In continuation of our program of neutron-hole-state studies in $N=81\mathrm{}$ nuclei, angular distributions of deuterons from ($p,d$) reactions (energy resolution ∼35 keV) on ${}_{}{}^{140}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ce}$ and ${}_{}{}^{138}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ba}$ at $E_p=35\mathrm{}$ MeV have been measured and compared with distorted-wave Born-approximation calculations including finite-range and nonlocality corrections. These calculations yield acceptable spectroscopic factors and are in fair agreement with the shapes of the experimental angular distributions. The neutron-single-hole energies have been determined. These energies (in MeV) are $d_{\frac{3}{2}}$, 0.0; $s_{\frac{1}{2}}$, 0.33; $h_{\frac{11}{2}}$, 1.07; $d_{\frac{5}{2}}$, 1.72; and $g_{\frac{7}{2}}$, 2.90 for ${}_{}{}^{139}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ce}$; and $d_{\frac{3}{2}}$, 0.0; $s_{\frac{1}{2}}$, 0.54; $h_{\frac{11}{2}}$, 1.07; $d_{\frac{5}{2}}$, 1.71; and $g_{\frac{7}{2}}$, 2.93 for ${}_{}{}^{137}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ba}$.

Considerable fractionation of the ${\left(2\mathrm{}{d}_{\frac{5}{2}}\right)}_{\nu }^{-1\mathrm{}}$ and the ${\left(1\mathrm{}{g}_{\frac{7}{2}}\right)}_{\nu }^{-1\mathrm{}}$ states is observed while the ${\left(1\mathrm{}{h}_{\frac{11}{2}}\right)}_{\nu }^{-1\mathrm{}}$ and the ${\left(3\mathrm{}{s}_{\frac{1}{2}}\right)}_{\nu }^{-1\mathrm{}}$ states are each observed to split mostly into two components. Systematics of the energies and strengths of the various neutron-single-hole states and their components are presented for all $N=81\mathrm{}$ nuclei from ${}_{}{}^{137}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ba}$ through ${}_{}{}^{143}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sm}$ and the significance of the systematics discussed. No measurable population of any neutron state in the $82<N\le 126$ major shell has been observed.

Angular distributions of $\alpha$ particles emitted in the reaction ${}_{}{}^{197}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Au}(p,\alpha )$ have been measured for proton energies in the interval 20-42 MeV. From the analysis of backward-angle spectra the statistical contribution to the reaction has been evaluated. Statistical theory appears to be able to predict the absolute value of this contribution. The analysis is consistent with the results one obtains from the study of ($p,xn$) reactions in heavy nuclei.

The $\frac{E2\mathrm{}}{M1\mathrm{}}$ multipole mixing ratios $\delta \left(\gamma \right)=\frac{〈I_f\parallel {\overrightarrow{\mathrm{j}}}_N{\overrightarrow{\mathrm{A}}}_2^{\mathrm{}\left(E\right)\mathrm{}}\parallel I_i〉}{〈I_f\parallel {\overrightarrow{\mathrm{j}}}_N{\overrightarrow{\mathrm{A}}}_1^{\mathrm{}\left(M\right)\mathrm{}}\parallel I_i〉}$ of 10 $\gamma$ transitions in the quasispherical nucleus ${\mathrm{Xe}}^{132}$ have been measured by means of $\gamma -\gamma$ directional correlations observed with two coaxial Ge(Li) detectors. Spin assignments have been made for the levels at 1963 keV ($4^{+}$), 2110 keV ($4^{+}$), 2112 keV ($6^{+}$), 2395 keV ($4^{+}$), 2584 keV ($5^{+}$), 2589 keV (3), 2614 keV ($4^{+}$), and 2839 keV ($5^{+}$). In addition, previous spin assignments for levels below 1900 keV were confirmed. Based on the proposed spin assignments, the following values of the quadrupole-dipole mixing ratios were obtained (energies in keV): $\delta \mathrm{}\left(506\right)=-1.3\mathrm{}\pm 0.4$, $\delta \mathrm{}\left(523\right)=-0.25\mathrm{}\pm 0.15$, $\delta \mathrm{}\left(630\right)={+5.3\mathrm{}}_{-1.0\mathrm{}}^{+2.1\mathrm{}}$, $\delta \mathrm{}\left(727\right)=-0.32\mathrm{}\pm 0.04$, $\delta \mathrm{}\left(955\right)=-0.15\mathrm{}\pm 0.05$, $\delta \mathrm{}\left(1136\right)=+0.9\mathrm{}\pm 0.3$, $\delta \mathrm{}\left(1143\right)=-\left({0.04}_{-0.04\mathrm{}}^{+0.09\mathrm{}}\right)$, $\delta \mathrm{}\left(1173\right)=-0.40\mathrm{}\pm 0.15$, $\delta \mathrm{}\left(1291\right)=+0.01\mathrm{}\pm 0.08$, and $\delta \mathrm{}\left(1399\right)=+0.07\mathrm{}\pm 0.02$. The results are discussed in terms of the collective vibrational model and in terms of a quasirotational model. However, these models are of limited value in explaining the experimental data concerning the level structure and multipole transitions of ${\mathrm{Xe}}^{132}$.

A new isotope with a 13.1 ± 0.1-min half-life has been assigned to ${}_{}{}^{136}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pr}$. It has been produced by the reactions ${}_{}{}^{136}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ce}\mathrm{}(p,n)\mathrm{}{}_{}{}^{136}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pr}$ and ${}_{}{}^{136}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ce}\mathrm{}(d,2n)\mathrm{}{}_{}{}^{136}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pr}$. It decays by electron capture and positron emission to excited states in ${}_{}{}^{136}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ce}$. It has a capture-to-positron ratio of 0.65 ± 0.01 and a total decay energy of 5120 ± 70 keV. The energies and intensities of 63 $\gamma$ rays have been measured. Conversion coefficients of the 540- and the 552-keV transitions have been found to be 6.5 × ${10}^{-3\mathrm{}}$, respectively. $\gamma -\gamma$ coincidences have been measured using two 40-${\mathrm{cm}}^3$ Ge(Li) detectors from which an energy-level diagram for ${}_{}{}^{136}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ce}$ has been deduced. Spin and parity assignments have been made to many of the levels. The low-lying energy levels have been separated into quasi-ground and quasi-$\gamma$ bands.

Measurements have been made of the ratio of the cross section for producing a fission isomer by the ($d,p$) reaction to the cross section for the ($d,pf$) reaction as a function of a discriminator setting on the energy of the outgoing proton. For the ${}_{}{}^{235}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{U}\mathrm{}(d,p)\mathrm{}{}_{}{}^{236m}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{U}$ reaction the results give isomer/prompt ratios of (0.87 ± 0.13) × ${10}^{-4\mathrm{}}$ for all excitation energies less than 7.5 MeV and (2.05 ± 0.25) × ${10}^{-4\mathrm{}}$ for excitation energies less than 6.0 MeV. The value obtained for the half-life of the ${}_{}{}^{236m}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{U}$ isomer is $T_{\frac{1}{2}}=130\mathrm{}\pm 15$ nsec.

Excitation functions have been measured for the production of fission isomers by ($\alpha ,xn$) reactions for bombarding energies of 20-29 MeV and by ($d,2n$), ($d,p$), and ($d,pn$) reactions for bombarding energies of 9-14 MeV. Excitation functions for ($\alpha ,xn$) reactions were measured for targets of ${}_{}{}^{233}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{U}$, ${}_{}{}^{234}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{U}$, ${}_{}{}^{235}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{U}$, ${}_{}{}^{236}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{U}$, ${}_{}{}^{238}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{U}$, ${}_{}{}^{237}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Np}$, ${}_{}{}^{239}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pu}$, ${}_{}{}^{240}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pu}$, ${}_{}{}^{242}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pu}$, and ${}_{}{}^{244}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pu}$. Excitation functions for deuteron reactions were measured for targets of ${}_{}{}^{235}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{U}$, ${}_{}{}^{237}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Np}$, ${}_{}{}^{239}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pu}$, ${}_{}{}^{240}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pu}$, ${}_{}{}^{242}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pu}$, ${}_{}{}^{244}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pu}$, and ${}_{}{}^{243}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Am}$. New or more accurate half-lives were determined for the following fission isomers: ${}_{}{}^{235m}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pu}$, 30 ± 5 nsec; ${}_{}{}^{238m}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pu}$, 6.5 ± 1 nsec; ${}_{}{}^{240m}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pu}$, 3.8 ± 0.3 nsec; ${}_{}{}^{241m}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Cm}$, 15.3 ± 1 nsec; and ${}_{}{}^{245m}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Cm}$, 23 ± 5 nsec. Isomers in ${}_{}{}^{242}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Cm}$ and ${}_{}{}^{244}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Cm}$ were identified but their half-lives were too long for measurement with the present techniques. The results are analyzed with a statistical model using realistic level-density expressions with many parameters fixed by comparison with experimental measurements of neutron-fission cross sections, neutron-to-fission decay widths, spallation cross sections, and fission lifetimes. This model is applied to the presently measured excitation functions and the results obtained previously by other groups for ($n,2n$), ($p,2n$), and ($\gamma ,n$) reactions. With this model fission-barrier parameters are determined for Pu, Am, and Cm isotopes. Inconsistencies in the results obtained by applying this model to experimental isomer excitation functions indicate the directions for future refinements.

Measurements have been made on the high-energy capture $\gamma$ rays associated with neutron resonances in the target nuclides ${\mathrm{Re}}^{185}$ and ${\mathrm{Re}}^{187}$ using an integral bias level of 4 MeV. The ${\mathrm{Re}}^{187}$ data show nonstatistical behavior, indicating the influence of at least one extremely narrow intermediate state, with a width of only about 30 eV.

The problem of how to compare the effects of Jastrow and Bethe-Goldstone correlations on the nuclear-charge form factors is discussed. It is shown that the conclusion recently drawn by some authors that these effects are very different is not well grounded.

Excitation functions for the ${}_{}{}^2{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{}(p,pp)n$ reaction have been measured at pairs of proton angles chosen so that the $p-n$ system with zero relative energy was at 30 and 90° in the c.m. system. The differential cross sections $\frac{d\sigma }{d{\Omega }_{1}d{\Omega }_2}$ corresponding to the production of a $p-n$ system with relative $p-n$ energy below 100 keV are presented. The excitation functions cover the incident proton energy range of 7 to 14.5 MeV in 0.5-MeV steps. The energy dependence of the primary interaction has been extracted by using final-stage modifications of the Watson type. No evidence was found for structure in either the excitation function for the differential cross section or in the excitation function for the primary interaction factor.

Inelastic proton scattering was used to measure the excitation energies of states in ${}_{}{}^{11}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{B}$ up to 9.3 MeV. Values for states up to 6.5 MeV agree with previous work. New values are 7285.6 ± 1.5, 7978.0 ± 1.7, 8559.4 ± 1.9, 8920.2 ± 2.0, and 9274.4 ± 2.0 keV. Tabulated values disagree by as much as 18 keV. The 7978.0 value is in exact agreement with a recent $\gamma$-ray measurement.

Comparisons are given between newly available experimental information about electromagnetic transitions in ${}_{}{}^{52}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Cr}$, ${}_{}{}^{53}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Mn}$, and ${}_{}{}^{54}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Fe}$ and the theoretical predictions of a recently presented mixed-configuration shell-model calculation which permits small $2p_{\frac{3}{2}}$ and $1f_{\frac{5}{2}}$ admixtures in the $1f_{\frac{7}{2}}$-shell states. The agreement obtained between theoretical and measured values supports the conclusion that this model gives a good picture of $E2\mathrm{}$ and $M1\mathrm{}$ transition strengths as well as level spacings and proton spectroscopic factors in this region.

It is shown that the adiabatic treatment of deuteron breakup during stripping reactions proposed by Johnson and Soper is able to explain the results obtained previously for the ${}_{}{}^{208}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pb}\mathrm{}(p,d)\mathrm{}$ reaction at 22 MeV without the use of an arbitrary radial cutoff. Some discussion is also given of the sensitivity of the predictions to the parameters of the model.

A mean life of 1.92 ± 0.15 psec has been obtained for the 1.368-MeV $2^{+}$ state of ${}_{}{}^{24}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Mg}$ by compairing the resonant scattering of $\gamma$ rays through the ${}_{}{}^{24}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Mg}$ level and throught the 1.333-MeV $2^{+}$ state of ${}_{}{}^{60}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ni}$, the lifetime of which is known accurately. This value is in good agreement with recent Coulomb-excitation results but differs markedly from a recent resonance-fluorescence self-absorption result.

The $K$-, $L$-, and $M$-shell particle parameters of the 123-keV transition in ${}_{}{}^{154}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Gd}$ were determined by measuring the ${\gamma }_{1274}-K_{123}(-L_{123},-M_{123})$ and the ${\gamma }_{1274}-{\gamma }_{123}$ directional correlations in the same solid, isotopically separated source of ${}_{}{}^{154}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Eu}$, under the same conditions. The results are $b_2\mathrm{}\left(K\right)=1.91\mathrm{}\pm 0.08$, $b_2\mathrm{}\left(L\right)=1.25\mathrm{}\pm 0.07$, and $b_2\mathrm{}\left(M\right)=1.22\mathrm{}\pm 0.08$. These values are in good agreement with current first-order theory. The directional-correlation attenuations were found to depend on the length of time the europium oxide source was under vacuum, which might explain some of the anomalies in earlier reported values. The $\gamma -K$ correlations were measured using an iron-encased high-transmission-lens spectrometer.

The singlet effective-range parameters for the Mongan separable potentials are shown to be more than trivially in error. The implications of this result on triton calculations using these potentials are discussed.

The reaction ${}_{}{}^{40}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ca}$(${}_{}{}^{20}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ne}$, ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$)${}_{}{}^{44}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ti}$ has been studied at 63.0 and 73.7 MeV. The reaction is found to populate the same final states as the reaction ${}_{}{}^{40}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ca}$(${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$, ${}_{}{}^{12}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$)${}_{}{}^{44}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ti}$ and with comparable cross sections.

A simple microscopic expression is derived for static quadrupole moments of vibrational states by means of the self-consistent cranking model. The result sums together the effects of all relevant cubic anharmonicities of the Beliaev-Zelevinsky boson expansion taken in perturbation theory.