We present a comprehensive study of mass modifications of scalar, pseudoscalar, vector, and axial-vector mesons in nuclear matter using the three-flavor extended linear $\sigma$ model (eLSM) and the two-flavor parity doublet model (PDM). The meson masses in nuclear matter are determined by calculating the one-loop nucleon corrections to the meson mean fields. As a result, we find all spin-0 meson masses except those of the pion, kaon, and the lightest scalar-isoscalar mesons decrease at finite baryon density. For spin-1 mesons, masses of all axial-vector mesons decrease in medium, and the density dependences of the $\rho$- and $\omega$-meson masses strongly depend on the value of chiral invariant mass ($M_0$). Also, our results suggest $M_0\approx 0.8\mathrm{GeV}$ is preferable.

Based on the statistical theory of light nucleus reactions, the description of the complicated emission processes of proton and light composite charged particles are further improved through considering the effects of Coulomb barriers both in incident and different outgoing reaction channels. Moreover, the analysis of the reaction channels including the sequential and simultaneous emission processes for $p+{}^7\mathrm{Li}$ reaction is performed in detail. So the partial spectra of all of outgoing particles are also obtained for different reaction processes. The calculated double-differential cross sections of total outgoing proton, deuteron, and triton at $E_p=14$ MeV agree well with the available experimental data for different outgoing angles. The ENDF-6 formatted data, which includes all of the reaction cross sections, elastic angular distributions, double-differential cross sections of nucleon, and light composite charged particles for the $p+{}^7\mathrm{Li}$ reaction, are also obtained by PUNF code.

The proton-proton momentum correlation function is constructed in three-body photodisintegration channels from ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$ and ${}^{16}\mathrm{O}$ targets in the quasideuteron regime within the framework of an extended quantum molecular dynamics model. Using the formula of Lednicky and Lyuboshitz (LL) for the momentum correlation function, we obtain a proton-proton momentum correlation function for the specific three-body photodisintegration channels of ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$ and ${}^{16}\mathrm{O}$ targets, which are assumed to have different initial geometric structures, and extract their respective emission source sizes for the proton-proton pair. The results demonstrate that constructing a proton-proton momentum correlation is feasible in photonuclear reactions, and it is sensitive to the initial nuclear structure. For future experimental studies investigating the $\alpha$-clustering structures of light nuclei, the present work can be used to shed light on the performance and correlation function analysis of ($\gamma ,pp$) or ($e,e^{\prime }pp$) reactions.

We show, within the framework of renormalized nuclear field theory and of the induced reaction surrogate formalism, that the highly debated ${}^{10}\mathrm{Li}$ structure, studied in a recent high statistics ${}^9\mathrm{Li}(d,p){}^{10}\mathrm{Li}$ one-neutron transfer experiment, is consistent with, or better, requires, the presence of a virtual $1/2^{+}$ state of similar single-particle strength than that of the $1/2^{-}$ resonance at $0.45\pm 0.03\mathrm{MeV}$. Based on continuum spectroscopy self-energy techniques, we find that the physical mechanism responsible for parity inversion in ${}_3{}^{10}\mathrm{Li}$ is the same as that at the basis of the similar phenomenon observed in ${}_4{}^{11}\mathrm{Be}$ and as that needed in ${}^{11}\mathrm{Li}$ to have an important $s$-wave ground-state component. In particular the strong dynamical coupling between the $s_{1/2}$ and the $d_{5/2}$ states, mediated by the quadrupole vibration of the core ${}^9\mathrm{Li}$. A phenomenon which also affects the strength distribution of the $d_{5/2}$ state, in particular, in the energy range of 3–4.5 MeV. Furthermore, this mechanism is also consistent with the (normal) sequence of the $1p_{1/2}$ and $2s_{1/2}$ levels in the $N=7$ isotones ${}_5{}^{12}\mathrm{B}$ and ${}_6{}^{13}\mathrm{C}$. The main aim of the present Rapid Communication is that of treating structure and reactions on equal footing and in a common language. In other words, the calculation of the ${}^9\mathrm{Li}(d,p){}^{10}\mathrm{Li}$ reaction as a single conceptual step from individual single-particle motion and collective vibrations to absolute double differential cross sections of renormalized virtual and resonant final states, which can be directly compared with experiment.

The JYFLTRAP double Penning trap at the Ion Guide Isotope Separator On-Line facility has been used to measure the atomic masses of 13 neutron-rich rare-earth isotopes. Eight of the nuclides, ${}^{161}\mathrm{Pm}, {}^{163}\mathrm{Sm}, {}^{164,165}\mathrm{Eu}, {}^{167}\mathrm{Gd}$, and ${}^{165,167,168}\mathrm{Tb}$, were measured for the first time. The systematics of the mass surface has been studied via one- and two-neutron separation energies as well as neutron pairing-gap and shell-gap energies. The proton-neutron pairing strength has also been investigated. The impact of the new mass values on the astrophysical rapid neutron capture process has been studied. The calculated abundance distribution results in a better agreement with the solar abundance pattern near the top of the rare-earth abundance peak at around $A\approx 165$.

Experimental results concerning the dynamical fission of quasiprojectiles in semiperipheral collisions for the system ${}^{80}\mathrm{Kr}+{}^{48}\mathrm{Ca}$ at 35 MeV/nucleon are presented. Data have been collected with four blocks of the FAZIA setup in the first physics experiment of the FAZIA Collaboration. The degree of isospin equilibration between the two fission fragments and its dependence on their charge asymmetry is investigated. The data are compared with the results of the AMD model coupled to GEMINI as an afterburner, in order to get hints about the timescale of the process.

From the past few years, increasing experimental evidence has shown that clusters (multiple of $\alpha$ particles) of intermediate mass are emitted with quite large cross sections at forward angles in heavy-ion reactions. In the present work a theoretical investigation has been made to explore the role of $\alpha$-clustering in ${}^{13,12}\mathrm{C}+{}^{12}\mathrm{C}$ reactions populating ${}^{25,24}\mathrm{Mg}^{*}$ compound nuclei (CN), which results in the enhanced cross sections of intermediate mass fragments (IMFs) within the collective clusterization framework of the dynamical cluster decay model (DCM). With in the formalism the experimental cross sections are reproduced using the spherical as well as deformed configurations effects included up to quadruple deformations (${\beta }_{2i}$) for two nuclei having optimum orientations ${\theta }^{\mathrm{opt}}$. The ratio of the calculated (fission-like) yields of each isotopic fragment ${}^{6,7}\mathrm{Li}, {}^{7,8,9}\mathrm{Be}$ obtained in the two reactions has been compared with the experimental and statistical model predictions also. The DCM calculated result is in little better comparison to the statistical models due to the inclusion of structure effects in the calculations. In the present calculations, the dynamical yields count for the preformation probability ($P_0$) of the IMFs within the collective clusterization process of DCM, before penetrating the scattering potential barrier. Quite interestingly, the calculated ratio of $P_0$ of the corresponding IMFs $P_{0\left(\mathrm{IMFs}\right)}^{{}^{25}\mathrm{Mg}^{*}}/P_{0\left(\mathrm{IMFs}\right)}^{{}^{24}\mathrm{Mg}^{*}}$ for the CN ${}^{25,24}\mathrm{Mg}^{*}$ shows the trend of ratio of experimental cross sections, i.e., ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{IMFs}}^{{}^{25}\mathrm{Mg}^{*}}/{\sigma }_{\mathrm{IMFs}}^{{}^{24}\mathrm{Mg}^{*}}$. It is found that $\alpha$-cluster structure of complimentary fragments of the IMFs under investigation plays quite a significant role in their decays.

We investigate the dripline mirror nuclei ${}^{11}\mathrm{Li}$ and ${}^{11}\mathrm{O}$, located on the neutron and proton dripline, respectively. We calculate the lowest four states, $3/2^{-}$, $1/2^{+}$, $3/2^{+}$, and $5/2^{+}$, built on double occupancy in the nuclear $s_{1/2}$ and $p_{1/2}$ valence single-particle states. We use the hyperspherical adiabatic expansion method to solve the three-body problem for a frozen nuclear core surrounded by two identical nucleons. The four analog states in ${}^{11}\mathrm{O}$ are obtained with precisely the same interactions as used for the four states in ${}^{11}\mathrm{Li}$, except for addition of the Coulomb interaction from the charge of the substituted valence protons. Surprisingly, the four energies deviate from each other only by less than a few hundred keV. Any of them could then turn out to be the ground state, due to the uncertainty related to the angular momentum and parity dependence of the three-body potential. Still, our calculations marginally favor the $1/2^{+}$ state. The structures of these four states in ${}^{11}\mathrm{O}$ deviate substantially from the analog states in the mirror, ${}^{11}\mathrm{Li}$.

Spontaneous fission properties of the isotopes ${}^{255}\mathrm{Rf}$, ${}^{256}\mathrm{Rf}$, and ${}^{258}\mathrm{Rf}$ produced in the reactions ${}^{50}\mathrm{Ti}+{}^{207}\mathrm{Pb}$, ${}^{50}\mathrm{Ti}+{}^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$, and ${}^{50}\mathrm{Ti}+{}^{209}\mathrm{Bi}$ were studied. The method of time and position correlations was used to identify spontaneous fission events. The correction to the energy deficit in measured total kinetic energy (TKE) determined on the basis of a study of ${}^{252}\mathrm{No}$ was applied to evaluate the $\overline{\mathrm{TKE}}$ of investigated rutherfordium isotopes. A signature which we assigned tentatively to bimodal fission was observed in TKE distributions of ${}^{255}\mathrm{Rf}$ and ${}^{256}\mathrm{Rf}$. Two new high-K isomeric states in ${}^{255}\mathrm{Rf}$ were identified by ER-CE-(CE)-$\alpha$/SF correlation search, with half-lives of ${38}_{-7}^{+12}$ and ${15}_{-4}^{+6}$ $\mu \mathrm{s}$ at excitation energies 1150–1450 and 900–1200 keV, respectively. Including those metastable states a tentative partial level scheme was proposed.

The nonlocalized cluster model provides a new perspective on nuclear cluster effects and has been applied successfully to study cluster structures in various bound states and quasibound states (i.e., long-lived resonant states). In this work, we extend the application scope of the nonlocalized cluster model further to resonant and scattering states. Following the $R$-matrix theory, the configuration space is divided into the interior and exterior regions by a large channel radius such that the nuclear forces and the antisymmetrization effects become negligible between clusters in the exterior region. In the interior region, the picture of nonlocalized clustering is realized mathematically by adopting the Brink-Tohsaki-Horiuchi-Schuck-Röpke wave functions as the bases to construct the interior wave functions. The Bloch-Schrödinger equation is used to match the interior wave functions continuously with the asymptotic boundary conditions of the resonant and scattering states at the channel radius, which leads eventually to solutions of the problem. As a first test of the formalism, the low-lying resonant states of ${}^8\mathrm{Be}$ and the phase shifts of the $\alpha +\alpha$ elastic scattering are studied. The numerical results agree well with the experimental data, which shows the validity of the theoretical framework.

Following the idea of nucleon clustering and light-nuclei production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions close to the QCD critical-end point, we address the quantum effects affecting the interaction of several nucleons at finite temperature. For this aim we use the $K$-harmonics method to four-nucleon states ($\alpha$ particle), and also develop a novel semiclassical “flucton” method at finite temperature, based on certain classical paths in Euclidean time, and apply it to two- and four-particle configurations. To study possible effects on the light-nuclei production close to the QCD critical point, we also made such calculations with modified internuclear potentials. For heavy-ion experiments, we propose new measurements of light-nuclei multiplicity ratios which may show enhancements due to baryon preclustering. We point out the special role of the $\mathcal{O}\left(50\right)$ four-nucleon excitations of $\alpha$-particle, feeding into the final multiplicities of $d,t$, ${}^3\mathrm{He}$, and ${}^4\mathrm{He}$, and propose to directly look for their two-body decays.

Background: The nucleosynthesis of the group of neutron-deficient $p$ nuclei remains an unsolved puzzle in nuclear astrophysics. Among these nuclei, ${}^{94}\mathrm{Mo}$ is one of the most abundant and is notoriously underproduced in theoretical network calculations. In these networks, the respective cross sections and reaction rates play a crucial role. Since many reactions of astrophysical relevance are not accessible in the laboratory, a global and robust theoretical framework is required to provide reliable predictions.

Purpose: Extending the experimental database on the one hand and direct or indirect studies of the respective nuclear physics properties on the other hand are the key tasks of experimental nuclear astrophysics. For this purpose, total cross sections of the ${}^{93}\mathrm{Nb}(p,\gamma ){}^{94}\mathrm{Mo}$ reaction have been measured at proton energies between 2.0 and 5.0 MeV.

Methods: In-beam $\gamma$-ray spectroscopy has been utilized to measure total cross sections. In general, the total cross sections depend strongly on the $\gamma$-ray decay widths in ${}^{94}\mathrm{Mo}$, which are derived from the $\gamma$-ray strength function and the nuclear level density. In our analysis we use a Bayesian optimization analysis to disentangle the effects of the $\gamma$-ray strength function and the nuclear level density in ${}^{94}\mathrm{Mo}$.

Results: The total cross-section results reveal a significant discrepancy with respect to formerly published values. We propose parametrizations for the nuclear level density in ${}^{94}\mathrm{Mo}$ based on the microscopic level densities from Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov calculations. Moreover, we present $\gamma$-ray strength functions for the $E1$ and $M1$ mode in ${}^{94}\mathrm{Mo}$ that reveal a low-energy enhancement for $M1$ radiation and agree nicely with previous results.

Conclusions: A model-independent approach to study $E1$ and $M1$ strength functions has been presented. In general, radiative capture cross sections are a well-suited tool to constrain the reaction rates in reaction networks but also provide insight into the statistical $\gamma$-decay behavior of atomic nuclei.

Experiments at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider have measured the net polarization of $\mathrm{\Lambda }$ and $\overline{\mathrm{\Lambda }}$ hyperons and attributed it to a coupling between their spin and the vorticity of the fluid created in heavy ion collisions, but how the spin comes to equilibrium with vorticity is an open problem. Recently, we found that vorticity fluctuations and helicity flip of strange quarks in quark-gluon plasma through perturbative QCD processes resulted in equilibration times far too long to be relevant. Here, we consider the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with the inclusion of the six-quark Kobayashi-Maskawa–'t Hooft interaction which breaks axial U(1). Using instanton inspired models for the temperature dependence of the axial symmetry breaking, we find that constituent strange quarks can reach spin equilibrium at temperatures below about 170 MeV, just before they hadronize to form hyperons.

A very fast iterative method is presented to calculate the internal constitution of the outer crust of a cold nonaccreted neutron star, making use of very accurate analytical formulas for the transition pressures between adjacent crustal layers and their density. In addition to the composition of the different crustal layers, their depth and their baryonic mass content can be simultaneously estimated using an approximate solution of Einstein's general relativistic equations. The overall computing time is drastically reduced compared to the traditional approach, thus, opening the door to large-scale statistical studies and sensitivity analyses.

Hyperfine-structure constants for the $6s{}^2{S}_{1/2}$ and $6p{}^2{P}_{1/2}$ atomic states of the $I^{\pi }=11/2^{-}$ gold isomers ${}^{177,191,193,195}\mathrm{Au}^m$ have been measured at CERN-ISOLDE, using the in-source laser resonance-ionization spectroscopy technique. From the measured hyperfine constants the differences between hyperfine anomalies for these atomic states have been deduced. These differential hyperfine anomaly values have been used to determine the $6s$-state hyperfine anomaly relative to the stable ${}^{197}\mathrm{Au}$ with advanced atomic calculations. Magnetic dipole moments for the gold isomers in question have been deduced, taking into account the corresponding relative hyperfine-anomaly values. It has been shown that the commonly used prescription for the extraction of the magnetic moment values for the gold isotopes should be reconsidered. The magnetic moments calculated by this prescription have been reevaluated by properly accounting for the hyperfine anomaly, which is as large as 10% for several gold isotopes.

A systematic study of neutron-hole strength in the $N=81$ nuclei ${}^{137}\mathrm{Ba}, {}^{139}\mathrm{Ce}, {}^{141}\mathrm{Nd}$, and ${}^{143}\mathrm{Sm}$ is reported. The single-neutron removal reactions ($p,d$) and (${}^3\mathrm{He},\alpha$) were measured at energies of 23 and 34 MeV, respectively. Spectroscopic factors were extracted from measured cross sections through a distorted-wave Born approximation analysis and centroids of single-particle strength have been established. The change in these centroid energies as a function of proton number have been compared to calculations of the monopole shift for the $s_{1/2}$ and $h_{11/2}$ orbitals, where the majority of the strength has been observed. Significant fragmentation of strength was observed for the $d$ and $g_{7/2}$ orbitals, particularly for the latter orbital which is deeply bound, with summed strengths that indicate a significant amount lies outside of the measured excitation energy range.

Ultrahigh energetic neutrino events have been recorded by ICE-CUBE. The detection of these events indicates the extragalactic origin of the neutrinos. In order to characterized the elementary mechanisms responsible for the emission of these neutrinos it is necessary to determine their energy distributions and flavor compositions. In this work we are presenting the results of neutrino-nucleon cross section for the interaction with nucleons of a detector. The elementary diagrams for the neutrino-proton (or neutron) interactions have been calculated at the quark level adding the corresponding form factors for quarks in nucleons, as well as nuclear parton distribution functions. The leptonic sector of the current-current interactions have been calculated including neutrino oscillations and the mixing with a sterile neutrino.

New measurements of the neutron-neutron quasifree scattering cross section in neutron-deuteron breakup at an incident neutron energy of 10.0 MeV are reported. The experiment setup was optimized to evaluate the technique for determining the integrated beam-target luminosity in neutron-neutron coincidence cross-section measurements in neutron-deuteron breakup. The measurements were carried out with a systematic uncertainty of $\pm 5.6\%$. Our data are in agreement with theoretical calculations performed using the CD-Bonn nucleon-nucleon potential in the Faddeev formalism. The measured integrated cross section over the quasifree peak is $20.5\pm 0.5\text{(stat)}\pm 1.1\text{(sys)}{\text{mb/sr}}^2$ in comparison with the theory prediction of $20.1\mathrm{mb}/{\mathrm{sr}}^2$. These results validate our technique for determining the beam-target luminosity in neutron-deuteron breakup measurements.

A previous study of symmetric collisions of massive nuclei has shown that current models of multinucleon transfer (MNT) reactions do not adequately describe the transfer product yields. To gain further insight into this problem, we have measured the yields of MNT products in the interaction of 977 ($E/A=4.79$ MeV) and 1143 MeV ($E/A=5.60$ MeV) ${}^{204}\mathrm{Hg}$ with ${}^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$. We find that the yield of multinucleon transfer products are similar in these two reactions and are substantially lower than those observed in the reaction of 1257 MeV ($E/A=6.16$ MeV) ${}^{204}\mathrm{Hg}+{}^{198}\mathrm{Pt}$. We compare our measurements with the predictions of the GRAZING-F, dinuclear systems (DNS), and improved quantum molecular dynamics (ImQMD) models. For the observed isotopes of the elements Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, and Bi, the measured values of the MNT cross sections are orders of magnitude larger than the predicted values. Furthermore, the various models predict the formation of nuclides near the $N=126$ shell, which are not observed.

The suppression of high-momentum particles in heavy-ion collisions in comparison to elementary reactions is one of the main indications for the formation of a quark-gluon plasma. In recent studies, full jets are being reconstructed and substructure observables are gaining importance in assessing the medium modifications of hard probes. In this work, the effect of the late-stage hadronic interactions are explored within the hadronic transport approach simulating many accelerated strongly-interacting hadrons. High-momentum particles are incorporated in a radially expanding hadron gas to analyze the corresponding angular distributions, also refered to as “jet shape” observables. We find that for such an observable the full hadron gas can be approximated with a pion gas with constant elastic cross sections of 100 mb. In addition, the temperature and probe energy dependence of diffusion coefficients $\tilde{q}$ and $\tilde{e}$ quantifying the transverse and parallel momentum transfers are extracted. The species dependence and the importance of different interaction types are investigated. Parametrizations are presented that can be employed in future jet quenching calculations to include the effect of the hadronic phase.