or backward ($-3.7<\eta <-3.1$) rapidity in $d+\mathrm{Au}$ and $p+p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{\mathit{NN}}}}=200$ GeV. The azimuthal angle correlations for particle pairs with this large rapidity gap in the Au-going direction exhibit a characteristic structure that persists up to $p_T\approx 6$ GeV/$c$ and which strongly depends on collision centrality, which is a similar characteristic to the hydrodynamical particle flow in $A+A$ collisions. The structure is absent in the $d$-going direction as well as in $p+p$ collisions, in the transverse-momentum range studied. The results indicate that the structure is shifted in the Au-going direction toward more central collisions, similar to the charged-particle pseudorapidity distributions.

The single-neutron configurations of several low-lying states in ${}^{22}\mathrm{F}$ have been determined from neutron-adding cross sections of a ($d,p$) reaction using a ${}^{21}\mathrm{F}$ radioactive beam in inverse kinematics. Final states in ${}^{22}\mathrm{F}$ consisting of a proton in the $\pi 0d_{5/2}$ orbital coupled to a neutron in either the $\nu 0d_{5/2}$, $\nu 1s_{1/2}$, or $\nu 0d_{3/2}$ orbitals were observed up to an excitation energy of $\sim 5$ MeV. Spectroscopic factors and strengths were determined from the angular distribution of the cross sections using a distorted wave Born approximation method. The distribution of the $\nu 0d_{5/2}$ and $\nu 1s_{1/2}$ strength was well described by all USD effective shell model interactions, while only the more recent USDA/USDB interactions showed a marked improvement in describing the observed $\nu 0d_{3/2}$ strength. Diagonal two-body matrix elements of the ${\left(0d_{5/2}\right)}_{J=0–5}^2$ effective nucleon-nucleon interaction were extracted from the data and compared with previous determinations of the same matrix elements from particle-particle and hole-hole spectra, as well as the calculated results of the USDA interactions. No significant discrepancies were observed. Inspection of the monopole energies showed that an improved agreement between the different empirical matrix elements is found if a mass dependence is included.

To probe CP violation in the leptonic sector using GeV energy neutrino beams in current and future experiments using argon detectors, precise models of the complex underlying neutrino and antineutrino interactions are needed. The E12-14-012 experiment at Jefferson Lab Hall A was designed to perform a combined analysis of inclusive and exclusive electron scatterings on both argon ($N=22$) and titanium ($Z=22$) nuclei using GeV-energy electron beams. The measurement on titanium nucleus provides essential information to understand the neutrino scattering on argon, large contribution to which comes from scattering off neutrons. Here we report the first experimental study of electron-titanium scattering as double-differential cross section at beam energy $E=2.222$ GeV and electron-scattering angle $\theta =15.{541}^{\circ }$, measured over a broad range of energy transfer, spanning the kinematical regions in which quasielastic scattering and delta production are the dominant reaction mechanisms. The data provide valuable new information needed to develop accurate theoretical models of the electromagnetic and weak cross sections of these complex nuclei in the kinematic regime of interest to neutrino experiments.

Within the framework of dinuclear system model, the synthesis of the superheavy elements (SHEs) $Z=119$ and $Z=120$ is investigated. The entrance channel effects on capture cross section, fusion probability, survival probability, and evaporation residue cross section are investigated. We calculate the production cross sections in 276 possible reactions (with stable projectiles of $Z=20$–30 and targets with the half-lives longer than 20 days) and show the promising ones for the synthesizing SHEs $Z=119$ and $Z=120$. It is found that the systems ${}^{44}\mathrm{Ca}+{}^{252}\mathrm{Es}$ and ${}^{40}\mathrm{Ca}+{}^{257}\mathrm{Fm}$ are the most favorable to produce the SHEs $Z=119$ and $Z=120$ with maximal production cross sections (optimal incident energies) of 4.32 pb (204.27 MeV) and 1.24 pb (205.66 MeV), respectively.