The oscillator model for calculating the binding energies of finite nuclei is studied. The general properties of the coefficients of the reduced matrix elements occurring in the binding-energy expression are discussed. The numerical values of these coefficients for the nuclei up to ${}_{}{}^{208}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pb}$ are tabulated. The model has been tested by comparing its results with those of the Hartree-Fock calculations. It is found that the accuracy of the model in predicting the binding energies and rms radii is quite good.

An experiment to search for the parity-forbidden $\alpha$ decay of the 8.87-MeV state in ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$ has been performed. No evidence of this decay was observed. Assuming a laboratory radiation width of 3.43×${10}^{-3\mathrm{}}$ eV for the 8.87-MeV state, we find the laboratory $\alpha$-decay width to be less than 2.1×${10}^{-9\mathrm{}}$ eV with a 95% confidence limit.

A previous derivation of an integral equation, which gives the complete off-energy-shell $t$ matrix for two-body scattering via local potentials with singular core interactions, is generalized to include the effects of tensor and Coulomb forces. The core interaction is described by the boundary-condition model (specified energy-independent logarithmic derivative of the radial wave function at the core radius). The formalism is now being applied to the calculation of trinucleon bound-state and scattering parameters using the Faddeev formalism and realistic nucleon-nucleon forces.

The distorted-wave Born approximation, justified in a previous study, is applied to ${\pi }^0$ production in proton-proton collisions. The production amplitude is studied as a function of the phenomenological two-nucleon potential used to describe the proton-proton interaction. For selected possible experiments it is shown that the pion-production amplitude depends on which phenomenological potential is used to describe the two-nucleon interaction.

The differential cross sections for elastic scattering of 36.0- and 46.3-MeV neutrons from deuterium were measured over an angular range of 15 to 170° c.m. The cross section agrees well in shape and absolute value with that for $p-d$ scattering. A slightly more pronounced minimum seems to be present in the $n-d$ results. From measured values of the total $n-d$ cross sections, we obtain the values 154±6 and 116±5 mb at 36.0 and 46.3 MeV, respectively, for the $n-d$ nonelastic cross section.

The reaction $\mathrm{D}(d, dp)n$ has been studied at bombarding energies between 11 and 13 MeV. Two charged particles were detected in coincidence at pairs of angles corresponding to the recoil axes of the reaction $\mathrm{D}(d, d)d^{*}$ where $d^{*}$ is a $p-n$ system at zero relative energy. Time-of-flight and $\Delta E-E$ information were used for background subtraction and particle identification, respectively. The experimental spectra are dominated by strong peaks at low relative energies in the $p-n$ system which are in part attributable to the isospin-forbidden formation of the "singlet deuteron." The shape of the experimental spectra is not predicted very well by either Watson-Migdal or Phillips, Griffy, Biedenharn theories.

Differential cross sections for the (${}_{}{}^7{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Li}$, $t$) reaction on ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$, ${}_{}{}^{18}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$, and ${}_{}{}^{20}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ne}$ at bombarding energies between 12 and 20 MeV have been analyzed with a finite-range plane-wave direct-reaction model. Sixteen triton angular distributions leading to strongly excited states in ${}_{}{}^{20}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ne}$, ${}_{}{}^{22}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ne}$, and ${}_{}{}^{24}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Mg}$ have been selected so as to test the model over an extended range of reaction $Q$ values, angular momentum transfers, and incident beam energies. The projectile form factor has been evaluated using a phenomenological $p$ state $\alpha$-plus-triton cluster-model wave function. Coulomb-distortion effects have been accounted for in the local-energy WKB approximation. Relative $\alpha$ cluster widths have been extracted and the effects of the structure of the projectile on the reaction process have been discussed. Results of the analysis show that the model gives an adequate description of the shape of the angular distributions and the kinematic dependence of cross sections.

Neutron time-of-flight techniques were used to study the ($p, n$) reaction on the nuclei ${}_{}{}^{61}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ni}$, ${}_{}{}^{64}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ni}$, ${}_{}{}^{67}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Zn}$, and ${}_{}{}^{68}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Zn}$. The locations of excited states in the residual nuclei were measured with an energy resolution of about 10 keV. The absolute excitation energies are accurate to ±2 keV for low-lying states and to ±5 to 7 keV for the highest states (2-3-MeV excitation). The following results were obtained: ${}_{}{}^{61}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Cu}$, 17 levels (0 to 2.6 MeV); ${}_{}{}^{64}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Cu}$, 66 levels (0 to 2.75 MeV); ${}_{}{}^{67}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ga}$, 57 levels (0 to 3.3 MeV); and ${}_{}{}^{68}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ga}$, 32 levels (0 to 1.6 MeV). Comparisons with other information on these nuclei indicate that the ($p, n$) reaction is a very effective tool for locating all the levels. The relative intensities of the neutron groups displayed distinctive patterns. However, quantitative yields of a succession of closely spaced proton energies showed typically 30% fluctuations. To maintain good energy resolution and yet reduce the fluctuations we averaged many individual runs in order to have more meaningful comparisons with the Hauser-Feshbach predictions. Spin assignments were made to 10-20 levels in ${}_{}{}^{64}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Cu}$, ${}_{}{}^{67}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ga}$, and ${}_{}{}^{68}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ga}$. The results are generally consistent with other available information on spin parities.

Anisotropic emission of 1.10- and 1.29-MeV $\gamma$ rays from ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{59}$ oriented in clear single crystals of Ce-Zn and Nd-Zn nitrates cooled by adiabatic demagnetization has been studied as a function of temperature in fields of 0 and 250 Oe. From the temperature dependence of the $\gamma$ anisotropy is extracted an estimate of the nuclear magnetic dipole moment of the ground state of ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{59}$ of (1.1±0.2)${\mathrm{\mu }}_{\mathit{N}}$. Analysis of the data in terms of the currently accepted spin sequence $\frac{3}{2}\left(\beta \right)\frac{3}{2}\left(\gamma \right)\frac{7}{2}$ for both $\gamma$ rays, assuming the fraction of ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{59}$ aligned in zero field is 0.30±0.03, requires either (i) the hypothesis of Fermi contributions in excess of 30% (contrary to conserved-vector-current theory) or, alternatively, (ii) enhancement factors $Q_2=5.0\mathrm{}\pm 2.6 \mathrm{and} 6.7\pm 2.4$ for intermediate-state reorientation in the 1.10- and 1.29-MeV levels, respectively. Admixtures of $M3\mathrm{}$ radiation of the order 1-4% may also be involved in the interpretation.

By comparing the Ge(Li) spectra from ${}_{}{}^{82g}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Br}+{}_{}{}^{82m}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Br}$ sources with those from 35.5-h ${}_{}{}^{82g}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Br}$ sources, seven $\gamma$ rays have been assigned to ${}_{}{}^{82}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Kr}$ from the decay of 6.1-min ${}_{}{}^{82m}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Br}$. The ${\beta }^{-}$ decay of $2^{-}$ ${}_{}{}^{82m}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Br}$ populates nonpreferentially (i.e., with nearly the same $log\mathrm{ft}$ values) excited states in ${}_{}{}^{82}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Kr}$ at 776.5, 1474.8, 1956.5, 2547.3, and 2556.1 keV.

High-resolution measurements of the differential cross sections for inelastic electron scattering of 183- and 250-MeV electrons by ${}_{}{}^{40}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ca}$ were carried out using beams from the Tohoku 300-MeV electron linear accelerator. Peaks were found with the following excitation energies (in MeV), and spins and parities: 3.74($3^{-}$), 3.90($2^{+}$), 4.49($5^{-}$), 5.25($2^{+}$), 5.61($2^{+}$), 5.90($1^{-}$), 6.29($3^{-}$), 6.59($3^{-}$), 6.95($1^{-}$), 7.9($2^{+}$, $4^{+}$), 8.5($2^{+}$, $4^{+}$, $5^{-}$), and others in the giant-resonance region. The cross sections for these states were obtained in the momentum transfer range from 0.5 to 2.2 ${\mathrm{F}}^{-1\mathrm{}}$. The data of the $3^{-}$ and $5^{-}$ states were compared not only with Tassie's vibrational model, but also with the particle-hole model of Gillet et al. The excitations of the dipole states ($T=0\mathrm{}$) are compared with Fujii's calculation. The data have been analyzed by using a distorted-wave code of Tuan, Wright, and Onley to extract the values of the reduced transition probabilities using the transition charge desities ${\rho }_{\mathrm{tr}}$ modified from the Tassie model, and from the particle-hole model. Then, the values of $B\left(\mathrm{EL}\right)\mathrm{}$ obtained from the quite different models are compared. The shapes of ${\rho }_{\mathrm{tr}}$ which provide best fits to the data are presented.

The reactions ${}_{}{}^{58}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ni}(p, {}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He})$ and ${}_{}{}^{58}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ni}(p, t)$ have been studied at a proton energy of 45 MeV. An average energy resolution of 45 keV has been achieved. Angular distributions have been obtained for 26 levels of ${}_{}{}^{56}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Co}$ and 20 states of ${}_{}{}^{56}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ni}$. The experimental results have been compared with distorted-wave Born-approximation calculations, using spectroscopic amplitudes given by a microscopic calculation.

Elastic and inelastic scattering of monochromatic photons were used for studying the energy levels of ${}_{}{}^{74}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ge}$; the photons were produced by thermal-neutron capture in iron. The energy of the resonance level was found to be 6.018 MeV. Assuming the high-energy lines to be primary transitions deexciting the resonance level, eight energy levels were found from the ground state up to 3 MeV, four of which are believed to be new levels in ${}_{}{}^{74}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ge}$. The angular distribution of the elastic and inelastic lines were measured and the following spin-parity determinations were made: 0.596($2^{+}$), 1.206($2^{+}$), 1.486($0^{+}$), 2.200($2^{+}$), 2.229($0^{+}$), and 6.018($1^{-}$). The parities of the first and last levels were directly determined by polarization measurements using a Compton polarimeter. The parities of the other levels were inferred from the radiation strengths of the corresponding high-energy transitions. The total and partial radiative widths of the 6.018-MeV level were also measured. The $\frac{M2\mathrm{}}{E1\mathrm{}}$ mixing ratios for the high-energy transitions were obtained. For one transition, this ratio was $x^2=0.017\mathrm{}$, which is much higher than that predicted by the simple theory.

The ${}_{}{}^{88}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sr}(p, n){}_{}{}^{88}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Y}$ reaction cross section was measured in the proton bombarding energy range between the ($p, n$) threshold and 8.0 MeV. The neutron detector was a 24-in. cube of polyethylene with four ${}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}$ neutron counters inserted radially toward the center of the cube where the target of ${}_{}{}^{88}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sr}$O was placed. Analysis of the data was carried out by means of direct solution of the Lane equations and by application of a method similar to that due to Robson. In both analyses, the calculated excitation functions were compared with the ($p, p$) and ($p, n$) data. It is shown, in a practical sense, that the two methods of analysis give essentially equivalent results.

The ${\mathrm{F}}^{19}(t, p\gamma ){\mathrm{F}}^{21}$ reaction at triton energies near 3 MeV was used to study the $\gamma$-ray decay of the first six energy levels of ${\mathrm{F}}^{21}$. $\gamma$-ray decay modes and Doppler-shift information was obtained from proton-$\gamma$ coincidence measurements. Some excitation energies were obtained from singles measurements, as well as the coincidence studies. Excitation energies (in keV) and lifetimes (in psec) for the first six levels are 279.92±0.06, 8800±330; 1100.9±2.0, 0.44±0.08; 1729.6±1.0, 0.07±0.06; 1754.9±0.7, >1.5; 2040.0±2.0, <0.05; and 2070.9±2.0, 0.08±0.03. Some information was also obtained on the $\gamma$-ray branching of higher states.

The lifetimes of the $6^{+}$ states at 3.20 MeV in ${\mathrm{Ti}}^{50}$ and 2.95 MeV in ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{54}$ have been measured by a $\beta -\gamma$ delayed-coincidence technique using accelerator-produced 1.72-min ${\mathrm{Sc}}^{50}$ and 1.5-min ${\mathrm{Co}}^{54}$ activities, respectively. Mean lifetimes of $\tau =630\mathrm{}\pm 30$ psec for the 3.20-MeV state in ${\mathrm{Ti}}^{50}$ and $\tau =1.71\mathrm{}\pm 0.04$ nsec for the 2.95-MeV state in ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{54}$ were obtained. The $4^{+}$ 2.75-MeV state in ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{42}$ was determined to have a mean lifetime of $\tau =11.5\mathrm{}\pm 2.5$ psec by a recoil-distance measurement with the ${\mathrm{K}}^{39}(\alpha , p){\mathrm{Ca}}^{42}$ reaction. The resulting $6^{+}$→$4^{+}$ and $4^{+}$→$2^{+}$ $E2\mathrm{}$ transition strengths are compared with Coulomb-excitation $2^{+}$→$0^{+}$ results and theoretical predictions. The $E2\mathrm{}$ strengths in ${\mathrm{Ti}}^{50}$ and ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{54}$ are consistent with ${\left(1\mathrm{}{f}_{\frac{7}{2}}\right)}^{\pm 2}$ configurations for the $0^{+}$, $2^{+}$, $4^{+}$, and $6^{+}$ group of states, and do not indicate deformed-core components such as are required in the lower members of the ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{42}$ group.

The radioactive decay of ${}_{}{}^{86}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Y}$ has been investigated by performing internal- and external-conversion measurements with an iron-free double-focusing $\beta$-ray spectrometer, $\gamma$-ray measurements with Ge(Li) spectrometers, and $\gamma -\gamma$ coincidence experiments with NaI-NaI, NaI-Ge-(Li), and Ge(Li)-Ge(Li) coincidence arrangements coupled to two-parameter analyzers. Coincidence relationships were used extensively to aid in the construction of a level scheme for ${}_{}{}^{86}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sr}$. Excited states are established at 1076.63, 1854.20, 2229.68, 2481.91, 2642.27, 2672.76, 2788.2, 2878.28, 2997.34, 3055.66, 3185.19, 3291.08, 3317.58, 3362.06, 3499.84, 3555.71, 3644.94, 3686.74, 3765.59, 3774.80, 3831.06, 3871.53, 3925.89, 3942.41, 3968.84, 4146.0, 4206.00, 4339, 4410.5, 4718, and 4954 keV. The $K$ conversion coefficient was directly measured for the 1076.63-keV transition and this transition was used to obtain $K$ conversion co-efficients from the relative $\gamma$-ray intensities and the relative conversion-electron intensities. A new decay scheme is proposed which removes the inconsistencies of the older scheme and gives a much more detailed picture of the decay properties of the ${}_{}{}^{86}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Y}$ nucleus.

The lifetimes of the excited states in ${}_{}{}^{51}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{V}$, ${}_{}{}^{75}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{As}$, ${}_{}{}^{90}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Y}$, and ${}_{}{}^{123}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sb}$ have been measured by the delayed-coincidence technique using a time-to-amplitude converter. The results are $T_{\frac{1}{2}}(319.5\mathrm{} \mathrm{keV}, {}_{}{}^{51}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{V})=0.190\mathrm{}\pm 0.030$ nsec, $T_{\frac{1}{2}}(927.5\mathrm{} \mathrm{keV}, {\mathrm{V}}^{51})=0.070\mathrm{}\pm 0.025$ nsec, $T_{\frac{1}{2}}(198.0\mathrm{} \mathrm{keV}, {}_{}{}^{75}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{As})=0.75\mathrm{}\pm 0.15$ nsec, $T_{\frac{1}{2}}(202.7\mathrm{} \mathrm{keV}, {}_{}{}^{90}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Y})=0.180\mathrm{}\pm 0.030$ nsec, $T_{\frac{1}{2}}(160.2\mathrm{} \mathrm{keV}, {}_{}{}^{123}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sb})=0.60\mathrm{}\pm 0.08$ nsec. The energies and relative intensities of the $\gamma$ rays in these nuclei have been determined with the help of a Ge(Li) detector. On the basis of these measurements and the values of multipole mixing ratios, the reduced $B\left(M1\mathrm{}\right)\mathrm{}$ and $B\left(E2\mathrm{}\right)\mathrm{}$ transition probabilities have been deduced for various transitions in these nuclei. The hindrance and enhancement factors are determined with respect to the Weisskopf single-particle estimates for $M1\mathrm{}$ and $E2\mathrm{}$ transitions, respectively.

Delayed $\gamma$ radiation with $t_{\frac{1}{2}}=2.5\mathrm{}$ sec produced in the ${}_{}{}^{32}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{S}(d, n){}_{}{}^{33}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Cl}$ reaction has been detected with a Ge(Li) $\gamma$-ray spectrometer. From the observed $\gamma$-ray spectrum, $\beta$ branches to the 2.87-MeV level, the 1.97-MeV level, the 0.84-MeV level, and the ground state of ${}_{}{}^{33}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{S}$ were deduced. The $\beta$ branching ratios and $log\mathrm{ft}$ values are, respectively, [(0.56 ± 0.06)%; 4.05 ± 0.05], [(0.56 ± 0.06)%; 4.87 ± 0.05], [(0.54 ± 0.10)%; 5.59 ± 0.08], and [(98.3 ± 0.2)%; 3.74 ± 0.01] for these decays. The branches to the 1.97- and 0.84-MeV levels are reported for the first time. The measured energies of these excited states are 2866.5 ± 0.5, 1966.1 ± 0.6, and 840.5 ± 1.0 keV. The comparison with theory is discussed. The decay ${}_{}{}^{25}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Al}\left({\beta }^{+}\right){}_{}{}^{25}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Mg}$ was also studied.

We have measured the yields of 25 products in the mass range from 66 to 175 from fission of ${\mathrm{U}}^{233}$ with 14.8-MeV neutrons. Each fission yield was measured in an absolute way, the number of atoms formed of each product being measured by absolute $\beta$- and $\gamma$-counting techniques. The number of fissions occurring was calculated from the target mass, the fission cross section, and the total neutron fluence. The neutron fluence in the target was monitored by the ($n, 2n$) reaction on yttrium foils. Total chain yields were estimated by correcting for the effects of nuclear charge dispersion in fission. The contribution of target-impurity activation to the measured fission yields is generally small.

The yields of products on the wings of the mass-yield distribution are consistent with a Gaussian function, which is similar to those found previously for ${\mathrm{U}}^{235}$ and ${\mathrm{U}}^{238}$ fission. The yields of a number of unmeasured products on the wings have been estimated and tabulated using the Gaussian curve.

The yields of a sufficient number of products in the peak and valley regions were measured so that a rough outline of the high-yield portion of the mass distribution could be made. The area under each half of the mass-yield curve was about 1.08, or 8% high. This discrepancy may be due to insufficient knowledge of the mass-yield curve, the contribution of fission induced by non-14.8-MeV neutrons, and/or errors in the cross sections that were used for the monitor reaction and the ${\mathrm{U}}^{233}$ fission reaction.

We observe a very low peak-to-valley ratio of about 3.1, which is smaller than found for fission of other nuclides with 14.8-MeV neutrons. Our yields in the valley region are about 70% higher than those measured previously by others. We feel that this is probably due to the contribution of low-energy neutron fission in the earlier work, coupled with their normalization to unit fragment yield. A thermal-neutron contaminant of 0.3% in the target region could have caused the observed discrepancy.

The fission yield of the shielded product ${\mathrm{Tb}}^{160}$ was measured as (3.2±0.8)×${10}^{-7\mathrm{}}$. Using the total chain yield for mass 160 calculated from our Gaussian distribution function, we obtain (4.3±1.2)×${10}^{-3\mathrm{}}$ for the independent fractional chain yield. This value was used to estimate the $Z_p$ function for ${\mathrm{U}}^{233}$ fission in order to calculate total chain yields from observed fission yields.