The chiral magnetic wave (CMW) is sought using the charge asymmetry ($A_{\mathrm{ch}}$) dependence of anisotropic flow in heavy-ion collisions. The charge-dependent transverse momentum ($p_{\mathrm{T}}$), however, could play a role as a background. With the string fragmentation models, including pythia, we demonstrate the origin of the $A_{\mathrm{ch}}\text{−}{p}_{\mathrm{T}}$ correlation and its connection with the local charge conservation (LCC). The impact of $A_{\mathrm{ch}}\text{−}{p}_{\mathrm{T}}$ and its behavior in varied kinematic windows are also discussed. This study provides more insights for the search for the CMW and comprehending the collective motion of the quark-gluon plasma.

Prompt fission $\gamma$ rays (PFGs) resulting from the ${}^{240}\mathrm{Pu}(d,p\mathrm{f})$ reaction have been measured as a function of fissioning nucleus excitation energy $E_{\text{x}}$ at the Oslo Cyclotron Laboratory. We study the average total PFG multiplicity per fission, the average total PFG energy released per fission, and the average PFG energy. No significant changes in these characteristics are observed over the range $5.75<E_{\text{x}}<8.25$ MeV. The physical implications of this result are discussed. The experimental results are compared to simulations conducted using the computational fission model FREYA. We find that FREYA reproduces the experimental PFG characteristics within $8\%$ deviation across the $E_{\text{x}}$ range studied. Previous excitation energy-dependent PFG measurements conducted below the second-chance fission threshold have large uncertainties, but are generally in agreement with our results within a $2\sigma$ confidence interval. However, both a published parametrization of the PFG energy dependence and the most recent PFG evaluation included in ENDF/B-VIII.0 were found to poorly describe the PFG excitation-energy dependence observed in this and previous experiments.

Background: Actinium-225 is of interest for medical isotope production and there is on-going research into methods of producing ${}^{225}\mathrm{Ac}$, either directly or via the decay of its parent isotopes (${}^{229}\mathrm{Th}, {}^{229}\mathrm{Pa}$, and ${}^{225}\mathrm{Ra}$). One method that has been suggested is the ${}^{230}\mathrm{Th}(p,2n){}^{229}\mathrm{Pa}$ reaction. However, there is no available cross-section data for this reaction in the literature.

Purpose: Measure the ${}^{230}\mathrm{Th}(p,2n)$ and ${}^{230}\mathrm{Th}(p,3n)$ reaction cross sections in the energy range where the $(p,2n)$ reaction is predicted to peak to determine the feasibility of ${}^{225}\mathrm{Ac}$ production via the ${}^{230}\mathrm{Th}(p,2n)$ reaction.

Methods: Targets naturally enriched in ${}^{230}\mathrm{Th}$ were irradiated at the Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory with energies ranging from 14.1 to 16.9 MeV. Chemical processing was used to separate the protactinium activation products, followed by $\gamma$-ray spectroscopy to measure the activities of ${}^{228,229,230,232}\mathrm{Pa}$ produced in the irradiation.

Results: Excitation functions are reported for the first time in the literature for the ${}^{230}\mathrm{Th}(p,2n)$ and ${}^{230}\mathrm{Th}(p,3n)$ reactions in this energy range. The peak measured value of the ${}^{230}\mathrm{Th}(p,2n)$ reaction was found to be $182\pm 12$ mb at $14.4\pm 0.1$ MeV. The ${}^{232}\mathrm{Th}(p,n){}^{232}\mathrm{Pa}$ reaction was used to verify the experimental conditions, the measured values are reported and are comparable to the existing literature values. From the $\gamma$-ray spectrometry data, the half-life of ${}^{229}\mathrm{Pa}$ was measured as $1.5\pm 0.1$ days, which is within the error of the half-life reported in the evaluated nuclear data as well as in the recent measurements, and the half-life of ${}^{228}\mathrm{Pa}$ was measured as $19.5\pm 0.4$ hours.

Conclusions: The ${}^{230}\mathrm{Th}(p,2n){}^{229}\mathrm{Pa}$ reaction could reasonably be used for ${}^{225}\mathrm{Ac}$ isotope production, although significant amounts of relatively isotopically pure ${}^{230}\mathrm{Th}$ would be needed for significant production because the low alpha-decay branching ratio of ${}^{229}\mathrm{Pa}$ and long half-life of ${}^{229}\mathrm{Th}$ inhibit the in-growth of significant amounts of ${}^{225}\mathrm{Ac}$.

The role of different extensions of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model-like addition of vector interaction, Polyakov loop extended version (PNJL), and the entangled PNJL (EPNJL) models on transport coefficients, such as shear viscosity, bulk viscosity, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity are critically analyzed. We have considered the standard expressions of transport coefficients, obtained in relaxation time approximation of kinetic theory. Influence of temperature-dependent order parameters on the temperature profile of transport coefficients are analyzed. The causal aspect of the massless case to these different extended components of mean-field models are also picturized where an approximated lower and upper bound are drawn for shear relaxation time.

Data from the Large Hadron Collider on elliptic flow correlations at low and high $p_T$ from Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5.02\mathrm{TeV}$ are analyzed and interpreted in the framework of the hydjet++ model. This model allows us to describe simultaneously the region of both low and high transverse momenta and, therefore, to reproduce the experimentally observed nontrivial centrality dependence of elliptic flow correlations. The origin of the correlations between low and high-$p_T$ flow components in peripheral lead-lead collisions is traced to correlations of particles in jets.

The data on the proton form factors in the timelike region from the BaBar, BESIII, and CMD-3 Collaborations are examined to have coherent pieces of information on the proton structure. Oscillations in the annihilation cross section, previously observed, are determined with better precision. The moduli of the individual form factors, determined for the first time, their ratios, and the angular asymmetry of the annihilation reaction $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to \overline{p}p$ are discussed. Fits of the available data on the cross section, the effective form factor, and the form factor ratio, allow to propose a description of the electric and magnetic timelike form factors from the threshold up to the highest momenta.

Radiative neutron capture reactions play an important role in nuclear astrophysics. In some cases direct neutron capture reaction studies are not possible and neutron transfer reactions have been suggested as a surrogate approach. We have performed a detailed study of the ${}^{25}\mathrm{Mg}(d,p){}^{26}\mathrm{Mg}$ reaction at a beam energy of 56 MeV as a surrogate reaction to the radiative neutron capture reaction ${}^{25}\mathrm{Mg}(n,\gamma ){}^{26}\mathrm{Mg}$. A large number of neutron bound and unbound states between 10.6 and 12.1 MeV excitation energy in ${}^{26}\mathrm{Mg}$ were observed. Angular distribution analysis provided information about the orbital momentum transfer populating these levels. The comparison with resonances observed in the ${}^{25}\mathrm{Mg}(n,\gamma ){}^{26}\mathrm{Mg}$ reaction indicate that different levels in ${}^{26}\mathrm{Mg}$ are being populated through the two reaction mechanisms, causing substantial discrepancies in the reaction-rate prediction. This result demonstrates that neutron transfer reaction studies may not necessarily lead to reliable predictions for neutron capture reaction rates.

As the densities in the interior of neutron stars exceed those of terrestrial nuclear experiments, they provide a scope for studying the nature of dense matter under extreme conditions. The composition of the inner core of neutron stars is highly uncertain, and it is speculated that exotic forms of matter such as hyperons may appear there. Gravitational waves emitted by unstable oscillation modes in neutron stars contain information about their interior composition and therefore allow us to probe the interior directly. Recently, a systematic investigation of $f$-mode oscillations in neutron stars revealed the role of the uncertainty in nuclear saturation parameters, particularly the effective nucleon mass, on its frequency. In this work, we study the influence of the appearance of hyperons on $f$-mode oscillation frequencies and therefore on the emission of gravitational waves. We also speculate whether a future detection of $f$-mode frequencies could provide a possibility of probing the presence of hyperons in the neutron star core.

The extraction of the relative abundances of short-range correlated (SRC) nucleon pairs from inclusive electron scattering is studied using the generalized contact formalism (GCF) with several nuclear interaction models. GCF calculations can reproduce the observed scaling of the cross-section ratios for nuclei relative to deuterium at high $x_B$ and large $Q^2, a_2=({\sigma }_A/A)/({\sigma }_d/2)$. In the nonrelativistic instant-form formulation, the calculation is very sensitive to the model parameters and only reproduces the data using parameters that are inconsistent with ab initio many-body calculations. Using a light-cone GCF formulation significantly decreases this sensitivity and improves the agreement with ab initio calculations. The ratio of similar mass isotopes, such as ${}^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$ and ${}^{48}\mathrm{Ca}$, should be sensitive to the nuclear asymmetry dependence of SRCs, but is found to also be sensitive to low-energy nuclear structure. Thus the empirical association of SRC pair abundances with the measured $a_2$ values is only accurate to about $20\%$. Improving this will require cross-section calculations that reproduce the data while properly accounting for both nuclear structure and relativistic effects.

We present predictions for the second- and fourth-order curvature coefficients of the QCD phase transition line using the NNLO HTLpt-resummed thermodynamic potential. We present three cases corresponding to (i) ${\mu }_s={\mu }_l={\mu }_B/3$, (ii) ${\mu }_s=0, {\mu }_l={\mu }_B/3$, and (iii) $S=0, Q/B=0.4, {\mu }_l={\mu }_B/3$. In all three cases, we find excellent agreement with continuum extrapolated lattice QCD results for ${\kappa }_2$, given current statistical uncertainties. We also make HTLpt predictions for ${\kappa }_4$ in all three cases, finding again excellent agreement with lattice extractions of this coefficient where available.

We study charmonia in electromagnetic and rotational fields in the frame of a potential model. Different from the temperature field which is isotropic and leads to the well-known charmonium dissociation, the electromagnetic and rotational fields break down the radial symmetry, and the competition between strong interaction and electromagnetic and rotational interaction in the direction of the Lorentz force makes the charmonia transit from an isotropic bound state of strong interaction with positive binding energy to an anisotropic bound state of electromagnetic and rotational interaction with negative binding energy. The transition seems possible to be realized in high energy nuclear collisions.

The first measurement of the $\overrightarrow{{}^3\mathrm{He}}(\vec{\gamma },p){}^2\mathrm{H}$ process was performed at the High Intensity $\gamma$-ray Source ($\mathrm{HI}\gamma \mathrm{S}$) facility at Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory using a circularly polarized, monoenergetic $\gamma$-ray beam and a longitudinally polarized ${}^3\mathrm{He}$ target. The spin-dependent asymmetry and the contribution from the two-body photodisintegration to the ${}^3\mathrm{He}$ Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn integrand are extracted and compared with state-of-the-art three-nucleon system calculations at the incident photon energy of 29 MeV. The data are in general agreement with the various theoretical predictions based on the Siegert theorem or on explicit inclusion of meson-exchange currents.

In this work we have analyzed several features of symmetric nuclear matter (SNM) at finite temperature described by different zero- and finite-range nonrelativistic families of models, namely, Skyrme, Gogny, momentum-dependent interaction, Michigan three-range Yukawa, and simple effective interaction. We have calculated the critical parameters (CPs) associated to the liquid-gas phase coexistence for nuclear matter from these parametrizations and show that they are in agreement with their experimental and theoretical values obtained in the literature. Our study also points to a strong evidence of universality presented by the hadronic models, namely, model independence in the gaseous phase and distinguishability among different interactions in the liquid phase. We have performed a correlation study among different CPs and SNM properties. Such studies involving different finite-range interactions are scarce in literature. The analyzed models show an overall increasing trend of the critical temperature as a function of critical pressure.

We apply parquet-diagram summation methods for the calculation of the superfluid gap in $S$-wave pairing in neutron matter for realistic nucleon-nucleon interactions such as the Argonne $v_6$ and the Reid $v_6$ potentials. It is shown that diagrammatic contributions that are outside the parquet class play an important role. These are, in variational theories, identified as “commutator contributions.” Moreover, using a particle-hole propagator appropriate for a superfluid system results in the suppression of the spin-channel contribution to the induced interaction. Applying these corrections to the pairing interaction, our results agree quite well with quantum Monte Carlo data.

A systematic global investigation of pairing properties based on all available experimental data on pairing indicators has been performed for the first time in the framework of covariant density functional theory. It is based on the separable pairing interaction of Tian, Ma, and Ring [Phys. Lett. B 676, 44 (2009)]. The optimization of the scaling factors of this interaction to experimental data clearly reveals its isospin dependence in the neutron subsystem. However, the situation is less certain in the proton subsystem since similar accuracy of the description of pairing indicators can be achieved both with isospin-dependent and mass-dependent scaling factors. The differences in the functional dependencies of scaling factors lead to uncertainties in the prediction of proton and neutron pairing properties which are especially pronounced at high isospin and could have a significant impact on some physical observables. For a given part of the nuclear chart the scaling factors for spherical nuclei are smaller than those for deformed ones; this feature exists also in nonrelativistic density functional theories. Its origin is traced back to particle-vibration coupling in odd-$A$ nuclei which is missing in all existing global studies of pairing. Although the present investigation is based on the NL5(E) covariant energy density functional (CEDF), its general conclusions are expected to be valid also for other CEDFs built at the Hartree level.

Background: The equation of state (EOS) $E(\rho ,\delta )$ of neutron-rich nucleonic matter at density $\rho$ and isospin asymmetry $\delta$ can be approximated as the sum of the symmetric nuclear matter (SNM) EOS $E_0\left(\rho \right)$ and a power series in ${\delta }^2$ with the coefficient $E_{\text{sym}}\left(\rho \right)$ of its first term the so-called nuclear symmetry energy. Great effort has been devoted to studying the characteristics of both the SNM EOS $E_0\left(\rho \right)$ and the symmetry energy $E_{\text{sym}}\left(\rho \right)$ using various experiments and theories over the last few decades. While much progress has been made in constraining parameters characterizing $E_0\left(\rho \right)$ and $E_{\text{sym}}\left(\rho \right)$ around the saturation density ${\rho }_0$ of the SNM, such as the incompressibility $K_0$ of the SNM EOS as well as the magnitude $S$ and the slope $L$ of the nuclear symmetry, the parameters characterizing the high-density behaviors of both $E_0\left(\rho \right)$ and $E_{\text{sym}}\left(\rho \right)$, such as the skewness $J_0$ and the kurtosis $I_0$ of the SNM EOS as well as the curvature $K_{\text{sym}}$ and the skewness $J_{\text{sym}}$ of the symmetry energy are still poorly known. Moreover, most attention has been put on constraining the characteristics of the SNM EOS and the symmetry energy separately as if $E_0\left(\rho \right)$ and $E_{\text{sym}}\left(\rho \right)$ are completely independent.

Purpose: Because the EOS of pure neutron matter (PNM) is the sum of the SNM EOS and all the symmetry energy coefficients in expanding the $E(\rho ,\delta )$ as a power series in ${\delta }^2$, the unbound nature of PNM requires intrinsic correlations between the SNM EOS parameters and those characterizing the symmetry energy independent of any nuclear many-body theory. We investigate these intrinsic correlations and their applications in better constraining the poorly known high-density behavior of nuclear symmetry energy.

Method: We first derive an expression for the saturation density ${\rho }_{\text{sat}}\left(\delta \right)$ of neutron-rich matter up to order ${\delta }^6$ in terms of the EOS parameters. Setting ${\rho }_{\text{sat}}\left(\delta \right)=0$ for PNM as required by its unbound nature leads to a sum rule for the EOS parameters. We then analyze this sum rule at different orders in ${\delta }^2$ to find approximate expressions of the high-density symmetry energy parameters in terms of the relatively better determined SNM EOS parameters and the symmetry energy around ${\rho }_0$.

Results: Several novel correlations connecting the characteristics of the SNM EOS with those of nuclear symmetry energy are found. In particular, at the lowest-order of approximations, the bulk parts of the slope $L$, the curvature $K_{\text{sym}}$, and the skewness $J_{\text{sym}}$ of the symmetry energy are found to be $L\approx K_0/3, K_{\text{sym}}\approx L{J}_0/2K_0$, and $J_{\text{sym}}\approx I_{0}L/3K_0$, respectively. High-order corrections to these simple relations can be written in terms of the small ratios of high-order EOS parameters. The resulting intrinsic correlations among some of the EOS parameters reproduce very nicely their relations predicted by various microscopic nuclear many-body theories and phenomenological models constrained by available data of terrestrial experiments and astrophysical observations in the literature.

Conclusion: The unbound nature of PNM is fundamental and the required intrinsic correlations among the EOS parameters characterizing both the SNM EOS and the symmetry energy are universal. These intrinsic correlations provide a novel and model-independent tool not only for consistency checks but also for investigating the poorly known high-density properties of neutron-rich matter by using those with smaller uncertainties.

Using the double-folding potential based on the dinuclear system model, the production cross section of different even isotopes of $\mathrm{Og}$ through ${}^{84–92}\mathrm{Kr}+{}^{208}\mathrm{Pb}\to {}^{292–300}\mathrm{Og}$, various even isotopes of $\mathrm{Fl}$ through ${}^{72,74,76}\mathrm{Ge}+{}^{208}\mathrm{Pb}\to {}^{280,282,284}\mathrm{Fl}, {}^{279}\mathrm{Nh}$ and ${}^{278}\mathrm{Cn}$ through interaction of ${}^{70}\mathrm{Zn}$ with ${}^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ and ${}^{209}\mathrm{Bi}$ cold reactions are calculated. To evaluate the nuclear temperature of these compound nucleus, the exact Ginzburg-Landau theory is employed. Calculated formation cross section for different isotopes of $\mathrm{Og}, \mathrm{Fl}, \mathrm{Nh}$, and $\mathrm{Cn}$ using complete set of potentials consisting of nuclear double-folding, Coulomb, and centripetal potentials are compared with the results of other theoretical models as well as available experimental data. The comparison indicates that the calculated formation cross section using this approach agreed well with experimental data and the results of other theoretical models.

Experimental results related to charged particle and ${\pi }^0$ suppression obtained at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven for Au-Au (Cu-Cu) collisions and at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN for Pb-Pb (Xe-Xe) collisions are compiled in terms of the usual nuclear modification factors, $R_{AA}$ and $R_{\mathrm{CP}}$, and of the newly introduced $R_{AA}^N$ and $R_{\mathrm{CP}}^N$ as a function of $\langle N_{\mathrm{part}}\rangle$ and $\langle d{N}_{\mathrm{ch}}/d\eta \rangle$. The $R_{AA}^N$ and $R_{\mathrm{CP}}^N$ are calculated as the ratios of the $p_T$ spectra in each centrality bin, to the spectrum in proton-proton minimum bias collisions, or to the spectrum in a peripheral bin, respectively, each of them normalized to the corresponding charged particle density. The studies are focused on a $p_T$ range in the region of maximum suppression evidenced in the experiments. The $R_{AA}$ scaling as a function of $\langle N_{\mathrm{part}}\rangle$ and $\langle d{N}_{\mathrm{ch}}/d\eta \rangle$ is discussed. The core contribution to $R_{AA}$ is presented. The difference in $R_{AA}$ relative to the difference in particle density per unit of rapidity and unit of overlapping area ($\langle dN/dy\rangle /S_{\perp }$) and the Bjorken energy density times the interaction time (${\varepsilon }_{Bj}\tau$) between top RHIC and LHC energies indicate a suppression saturation at LHC energies. Considerations on the missing suppression in high charged particle multiplicity events for $pp$ collisions at 7 TeV are presented. $R_{\mathrm{CP}}^N$ for the same systems and energies shows a linear scaling as a function of $\langle N_{\mathrm{part}}\rangle$. While ($1-R_{AA}$)/$\langle dN/dy\rangle$ shows an exponential decrease with ${(\langle dN/dy\rangle /S_{\perp })}^{1/3}$, ($1-R_{AA}^N$)/$\langle dN/dy\rangle$ is independent on ${(\langle dN/dy\rangle /S_{\perp })}^{1/3}$ for ${(\langle dN/dy\rangle /S_{\perp })}^{1/3}\ge 2.1$ particles/${\mathrm{fm}}^{2/3}$. The trends of $R_{\mathrm{CP}}$ and $R_{\mathrm{CP}}^N$ for charged particles as a function of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$, measured at RHIC in Au-Au collisions and at LHC in Pb-Pb collisions, show a suppression that becomes larger from $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 39 GeV up to $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV, followed by a saturation up to the highest energy of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5.02$ TeV in Pb-Pb collisions. The $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ dependencies of $R_{AA}^{{\pi }^0}$ and ${\left(R_{AA}^N\right)}^{{\pi }^0}$ in the same $p_T$ ranges and for the very central collisions show the same trend. A clear change in the dependence of $(1-R_{AA}^{{\pi }^0})/\langle dN/dy\rangle$ for the most central collisions as a function of collision energy is evidenced in the region of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=62.4$–130 GeV.

We perform a systematic investigation of the chemical composition of the inner crust of a neutron star, using the extended Thomas-Fermi approximation, the Strutinsky integral correction for shell effects, and the BCS approximation for pairing. Fifteen Skyrme functionals were selected, which cover the range of values of important bulk properties of infinite nuclear matter, while also having pure neutron matter (PNM) equation of states (EoS) with varying degrees of stiffness. We find that a functional's low-density PNM EoS is correlated with the number of protons found in the inner crust's nuclear clusters and, in the lower-density region of the inner crust, with the pressure.