The nonmesonic weak decay of the doubly strange hypernucleus ${}_{\mathrm{\Lambda }\mathrm{\Lambda }}{}^6\mathrm{He}$ is studied within a model that considers the exchange of pseudoscalar and vector mesons. Special attention is paid to quantifying the strong interaction effects, focusing on the interaction among the two $\mathrm{\Lambda }$ hyperons that induces novel weak transitions, whereby $\mathrm{\Lambda }\mathrm{\Lambda }$, $\mathrm{\Xi }N$, and $\mathrm{\Sigma }\mathrm{\Sigma }$ states decay into a hyperon-nucleon pair. The initial strangeness $-2$ wave function is obtained from the solution of a $G$-matrix equation with the input of realistic strong baryon-baryon potentials, while the final hyperon-nucleon wave functions are derived analogously from a microscopic $T$-matrix calculation. The new $\mathrm{\Lambda }\mathrm{\Lambda }\to YN$ decay rate studied in this work, ${\mathrm{\Gamma }}_{\mathrm{\Lambda }n}+{\mathrm{\Gamma }}_{{\mathrm{\Sigma }}^{0}n}+{\mathrm{\Gamma }}_{{\mathrm{\Sigma }}^{-}p}$, represents 3–4% of the total one-baryon-induced nonmesonic decay and is remarkably affected by strong interaction effects. In particular, the relative importance of the partial decay rates encoded in the ratio ${\mathrm{\Gamma }}_{\mathrm{\Lambda }n}/({\mathrm{\Gamma }}_{{\mathrm{\Sigma }}^{0}n}+{\mathrm{\Gamma }}_{{\mathrm{\Sigma }}^{-}p})$ gets inverted when the mixing to $\mathrm{\Xi }N$ states is incorporated in the initial correlated $\mathrm{\Lambda }\mathrm{\Lambda }$ wave function. This sensitivity can be used experimentally to learn about the strong interaction in the strangeness $-2$ sector.

We present first-principles predictions for the liquid-gas phase transition in symmetric nuclear matter employing both two- and three-nucleon chiral interactions. Our discussion focuses on the sources of systematic errors in microscopic quantum many-body predictions. On the one hand, we test uncertainties of our results arising from changes in the construction of chiral Hamiltonians. We use five different chiral forces with consistently derived three-nucleon interactions. On the other hand, we compare the ladder resummation in the self-consistent Green's functions approach to finite-temperature Brueckner-Hartree-Fock calculations. We find that systematics due to Hamiltonians dominate over many-body uncertainties. Based on this wide pool of calculations, we estimate that the critical temperature is $T_c=16\pm 2$ MeV, in reasonable agreement with experimental results. We also find that there is a strong correlation between the critical temperature and the saturation energy in microscopic many-body simulations.

Monoisotopic samples of exotic, neutron-rich ${}^{117}\mathrm{Rh}$ nuclei, produced in the proton-induced fission of ${}^{238}\mathrm{U}$ and separated using the IGISOL mass separator coupled to the JYFLTRAP Penning trap, were used to perform $\beta$ and $\gamma$ coincidence spectroscopy of ${}^{117}\mathrm{Pd}$. The spin parity of the ground state of ${}^{117}\mathrm{Pd}$ was determined to be $1/2^{+}$ and the 19.1 ms isomer at 203.2 keV was assigned a spin-parity $7/2^{-}$. The ${}^{117}\mathrm{Rh}$ ${\beta }^{-}$-decay scheme was considerably extended, and various sequences of the levels were interpreted as resulting from the prolate, oblate, and triaxial nuclear shapes. Some of the ${\beta }^{-}$ decays were considered as the allowed Gamow-Teller transitions. The experimental distribution of Gamow-Teller strength is discussed.

Within the time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) approach, we investigate the impact of several ingredients of the nuclear effective interaction, such as incompressibility, symmetry energy, effective mass, derivative of the Lane potential, and surface terms on the exit channel (fusion vs quasifission) observed in the reaction ${}^{238}\mathrm{U}+{}^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$, close to the Coulomb barrier. Our results show that all the ingredients listed above contribute to the competition between fusion and quasifission processes; however, the leading role in determining the outcome of the reaction is played by incompressibility, symmetry energy, and the isoscalar coefficient of the surface term. This study unravels the complexity of the fusion and quasifission reaction dynamics and helps us to understand the microscopic processes responsible for the final outcome of low-energy heavy-ion collisions in terms of relevant features of the nuclear effective interaction and associated equation of state (EOS).

The Gogny D1M potential energy surfaces are used to extract the fission barrier of a large number of nuclei and to study in a systematic way the evolution of the fission barrier height depending on the proton and neutron numbers to deduce possible links with nuclear shell closures and are compared with evaluated nuclear data. The least-action paths are also computed, using Dijkstra's algorithm, and compared to the least-energy paths. Spontaneous fission half-lives are also calculated and compared with experimental data.

The neutrino emissivity from the proton branch of the modified Urca process is calculated. Angular integrations in momentum space are performed numerically without recourse to widely used, but unjustified in this specific case, approximations. To deal with nuclear correlation effects, the independent-pair approximation for nucleon quasiparticles is assumed. The realistic nuclear correlation effects are extracted from a modified extended version of the lowest-order constrained variational method in asymmetric nuclear matter in $\beta$ equilibrium with electrons and muons that allows for three-body nucleon interactions and fits all semiempirical saturation parameters of nuclear matter quite well. Two-body nucleon interaction is modeled by a realistic Argonne AV18 potential and the three-body potential used is a phenomenological Urbana UIX, generalizing parametrization of its component strengths in a manner suitable for application in asymmetric nuclear matter. Limiting to the two-body forces only, we find that, at fixed temperature, neutrino emissivity is a (weakly) decreasing function of density. This is also the case for the neutron branch of the modified Urca process analyzed by us in a recent paper. Inclusion of the modified three-body force effects changes this behavior. Quantitatively the value of the emissivity at each density increases and qualitatively the overall effect of the modified three-body force addition is such that dependence on density becomes weak in a density range from $n_0$ to $3.5n_0$. An updated version of neutron branch results obtained using our modified three-body force model is also presented. This is done using exact treatment of the angular integrations of nuclear transition rate in momentum space.

The lattice QCD analyses of the HAL QCD Collaboration predicts a strongly attractive potential in the $\mathrm{\Omega }N{}^5\mathrm{S}_2$ channel which supports a bound state. In this paper, we show that this $\mathrm{\Omega }N$ channel together with the $NN{}^3\mathrm{S}_1$ channel give rise to a $\mathrm{\Omega }d$ bound state in the state with maximal spin $(I,J^P)=(0,5/2^{+})$ with a binding energy of $\sim 17\mathrm{MeV}$.

The search for new decay chains of oganesson isotopes is presented. The experiment utilized the Dubna Gas Filled Recoil Separator and a highly segmented recoil-decay detection system. The signals from all detectors were analyzed in parallel by digital and analog data acquisition systems. For the first time, a target of mixed californium (51% ${}^{249}\mathrm{Cf}$, 13% ${}^{250}\mathrm{Cf}$, and 36% ${}^{251}\mathrm{Cf})$ recovered from decayed ${}^{252}\mathrm{Cf}$ sources was produced and irradiated with an intense ${}^{48}\mathrm{Ca}$ beam. The observation of a new decay chain of ${}^{294}\mathrm{Og}$ is reported. The prospects for reaching new isotopes ${}^{295,296}\mathrm{Og}$ are discussed.

The ${}^{10}\mathrm{B}+{}^{120}\mathrm{Sn}$ reaction has been systematically studied at laboratory energies around the Coulomb barrier: $E_{\mathrm{LAB}}=31.5$, 33.5, 35.0, and 37.5 MeV. Cross sections for the elastic scattering and some reaction processes have been measured: excitation to the $1^{+}$ state of ${}^{10}\mathrm{B}$; excitation to the $2^{+}$ and $3^{-}$ states of ${}^{120}\mathrm{Sn}$; and the one-neutron pick-up transfer ${}^{120}\mathrm{Sn}({}^{10}\mathrm{B},{}^{11}\mathrm{B}){}^{119}\mathrm{Sn}$. Coupled reaction channel (CRC) calculations have been performed in the context of the double-folding São Paulo potential. The theoretical calculations result in a good overall description of the experimental angular distributions. The effect on the theoretical elastic-scattering angular distributions of couplings to the inelastic and transfer states (through the CRC calculations) and to the continuum states (through continuum-discretized coupled-channels calculations) has been investigated.

We perform a systematic study on the decorrelation of anisotropic flows along the pseudorapidity in relativistic heavy-ion collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) energies. The dynamical evolution of the quark-gluon plasma fireball is simulated via the CLVisc (ideal) ($3+1$)-dimensional hydrodynamics model, with the fully fluctuating initial condition from the A-Multi-Phase-Transport (AMPT) model. A detailed analysis is performed of the longitudinal decorrelations of elliptic, triangular, and quadrangular flows in terms of flow vectors, flow magnitudes, and flow orientations (event planes). It is found that pure flow magnitudes have a smaller longitudinal decorrelation than pure flow orientations, and the decorrelation of flow vectors is a combined effect of both flow magnitudes and orientations. The longitudinal decorrelation of elliptic flow has a strong and nonmonotonic centrality dependence due to the initial elliptic collision geometry: the smallest decorrelation in midcentral collisions. In contrast, the decorrelations of triangular and quadrangular flows have a weak centrality dependence, with slightly larger decorrelations in more peripheral collisions. Our numerical results for Pb + Pb collisions at the LHC are in good agreement with the ATLAS data, while our RHIC results predict much larger longitudinal decorrelations compared to the LHC. We further analyze the longitudinal structures of the AMPT initial conditions and find that the final-state longitudinal decorrelation effects are strongly correlated with the lengths of the initial string structures in the AMPT model. The decorrelation effects are typically larger at lower collision energies and in more peripheral collisions due to the shorter lengths of the string structures in the initial states.

We have studied the rapidity-odd directed flow in ${}^{197}\mathrm{Au}+{}^{197}\mathrm{Au}$ collisions in the beam energy range from $\sqrt{s_{\mathit{NN}}}=7.7$ to 39 GeV within the framework of an extended multiphase transport model with both partonic and hadronic mean-field potentials incorporated. Effects of the partonic scatterings, mean-field potentials, hadronization, and hadronic evolution on the directed flow are investigated, and it is found that the final directed flow is mostly sensitive to the partonic scatterings and the hadronization mechanism. Our study shows that a negative slope of the proton directed flow does not necessarily need the equation of state with a first-order phase transition.

The magnesium-potassium anticorrelation observed in globular cluster NGC2419 can be explained by nuclear burning of hydrogen in hot environments. The exact site of this nuclear burning is, as yet, unknown. In order to constrain the sites responsible for this anticorrelation, the nuclear reactions involved must be well understood. The ${}^{39}\mathrm{K}+p$ reactions are one such pair of reactions. Here, we report a new evaluation of the ${}^{39}\mathrm{K}(p,\gamma ){}^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$ reaction rate by taking into account ambiguities and measurement uncertainties in the nuclear data. The uncertainty in the ${}^{39}\mathrm{K}(p,\gamma ){}^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$ reaction rate is larger than previously assumed, and its influence on nucleosynthesis models is demonstrated. We find the ${}^{39}\mathrm{K}(p,\gamma ){}^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$ reaction cross section should be the focus of future experimental study to help constrain models aimed at explaining the magnesium-potassium anticorrelation in globular clusters.

Interactions from chiral effective field theory have been successfully employed in a broad range of ab initio calculations of nuclei and nuclear matter, but it has been observed that most results of few- and many-body calculations experience a substantial residual regulator and cutoff dependence. In this work, we investigate the behavior of local chiral potentials at leading order under variation of the cutoff scale for different local regulators. When varying the cutoff, we require that the resulting interaction produces no spurious bound states in the deuteron channel. We find that, for a particular choice of leading-order operators, nucleon-nucleon phase shifts and the deuteron ground-state energy converge to cutoff-independent plateaus for all regulator functions we investigate. This observation may enable improved calculations with chiral Hamiltonians that also include three-nucleon interactions.

We systematically study the properties of single-$\mathrm{\Lambda },\mathrm{\Xi }$, and $\mathrm{\Sigma }$ hypernuclei within the framework of relativistic mean-field model. The $YN$ coupling constants are constrained according to the experimental data and previous theoretical efforts. By adding a hyperon to ${}^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$, we investigate its mean-field potentials, single-hyperon levels, density distributions, and binding energies, where the consequences of introducing different types of hyperons ($\mathrm{\Lambda },{\mathrm{\Xi }}^{0,-}$, and ${\mathrm{\Sigma }}^{+,0,-}$) are examined. In general, the $\mathrm{\Lambda }$ and ${\mathrm{\Sigma }}^0$ hyperons show similar behaviors in bulk properties since both of them are electroneutral and have similar coupling constants; ${\mathrm{\Xi }}^0$ hyperon owns the shallowest mean-field potential well with the most extended density distribution; and Coulomb interactions play vital roles in the charged ${\mathrm{\Xi }}^{-},{\mathrm{\Sigma }}^{-}$, and ${\mathrm{\Sigma }}^{+}$ hyperons. As a result, those hyperons have different impurity effects on the nuclear core ${}^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$. The $\omega YY$ tensor couplings are included and show remarkable effects on the spin-orbit splitting which even change the level ordering of $\mathrm{\Xi }$ hyperon. Finally, the single-hyperon binding energy of hypernuclei generally increases with the mass number. However, there is a turning point for ${\mathrm{\Sigma }}^{+}$ hypernuclei at ${}_{{\mathrm{\Sigma }}^{+}}{}^{91}\mathrm{Nb}$ where the binding energy begins to decrease. This is mainly due to the increasing Coulomb repulsive potential at large proton numbers.

The decay half-life of the ${}^{96}\mathrm{Zr}$ isotope was measured by applying isotope geochemistry techniques to ancient (0.9 and 2.68 Gyr) ${\mathrm{ZrSiO}}_4$ (zircon) samples, with the objective to separate the single and double $\beta$-decay branches. The single $\beta$ decay provides one of the most direct tests for theoretical models describing neutrinoless $\beta \beta$ decays. Both the single and the double $\beta$-decay branches lead to the same final nucleus ${}^{96}\mathrm{Mo}$ and generate an isotopic anomaly over geological time scales. After a chemical separation, the Mo isotopic composition was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS). The ${}^{96}\mathrm{Mo}$ isotopic anomaly was determined in two complete replicate analyses to be 107(40) and 88(20) ppm, which translates to a ${}^{96}\mathrm{Zr}$ half-life of $T_{1/2}=\left(2.{03}_{-0.31}^{+0.46}\right)\times {10}^{19}\mathrm{yr}$. With the $2\nu \beta \beta$ partial decay half-life of the ground-state to ground-state transition known from NEMO-3 to be $2.35\pm 0.21\times {10}^{19}$ yr and all other partial $\beta \beta$-decay half-lives expected to be many orders of magnitude longer, a lower limit for the single-$\beta$-decay half-life is set at $T_{1/2}^{\beta }\ge 6.2\times {10}^{19}$ yr.

In this article we investigate the beam-energy dependence of relativistic retardation effects of electrical fields on the single and double ${\pi }^{-}/{\pi }^{+}$ ratios in three heavy-ion reactions with an isospin- and momentum-dependent transport model IBUU11. With the beam energy increasing from 200 to 400 MeV/nucleon, effects of the relativistically retarded electrical fields on the ${\pi }^{-}/{\pi }^{+}$ ratio are found to increase gradually from negligible to considerably significant as expected; it is, however, an interesting observation that the relativistic retardation effects of electrical fields on the ${\pi }^{-}/{\pi }^{+}$ ratio become gradually insignificant as the beam energy further increases from 400 to 800 MeV/nucleon. That is to say, with the beam energy increasing, the competition of enhanced anisotropic features of retarded electrical fields and reduced duration time of the reactions gets effects of the relativistically retarded electrical fields on the ${\pi }^{-}/{\pi }^{+}$ ratio to be maximum around 400 MeV/nucleon. Therefore, the relativistic retardation effects of electrical fields should be carefully considered in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energy especially around 400 MeV/nucleon when using the ${\pi }^{-}/{\pi }^{+}$ ratio as the probe of nuclear symmetry energy. Moreover, we also investigate the isospin dependence of relativistic retardation effects of electrical fields on the ${\pi }^{-}/{\pi }^{+}$ ratio in two isobar reaction systems of ${}^{96}\mathrm{Ru}+{}^{96}\mathrm{Ru}$ and ${}^{96}\mathrm{Zr}+{}^{96}\mathrm{Zr}$ at the beam energies from 200 to 800 MeV/nucleon. It is shown that the relativistic retardation effects of electrical fields on the ${\pi }^{-}/{\pi }^{+}$ ratio are independent of the isospin of reaction. Furthermore, we also examine the double ${\pi }^{-}/{\pi }^{+}$ ratio in reactions of ${}^{96}\mathrm{Zr}+{}^{96}\mathrm{Zr}$ over ${}^{96}\mathrm{Ru}+{}^{96}\mathrm{Ru}$ at the beam energies from 200 to 800 MeV/nucleon with the static field and retarded field, respectively. It is shown that the double ${\pi }^{-}/{\pi }^{+}$ ratio from two reactions is still an effective observable of symmetry energy without the interference of electrical field due to using the relativistic calculation compared to the nonrelativistic calculation.

A systematic global phenomenological optical model potential for a ${}^6\mathrm{Li}$ projectile is established by studying the experimental data of elastic-scattering angular distributions and reaction cross sections from ${}^{24}\mathrm{Mg}$ to ${}^{209}\mathrm{Bi}$ below 250 MeV. Based on the obtained ${}^6\mathrm{Li}$ global phenomenological optical model potential, the extensive analysis of ${}^6\mathrm{Li}$ elastic scattering is performed for different targets by comparing with the corresponding experimental data. It is found that the results calculated using the global optical model potential are consistent with a large body of elastic-scattering data for the reactions involving ${}^6\mathrm{Li}$ incidence. Application of the global potential is performed to predict the elastic-scattering angular distributions and reaction cross sections for those targets outside of the mass range. The reasonable results are also obtained.

An exponential correlation has been observed between the cross section $\sigma$ and the average binding energy $\langle B^{\prime }\rangle$ of proton-rich isotopes measured in the $650A\mathrm{MeV}{}^{58}\mathrm{Ni}+{}^9\mathrm{Be}$ projectile fragmentation reaction. Based on the correlation, both the cross section and the binding energy of the isotope, which is close to the proton-drip, can be predicted. The binding energy of $Z=21\text{–}28$ isotopes with $T_z$ from $-3$ to $-2$, have been determined from their measured cross sections. And the cross sections for isotopes without experimental results have been predicted by adopting the evaluated binding energy in AME16. The determined binding energies of isotopes in the $650A\mathrm{MeV}{}^{58}\mathrm{Ni}+{}^9\mathrm{Be}$ reaction have also been used to study the isotopes production in the $140A\mathrm{MeV}{}^{58}\mathrm{Ni}+{}^9\mathrm{Be}$ reaction. The determined binding energies of the isotopes are verified to obey a scaling phenomenon of mirror nuclei.

Masses and decay constants of scalar $D_0$ and $D_{s0}$ mesons in isospin asymmetric strange hadronic matter at finite temperature are evaluated using QCD sum rules and a chiral SU(3) model. In-medium light quark condensates, ${〈\overline{u}u〉}_{{\rho }_B}$ and ${〈\overline{d}d〉}_{{\rho }_B}$; strange quark condensates, ${〈\overline{s}s〉}_{{\rho }_B}$; and gluon condensates, ${〈\frac{{\alpha }_s}{\pi }{G^a}_{\mu \nu }{G^a}^{\mu \nu }〉}_{{\rho }_B}$, needed in QCD sum rule calculations are evaluated using a chiral SU(3) model. As an application, we calculate the in-medium partial decay width of scalar $D_0$ ($D_{s0}$) mesons decaying to $D+\pi$ ($D_s+\pi$) pseudoscalar mesons using a ${}^{3}P_0$ model. The medium effects in their decay widths are assimilated through the modification in the masses of these mesons. These results may be helpful to understand the possible outcomes of future experiments like the Compressed Baryonic Matter and anti-Proton Annihilation at Darmstadt experiments at the GSI Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research where the study of charmed hadrons is a major goal.

We study the properties of the $\mathrm{\Delta }$ isobar in the symmetric and asymmetric nuclear matter using the QCD sum rules approach based on the energy dispersion relation. Allowing for different continuum thresholds for the polarization tensors with different dimensions, we find stable masses for the $\mathrm{\Delta }$ in both the vacuum and the medium. Compared to the nucleon case, we find that the vector repulsion is smaller for the $\mathrm{\Delta }$ while the scalar attraction is similar (75 MeV vector repulsion and 200 MeV scalar attraction in the symmetric matter). The smaller vector repulsion can be understood using the Pauli principle and a constituent quark model. Also, the isospin dependence of the quasiparticle energy, which mainly comes from the vector self-energy, is quite weak. We also allow for an explicit $\pi -N$ continuum contribution to the polarization function but find its effect to be minimal. Phenomenological consequences of our results are discussed.