Compound states of high excitation in ${}_{}{}^{17}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$ and ${}_{}{}^{21,22}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ne}$ have been observed, with good resolution, in the total neutron yield from the reactions ${}_{}{}^{13}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}(\alpha , n){}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$ and ${}_{}{}^{17,18}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}(\alpha , n){}_{}{}^{20,21}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ne}$. Bombarding $\alpha$-particle energies were approximately from 1 to 5 MeV. Analysis of the area under the excitation curves gives $\alpha$-particle strength functions of $S_{\alpha }=0.029\mathrm{}\pm 0.030$ for ${}_{}{}^{13}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$+$\alpha$, 0.030±0.023 for ${}_{}{}^{13}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$+$\alpha$, and 0.022±0.010 for ${}_{}{}^{18}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$+$\alpha$. For astrophysical purposes these strength functions are used to extrapolate the average cross sections to lower energies.

It is shown that the amplitudes for elastic scattering, inelastic scattering, and breakup can be found in closed form for a system of three nonidentical particles interacting via a single two-particle potential and a separable three-particle potential. For a zero-range two-particle force and a particular form of the factors arising in the three-particle potential, the various integrals that arise are evaluated and the amplitudes are given in terms of elementary functions.

The anomalous large-angle scattering of medium-energy $\alpha$ particles is interpreted in terms of an exchange process. An exchange amplitude ("knock on"), calculated in the distorted-wave Born approximation, is evaluated paying particular attention to the antisymmetrization of the $A+4\mathrm{}$ nucleon system. This amplitude is combined with a scattering matrix appropriate to fit just forward-angle elastic scattering. It is shown that only the highest possible orbital angular momentum cluster ($L=8\mathrm{}$ for ${}_{}{}^{40}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ca}$) is significant and leads to agreement with experiment. This agreement is achieved with only one adjustable parameter, the spectroscopic factor, which turns out to be quite small. It is shown that this microscopic caluclation may provide a basis for the phenomenological Regge pole description of this process.

Excited states of ${}_{}{}^{14}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$ have been investigated with the ${}_{}{}^{12}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}({}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}, n){}_{}{}^{14}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{}\left(p\right)\mathrm{}{}_{}{}^{13}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{N}$ reaction at an incident-beam energy of 12 MeV. Proton groups corresponding to ${}_{}{}^{14}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$ excited states were observed in time coincidence with the associated neutrons detected at ${\theta }_n=0\mathrm{}°$. The natural widths of these states (or limits thereof) were obtained directly from the proton spectrum. Angular-correlation data obtained for these proton groups were analyzed according to a general formalism which allows channel spin as well as orbital angular momentum mixing in the ${}_{}{}^{14}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}\to {}_{}{}^{13}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{N}+p$ exit channel. These analyses yield the following spin and width limitations: [$E_x$ (MeV), $J$, $\Gamma$ (keV)]; 5.91, 0 or 1, ≤47; 6.29, 2 or 3, 103±6; 6.59, 2, ≤56; and 7.78, 1, 2 or 3, 76±10. The apparent dominance of a direct-transfer mechanism for the population of these states permits further spin and parity restrictions. Information regarding the wave-function configurations for these states is discussed on the basis of the observed proton decay. Of particular interest is the observance of an $f$-wave component in the proton decay of the 6.59-MeV state which implies an $s^4{p}^8$ ($p, f$) component in the wave function of that state.

Structure amplitudes for transfer of a ${\mathrm{}\left(1p\right)\mathrm{}}^4$ group with spatial symmetry [4] are given for $1p$-shell targets with initial and final states represented by intermediate-coupling wave functions. The strength is fragmented, a feature likely to be even stronger in heavy nuclei as is shown for the ($2p, 1f$) region.

Electron scattering form factors were measured for the low-lying levels of ${}_{}{}^{19}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{F}$ and ${}_{}{}^{40}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ca}$ for momentum transfers between 0.55 and 1.00 ${\mathrm{fm}}^{-1\mathrm{}}$. Elastic scattering from ${}_{}{}^{19}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{F}$ yields an rms charge radius of 2.885±0.015 fm. Transition strengths and transition radii are obtained for the lowest ${\frac{5}{2}}^{+}$, ${\frac{5}{2}}^{-}$, and ${\frac{3}{2}}^{+}$ states in ${}_{}{}^{19}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{F}$. A deformed rotational model gives a very good fit to the form factors for the positive-parity levels with ground-state deformation parameters of ${\beta }_2=0.41\mathrm{}$ and ${\beta }_4=0.17\mathrm{}$. The form factors for excitation of the $3^{-}$ and $2^{+}$ states in ${}_{}{}^{40}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ca}$ are analyzed by phase-shift analysis, and transition strengths and transition radii are also obtained for these levels.

Total cross sections for the ${}_{}{}^{63}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Cu}(p, n){}_{}{}^{63}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Zn}$ and ${}_{}{}^{63}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Cu}(p, 2n){}_{}{}^{62}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Zn}$ reactions at 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, 9.0, and 11.5 GeV have been determined. These results are used to normalize previous differential-recoil angular-distribution data for the ($p, 2n$) reaction at 1.0 GeV. A comparison with similar data for the ${}_{}{}^{65}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Cu}(p, pn){}_{}{}^{64}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Cu}$ reaction indicates that, for energy transfers sufficient to evaporate only one nucleon, the inelastic ($p$, $p^{\prime }$) reaction is approximately 100 times more probable than the ($p$, $n$) interaction at this energy.

In order to compare the reorientation-effect technique with traditional measurements the static quadrupole moment of the ${\frac{3}{2}}^{-}$ ground state of ${}_{}{}^{53}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Cr}$ has been determined. Thin foils (100-150 μg/${\mathrm{cm}}^2$) of enriched ${}_{}{}^{53}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Cr}$ were bombarded by 55- and 59-MeV ${}_{}{}^{32}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{S}$ projectiles from the Purdue University tandem accelerator. The relative excitation probability of the 0.564-MeV spin ${\mathrm{½}}^{-}$ first excited state was measured as a function of projectile scattering angle with a particle-$\gamma$-ray coincidence technique. From these data and with the aid of the Winther-de Boer multiple-Coulomb-excitation program the static quadrupole moment of the ${\frac{3}{2}}^{-}$ ground state was determined to be $Q=+0.04\mathrm{}\pm 0.07$ b. Contributions to the excitation probability of the ${\mathrm{½}}^{-}$ state via the ${\frac{5}{2}}^{-}$ second excited state are assumed to be negligible. This value of $Q$ is in agreement with the value $\mathrm{}\left|Q\right|=0.026\mathrm{}$ b determined from NMR data by Artman. This agreement strongly suggests that the reorientation effect is the dominant higher-order process which appreciably contributes to the excitation probability of the first excited state of ${}_{}{}^{53}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Cr}$.

The mean lifetimes for 18 $\gamma$-ray transitions in ${}_{}{}^{49}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sc}$ were determined using the Doppler-shift-attenuation method. Previously unreported $\gamma$ rays of 1620, 4275, and 6010 keV were observed and placed in a decay scheme. Evidence is presented indicating that the correct spin assignment for the 4493-keV state is ${\mathrm{½}}^{-}$ rather than ${\frac{3}{2}}^{-}$. The low-lying negative-parity states of ${}_{}{}^{49}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sc}$ are calculated using a simple model in which a single proton in the $2p1f$ shell is coupled to positive-parity core states in ${}_{}{}^{48}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ca}$. The model reproduces most of the single-particle levels quite well. Fair agreement is obtained between calculated and experimentally determined $E2\mathrm{}$ and $M1\mathrm{}$ transition rates except for the ${\frac{5}{2}}^{-}$ to ${\frac{7}{2}}^{-}$ transitions.

Excitation curves and angular distributions for the reaction ${}_{}{}^{28}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Si}(d, p){}_{}{}^{29}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Si}$ have been measured over the range of bombarding energy from 2.0 to 4.2 MeV. The proton groups leading to the five lowest states of ${}_{}{}^{29}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Si}$ were measured. The results are analyzed by the methods of fluctuation theory and of average angular distribution using the Hauser-Feshbach formula and the distorted-wave Born-approximation theory. Ratios of the direct reaction to the compound nucleus cross section obtained from the two methods are compared. The average total level width $〈\Gamma 〉=29\mathrm{}$ keV, the average level space of spinless $D_0=1.38\mathrm{}$ keV, spin cutoff parameter ${\sigma }^2=2.5\mathrm{}$, nuclear temperature $t=1.8\mathrm{}$ MeV, and moment of inertia $\mathcal{I}=0.6\mathrm{}\times {10}^{-42\mathrm{}}$ MeV ${\sec }^2$ of ${}_{}{}^{30}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{P}$ around 14.78-MeV excitation energy are obtained.

Lifetimes of low-lying states in the nucleus ${}_{}{}^{33}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{P}$ have been measured by the Doppler-shift-attenuation method. Energies (in keV) and lifetimes (in psec) are as follows: 1431.4 (0.70±0.15); 1847.6 (1.40±0.30); 2537.6±1.2 (0.03±0.01); 3274.9±2.0 (0.19±0.04); 3490.8±1.5 (0.09±0.02); 3628.6±1.5 (0.26±0.04); 4047.6±1.3 (0.08±0.04); 4193.5±2.5 (<0.04); 4223.3±2.3 (0.52±0.10); 4856.1±1.2 (<0.11); 5048.7±3.0 (<0.09); 5190.5±3.0 (<0.18); 5405.6±3.2 (<0.11); 5449.3±2.6 (>1.8); 5497.8±2.5 (<0.09); 5548.5±2.8 (0.47±0.17); 5557.8±3.0 (<0.08); 5644.0±4.0 (...); 5674.1±3.0 (<0.07); 5785.1±3.0 (<0.05); 5816.0±2.0 (0.11±0.06); 5969.8±4.0 (<0.08); 6115.3±3.2 (<0.20); 6123.5±5.0 (0.08±0.06); 6181.7±3.5 (<0.09). Combining information on lifetimes, decay modes, and mixing ratios with known spin assignments, allowed the following spin-parity assignments to be made: 3.28-MeV level ($J^{\pi }=\frac{3}{2^{\pm }}, \frac{5}{2^{+}}$) 3.49 ($\frac{5}{2^{+}}$); 4.05 ($\frac{3}{2^{+}}, \frac{5}{2^{+}}$); 4.19 ($\frac{5}{2^{+}}$); 5.19 ($\frac{3}{2^{+}}, \frac{5}{2^{\pm }}$). For a number of the low-lying levels the results are compared to theory.

The nuclides ${}_{}{}^{46}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{V}$, ${}_{}{}^{50}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Mn}$, and ${}_{}{}^{54}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Co}$ were formed via the ($p, n$) reaction at $E_p=10\mathrm{}$ MeV and half-lives were measured by observing $\beta$ rays in a plastic scintillator. Values obtained were 425.3±2.0, 285.1±0.9, and 193.1±0.8 msec, respectively. The results agree with previous work within errors and thus confirm the systematic behavior of these $0^{+}$→$0^{+}$ superallowed Fermi $\beta$ decays.

Linear-polarization and angular-distribution measurements are reported for the $\gamma$ rays from the decay of the 636-, 823-, 984-, 1057-, 1309-, and 2044-keV levels in ${}_{}{}^{20}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{F}$. Using our data, in addition to that of previous workers, the levels at 984 and 1309 keV were found to have negative parity, as opposed to the previous assumption of positive parity. Spins and parities of the other levels are discussed, as well as the mixing ratios of the decay $\gamma$ rays.

We have determined a set of parameters for a nonlocal separable nucleon-nucleon interaction of the Mongan's case IV form. The $M-5\mathrm{}$ potential thus defined, even if it remains with a poor $D$-state percentage (1.4%), is shown to give a correct description of the saturation of infinite nuclear matter. It appears also that $M-5\mathrm{}$ gives a correct description of the following nuclear properties: two-nucleon elastic scattering phase shifts below 400 MeV (the phase shifts in the ${}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}S_1^{}{}_{}{}^{}+{}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}D_1^{}{}_{}{}^{}$ state are those given by the $M$-IV Mongan's potential, not better) deuteron binding energy and quadrupole moment, scattering length and effective-range low-energy parameters, triton binding energy in a coupled three-body treatment, saturation of infinite nuclear matter, and first-order binding energy of some spherical nuclei. We have compared the results obtained with $M-5\mathrm{}$ and a Tabakin force in a Hartree-Fock description of some even-even nuclei in the $2s-1d$-shell nuclei as previously done by Ford, Braley, and Bar-Touv.

The broken-pair-approximation (BPA) method is applied successfully to the even nickel isotopes. The BPA wave functions are generated in the configuration space containing four ($2p_{\frac{3}{2}}$, $1f_{\frac{5}{2}}$, $2p_{\frac{1}{2}}$, $1g_{\frac{9}{2}}$) valence single-particle orbitals, using the core-renormalized Tabakin interaction. These wave functions are used in the zero-range distorted-wave Born approximation for calculating spectroscopic amplitudes, form factors, angular distributions, and total cross sections for ($p, t$) and ($t, p$) reactions. The two-quasiparticle wave functions are also used in calculating these quantities for comparison. The theory gives in general a reasonably good account of the experimental data.

Excitation functions for the production of ${}_{}{}^{48}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{V}$ and ${}_{}{}^{48}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Cr}$ from incident ions ${}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}$, $\alpha$, ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$, ${}_{}{}^{18}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$, and ${}_{}{}^{22}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ne}$ involving the compound system ${}_{}{}^{50}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Cr}_{}^{*}{}_{}{}^{}$ have been measured. Test of the independence postulate was performed in a Ghoshal type of experiment. Effects of the nuclear Coulomb barrier and high reaction $Q$ value upon the two-nucleon evaporation excitation functions were noted. For all the reaction pairs, the ${}_{}{}^{48}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{V}$ production is more than a factor of 10 bigger than the corresponding ${}_{}{}^{48}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Cr}$ cross section. This phenomenon can be explained by the effect of odd-even nucleon number of the product nucleus. Simple calculations of the angular momentum and rotational energy of the compound nucleus were performed. The energy shift of the excitation function can be explained by the effect of angular momentum. The reactions involved were found to be generally consistent with the compound-nucleus model.

The mean lifetimes of several excited states in the cross-conjugated nuclei ${}_{}{}^{46}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ti}$ and ${}_{}{}^{50}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Cr}$ were measured with the recoil-distance Doppler-shift method. The levels were fed via the ${}_{}{}^{32}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{S}({}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}, 2p)$ and ${}_{}{}^{40}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ca}({}_{}{}^{12}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}, 2p)$ reactions, respectively, which lead to a strong population of high-spin levels in the residual nuclei. Lifetimes of the ground-state bands up to the $6^{+}$ states were measured in both nuclei. A decrease of the $B\downarrow \mathrm{}\left(E2\mathrm{}\right)\mathrm{}$ values with increasing spin was found.

The ${}_{}{}^{31}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{P}(t, p){}_{}{}^{33}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{P}$ reaction has been used to investigate the spins and decay modes of many of the levels of ${}_{}{}^{33}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{P}$ below an excitation energy of 6.17 MeV, as well as the multipole mixing ratios of the transitions between these levels. $\gamma$ radiation was detected simultaneously in five NaI(Tl) detectors located at angles equivalent to 5, 35, 45, 60, and 90°, while outgoing protons were detected in an annular detector placed at 180° with respect to the beam direction. Multiparameter techniques were used to measure the $p-\gamma$ coincidence spectra. Spin assignments were confirmed for the following levels [$E_x$ (MeV) ($J$)]: $1.43\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)$, $1.85\left(\frac{5}{2}\right)$, $2.54\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)$, $3.28(\frac{3}{2} or \frac{5}{2})$, $3.63\left(\frac{7}{2}\right)$, $4.05(\frac{3}{2} or \frac{5}{2})$, $4.22\left(\frac{7}{2}\right)$. Assignments were made for these levels: $3.49\left(\frac{5}{2}\right)$, $4.19\left(\frac{5}{2}\right)$, $4.86\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)$, $5.05\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)$, $5.56\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)$, $5.66(\frac{1}{2}, \frac{3}{2})$, $5.73\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)$.

Resonant scattering of bremsstrahlung was used to measure $\frac{g\overline{W}{\Gamma }_0{\Gamma }_0}{\Gamma }$ for 13 transitions in ${}_{}{}^{45}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sc}$ and 18 transitions in ${}_{}{}^{69,71}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ga}$ below 2.5 MeV. New level widths were measured by direct comparison of resonant scattering from levels of known width. Where branching ratios are known, radiative widths to the ground state ${\Gamma }_0$ are deduced. Comparisons are made between level widths measured in this work and in other measurements. The transition strengths in ${}_{}{}^{69}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ga}$ are compared with the most recent nuclear model.

Resonant scattering of bremsstrahlung was used to measure the scattering widths $\frac{\mathrm{gW}{\Gamma }_0{\Gamma }_i}{\Gamma }$ for 43 transitions in the antimony isotopes ${}_{}{}^{121,123}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sb}$ between 0.5 and 2.5 MeV. Absorption measurements determined $g{\Gamma }_0$ in seven cases. Comparison of the scattering widths with the $B\left(E2\mathrm{}\right)\mathrm{}$ values from Coulomb excitation gave the mixing ratios in five cases. The theoretical level schemes and $B\left(E2\mathrm{}\right)\mathrm{}$ calculations using the unified model up to second order in the collective variable had some success in explaining the experimental results.