Recent Articles

Electron scattering from ${}^{88}{Sr}$ and ${}^{89}Y$

S. P. Fivozinsky, S. Penner, J. W. Lightbody, Jr., and D. Blum

Phys. Rev. C 9, 1533 (1974) - Published 1 April, 1974

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Inelastic scattering cross sections of low-lying levels and elastic scattering cross sections have been measured in ${}^{88}{Sr}$ and ${}^{89}Y$ using the National Bureau of Standards Linac and electron scattering facility. Incident-electron energies were varied between 45 and 121 MeV corresponding to a momentum transfer range of 0.4 to 1.0 ${fm}^{- 1}$ . Data were accumulated at two scattering angles, 110.5 and 128.2°. We present elastic scattering form factors and inelastic scattering form factors and $B (EL) ↑' s$ for the 1.84- and 2.74-MeV states in ${}^{88}{Sr}$ , and the 1.51-, 1.74-, 2.21-, 2.52-, 2.86-, and 3.1-MeV states in ${}^{89}Y$ . A simple configuration mixing model based on the weak-coupling model has been applied to the octupole states in ${}^{89}Y$ . The measured elastic form factors for both nuclei have been fitted with a Fermi charge distribution.

[NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{88}{Sr} (e, e^{'})$ , ${}^{89}Y (e, e^{'})$ , $E = 45 - 121$ MeV, $θ = 110.5, {128.2}^{\circ}$ ; measured elastic, inelastic form factors, deduced $B (EL) ↑' s$ . Extracted charge distribution parameters. Predict $B (E 3) ↑' s$ , form factors, ${}^{89}Y$ . Enriched ${}^{88}{Sr}$ target.]

Two-proton-transfer reactions ${}^{208}{Pb}$ ( ${}^{12}C$ , ${}^{10}{Be}$ ) ${}^{210}{Po}$ and ${}^{208}{Pb}$ ( ${}^{16}O$ , ${}^{14}C$ ) ${}^{210}{Po}$

F. D. Becchetti, D. G. Kovar, B. G. Harvey, D. L. Hendrie, H. Homeyer, J. Mahoney, W. von Oertzen, and N. K. Glendenning

Phys. Rev. C 9, 1543 (1974) - Published 1 April, 1974

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Levels in ${}^{210}{Po}$ have been investigated using the two-proton-transfer reactions ( ${}^{12}C$ , ${}^{10}{Be}$ ) and ( ${}^{16}O$ , ${}^{14}C$ ) on ${}^{208}{Pb}$ at incident energies $E ({}^{12}C) = 78$ MeV and $E ({}^{16}O) = 104 and 140$ MeV. Reaction products were identified and energies measured with a magnetic spectrometer and a focal-plane resistive-wire proportional counter. Many levels in ${}^{210}{Po}$ were observed up to an excitation energy of about 8 MeV. The results have been analyzed using distorted-wave Born approximation, and shell-model wave functions for levels in ${}^{210}{Po}$ have been tested. The $0^{+}$ → $0^{+}$ (g.s.) transition is enhanced by a factor ∼8 compared with the expected strength for a pure ${(π h_{\frac{9}{2}})}^{2}$ $0^{+}$ configuration for ${}^{210}{Po}$ (g.s.). The dependence of the cross sections on projectile and target structure is discussed.

[NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{208}{Pb}$ ( ${}^{12}C$ , ${}^{10}{Be}$ ), $E = 78$ MeV; ${}^{208}{Pb}$ ( ${}^{16}O$ , ${}^{14}C$ ), $E = 104$ , 140 MeV; measured $σ (E_{f}, θ)$ ; DWBA analysis; ${}^{210}{Po}$ levels deduced structure; ${}^{209}{Bi}$ ( ${}^{12}C$ , ${}^{11}B$ ), $E = 78$ MeV; ${}^{209}{Bi}$ ( ${}^{16}O$ , ${}^{15}N$ ), $E = 104$ MeV; measured $σ (E_{f})$ , ${}^{210}{Po}$ levels deduced relative spectroscopic factors; Resolution 100-200 keV.]

Resonance fluorescence from the 7.08-MeV state in ${}^{208}{Pb}$

W. Scholz, H. Bakhru, R. Collé, and Angela Li-Scholz

Phys. Rev. C 9, 1568 (1974) - Published 1 April, 1974

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The Doppler-broadened 7.12-MeV transition from the ${}^{19}F (p, α γ) {}^{16}O$ reaction has been used to fluoresce resonantly a level at 7.084 ± 0.002 MeV in ${}^{208}{Pb}$ . A spin value of $J = 1$ has been assigned by measuring the intensity of the scattered radiation at average scattering angles of 90 and 130°. From a study of the intensity growth of the scattered radiation with increasing scatterer thickness (production experiment), the following level parameters were extracted: integrated scattering cross section $\int σ_{s} dE = 2.07 \pm 0.18$ MeV mb, maximum absorption cross section $σ_{A}^{max} = 85_{- 31}^{+ 36}$ b, total level width $Γ = 26_{- 12}^{+ 35}$ eV, and partial width for the ground-state transition $Γ_{0} = 16_{- 4}^{+ 6}$ eV.

[NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{208}{Pb} (γ, γ^{'})$ , $E \approx 7$ MeV; measured $σ (E_{γ}; θ)$ . ${}^{208}{Pb}$ deduced level $Γ$ , $Γ_{0}$ , $σ_{A}^{max}$ , $J$ . Natural Pb targets, resonance-fluorescence production experiment.]

Inelastic proton scattering from ${}^{138}{Ba}$ and ${}^{144}{Sm}$ at 30 MeV

Duane Larson, Sam M. Austin, and B. H. Wildenthal

Phys. Rev. C 9, 1574 (1974) - Published 1 April, 1974

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Differential cross sections for elastic and inelastic scattering of 30-MeV protons by ${}^{138}{Ba}$ and ${}^{144}{Sm}$ have been measured with a total energy resolution for the inelastic peaks of 7-10 keV, full width at half maximum. This permitted the observation of 20 excited states in ${}^{138}{Ba}$ and 18 excited states in ${}^{144}{Sm}$ below $E_{x} = 3.4$ MeV, and the determination of excitation energies accurate to 2 keV or less for these states. Based on characteristic shapes derived from angular distributions to states of known $J^{π}$ , spin-parity assignments were made for the majority of the observed states. Collective-model distorted-wave Born-approximation calculations for the observed transitions were compared to the data, and deformation parameters extracted for all states to which $J^{π}$ could be assigned. The energy-level structures of these nuclei, obtained by combining the present results with information in the literature, are compared to the predictions of structure calculations based on the assumption of a closed $N = 82$ , $Z = 50$ core.

[NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{138}{Ba}$ , ${}^{144}{Sm} (p, p^{'}) E_{p} = 30$ MeV. Resolution 7-10 keV. Enriched targets. Measured $σ (θ)$ and $E_{x}$ energies for 20 states up to $E_{x} \sim 3.3$ MeV. Deduced optical-model parameters. DWBA analysis, deduced $J^{π}$ , $δ_{L} = β_{L} R$ , transition strengths $G_{L}$ for 12 states in each nucleus. Comparison of results to shell-model calculations.]

High-resolution study of the 1/ $2^{+}$ analog state in ${}^{93}{Tc}$

E. G. Bilpuch, J. D. Moses, F. O. Purser, H. W. Newson, G. E. Mitchell, R. O. Nelson, and D. A. Outlaw

Phys. Rev. C 9, 1589 (1974) - Published 1 April, 1974

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The ${}^{92}{Mo} (p, p)$ excitation function was measured with high energy resolution over the 1/ $2^{+}$ analog state at 5.3 MeV. A total of 125 $s$ -wave resonances were resolved and analyzed. Results of the analysis of the analog-state fine structure are presented. The average level spacing and the parent-state spectroscopic factor are calculated.

[NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{92}{Mo} (p, p)$ , $E = 5.13 - 5.43$ MeV; measured $σ (E, Θ)$ . ${}^{93}{Tc}$ deduced resonances $J$ , $π$ , $l$ , $Γ$ isobaric-analog resonance. Fine-structure distribution, resonance spacing, spectroscopic factor.]

Sub-Coulomb ( $d, p$ ) stripping on the $N = 82$ isotones

G. A. Norton, N. L. Gearhart, H. J. Hausman, and J. F. Morgan

Phys. Rev. C 9, 1594 (1974) - Published 1 April, 1974

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Stripping reactions ( $d, p$ ) have been performed on ${}^{139}{La}$ , ${}^{140}{Ce}$ , ${}^{141}\Pr$ , ${}^{142}{Nd}$ , and ${}^{144}{Sm}$ in which both the entrance and exit channels are below the Coulomb barrier. Reduced normalizations have been extracted from these data and are shown to be insensitive to the optical-model parameters used in the distorted-wave Born-approximation analysis. The $Q$ dependence of the reduced normalizations is also noted.

[NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{139}{La}$ , ${}^{140}{Ce}$ , ${}^{141}\Pr$ , ${}^{142}{Nd}$ , ${}^{144}{Sm} (d, p) E = 5.8$ MeV; measured $σ (θ)$ , ${}^{140}{La}$ , ${}^{141}{Ce}$ , ${}^{143}{Nd}$ , ${}^{145}{Sm}$ levels. Deduced $Λ$ . DWBA analysis, $θ = {55 - 165}^{\circ}$ , $Δ θ = 10^{\circ}$ .]

Comparison of sub-Coulomb ( $d, p$ ) stripping to analog resonance results for the $N = 82$ isotones

G. A. Norton, H. J. Hausman, and J. F. Morgan

Phys. Rev. C 9, 1601 (1974) - Published 1 April, 1974

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Reduced normalizations have been extracted from proton elastic scattering data via isobaric-analog resonance for analogs of low-lying parent states in ${}^{139}{Ba}$ , ${}^{141}{Ce}$ , ${}^{143}{Nd}$ , and ${}^{145}{Sm}$ , by the use of three different analog resonance theories. These reduced normalizations were compared to those obtained from sub-Coulomb ( $d, p$ ) stripping to the low-lying parent states of the above nuclei. This comparison shows that the $R$ -matrix theory gives the best agreement to the ( $d, p$ ) results.

[NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{138}{Ba}$ , ${}^{140}{Ce}$ , ${}^{142}{Nd}$ , ${}^{144}{Sm}$ ( $d, p$ ) comparison to ( $p, p_{0}$ ) results. Calculated $Λ$ for ( $p, p_{0}$ ) IAR results.]

Comparison of the inelastic scattering of protons by ${}^{144, 154}{Sm}$ in the region of giant resonances

D. J. Horen, F. E. Bertrand, and M. B. Lewis

Phys. Rev. C 9, 1607 (1974) - Published 1 April, 1974

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Measurements of the inelastic proton spectrum in the giant-resonance region of the nuclear continuum for ${}^{144}{Sm}$ and ${}^{154}{Sm}$ have been made using 67-MeV protons. The spectra from the spherical and deformed targets are essentially identical in the resonance region above $\approx 12.8$ MeV of excitation. Although the observed resonance peak locations and cross section are consistent with excitation of the giant dipole and giant quadrupole resonances, such an interpretation may lead to inconsistencies with the $E 1$ splitting reported for ${}^{154}{Sm}$ in photonuclear reactions.

[NUCLEAR REACTION ${}^{144}{Sm}$ , ${}^{154}{Sm} (p, p^{'})$ , $E_{p} = 66.8$ MeV, $E_{x} = 9 - 26$ MeV; measured $σ (E_{x}, θ)$ for giant-resonance region; discuss giant quadrupole and giant dipole resonances.]

Measurements of the electron-photon double decay in ${}^{113}{In}$ at 35°

M. Jurčević, K. Ilakovac, and Z. Krečak

Phys. Rev. C 9, 1611 (1974) - Published 1 April, 1974

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Double- and triple-coincidence measurements of the electron-photon double decay of the 392-keV state in ${}^{113}{In}$ were performed at a relative angle of emission of 35°. The method of three-dimensional analysis was applied to record the amplitudes of pulses from the electron and photon detectors and the time difference in the occurrence of pulses. $K γ$ decay was well resolved from higher-shell decays, but $L γ$ , $M γ$ , and $N γ$ decays were not resolved. The energy spectrum of photons for $K γ$ and $(L + M + N) γ$ decays was derived from the experimental data. The results are in agreement with the theory of the internal Compton effect of Spruch and Goertzel.

[RADIOACTIVITY ${}^{113}{In}^{m}$ ; measured $e γ$ double decay at 35°; deduced photon energy distribution in the range 17.6 to 248.4 keV for $K γ$ decay and 37.8 to 163.9 keV for $(L + M + N) γ$ decay.]

Core coupling in ${}^{99}{Nb}$

P. K. Bindal and D. H. Youngblood

Phys. Rev. C 9, 1618 (1974) - Published 1 April, 1974

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The ${}^{100}{Mo} (d, {}^{3}{He}) {}^{99}{Nb}$ reaction at 40.7-MeV bombarding energy was used to obtain excitation energies, spectroscopic factors, and $l$ -value assignments for levels in ${}^{99}{Nb}$ . A core-coupling model is used to predict these properties and agreement with experiment is found to be good.

[NUCLEAR REACTIONS, NUCLEAR STRUCTURE ${}^{100}{Mo} (d, {}^{3}{He})$ , $E = 40.7$ MeV, measured $σ (θ)$ ${}^{99}{Nb}$ levels deduced $S$ . Calculated levels, $J$ , $π$ , $S {}^{99}{Nb}$ particle-core-coupling model.]

Neutron-resonance capture gamma rays in ${}^{136}{Ba}$

R. E. Chrien, G. W. Cole, J. L. Holm, and O. A. Wasson

Phys. Rev. C 9, 1622 (1974) - Published 1 April, 1974

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Earlier experiments have reported an anomalous $M 1$ strength for the ground-state radiative transition in ${}^{136}{Ba}$ following neutron capture. Barium has been restudied in discrete resonance and average resonance capture. The $γ$ -ray widths are measured and tabulated. We find a $γ$ -ray strength function for $M 1$ transitions of (20 ± 7) × $10^{- 9}$ Me $V^{- 3}$ from a study of capture in discrete resonances below 500 eV. From a study of neutron capture in an energy band 2 keV wide at 24.5 keV we find comparable values. These values are near the mean value (18 × $10^{- 9}$ ) Me $V^{- 3}$ observed for all nuclei; hence we conclude that the average $M 1$ strength in ${}^{136}{Ba}$ is quite normal. Additional widths for primary $E 1$ and $M 1$ transitions are also reported. A detailed multilevel analysis of the partial ( $n, γ$ ) cross sections below the first ${}^{135}{Ba}$ resonance at 24 eV shows a negligible direct $M 1$ component.

[NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{135}{Ba} (n, γ) {}^{136}{Ba}$ ; measured spectra, $Γ_{γ λ f}$ , $J^{π}$ , resonances up to 500 eV; average resonance capture at $E_{n} = 24$ keV; $M 1$ photon strength functions.]

Structure of ${}^{113}{In}$ studied via the reactions ${}^{115}{In} (p, t) {}^{113}{In}$ , ${}^{112}{Cd} ({}^{3}{He}, d) {}^{113}{In}$ , and ${}^{112}{Cd} ({}^{4}{He}, t) {}^{113}{In}$

R. G. Markham and H. W. Fulbright

Phys. Rev. C 9, 1633 (1974) - Published 1 April, 1974

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${}^{115}{In} (p, t) {}^{113}{In}$ , ${}^{112}{Cd} ({}^{3}{He}, d) {}^{113}{In}$ , and ${}^{112}{Cd} (α, t) {}^{113}{In}$ experiments have been done and distorted-wave Born approximation analysis has been used to obtain $L$ transfers and spectroscopic factors. Several new levels are reported and $J^{π}$ assignments are proposed. Two sets of states observed via the two types of reactions are classified as hole-core levels formed by coupling a proton hole to the states of ${}^{114}{Sn}$ , and particle-core levels formed by coupling a proton to the states of ${}^{112}{Cd}$ . Results of particle-core and hole-core model calculations are consistent with the observed spectroscopic factors and with the proposed level scheme.

[NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{115}{In} (p, t)$ , $E = 17, 19$ MeV; ${}^{112}{Cd} ({}^{3}{He}, d)$ , ( $α, t$ ), $E = 27$ MeV; measured $σ (θ)$ ; ${}^{113}{In}$ levels deduced $J^{π}$ , $S$ . Enriched targets, spectrograph, DWBA analysis.]

${}^{19}F (α, t) {}^{20}{Ne}$ reaction at 28.5 MeV

A. W. Obst and K. W. Kemper

Phys. Rev. C 9, 1643 (1974) - Published 1 April, 1974

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The measured ${}^{19}F (α, t) {}^{20}{Ne}$ angular distributions of Hansen et al. at 28.5 MeV to the first $0^{+}$ - $2^{+}$ - $4^{+}$ states have been reanalyzed in terms of the collective-model coupled-channel Born-approximation theory. The " $j$ -forbidden" $4^{+}$ cross section at 4.247 MeV is well described by the theory, while the allowed transitions show little change from the distorted-wave Born-approximation results. Limited excitation-function measurements of the ${}^{19}F (α, t) {}^{20}{Ne}$ reaction from 25 to 26 MeV show little structure, indicating little compound contribution to the "allowed" and " $j$ -forbidden" transitions.

[NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{19}F (α, t) {}^{20}{Ne}$ , $E = 28.5$ MeV; for first $0^{+}$ - $2^{+}$ - $4^{+}$ calculated $σ (θ)$ , DWBA and CCBA; deduced $S$ .]

Partial conservation of axial-vector current and nuclear beta decay

Barry R. Holstein

Phys. Rev. C 9, 1646 (1974) - Published 1 April, 1974

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The disagreement pointed out by Armstrong and Kim between the elementary particle approach and the impulse-approximation predictions for $Δ J^{P} = 0^{-}$ nuclear $β$ decay is examined from the point of view of the axial current operator. Naive theoretical predictions are found to be in disagreement with present data.

[RADIOACTIVITY Discuss PCAC in $β$ decay; calculated spectra for $0^{+}$ - $0^{-}$ transition.]

Dynamic treatment of the mass distribution in fission

L. C. Pwu and B. Castel

Phys. Rev. C 9, 1650 (1974) - Published 1 April, 1974

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Angular-correlation measurements of small multipole admixtures in gamma-ray transitions in ${}^{207}{Pb}$

Morton Kaplan and E. Jane Wilson

Phys. Rev. C 9, 1653 (1974) - Published 1 April, 1974

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Precise angular-correlation measurements have been made on the 1770-570-keV and 1063-570-keV $γ$ -ray cascades in ${}^{207}{Pb}$ . By using energy-gated timing analysis and obtaining good counting statistics at many angles, we have derived angular-correlation coefficients with significantly smaller uncertainties than previously reported. Data for the highly anisotropic 1063-570-keV correlation confirm the presence of a small $E 5$ admixture in the predominantly $M 4$ ( $\frac{13}{2} + \to \frac{5}{2} -$ ) transition. The nearly isotropic 1770-570-keV cascade exhibits considerably less anisotropy than found in earlier work and corresponds to a mixing of about 1% $E 2$ into the ( $\frac{7}{2} - \to \frac{5}{2} -$ ) $M 1$ transition.

[RADIOACTIVITY ${}^{207}{Bi}$ ; measured $γ γ (θ)$ ; deduced $γ$ -mixing ${}^{207}{Pb}$ transitions.]

Nonlocal separable potential and $p - p$ scattering

S. Ali, M. Rahman, and D. Husain

Phys. Rev. C 9, 1657 (1974) - Published 1 April, 1974

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Macroscopic analysis of ( $p, n$ ) reactions

P. D. Kunz, L. D. Rickertsen, and G. W. Hoffmann

Phys. Rev. C 9, 1659 (1974) - Published 1 April, 1974

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Investigation of ${}^{67}{Zn}$ states by the ${}^{66}{Zn} (d, p)$ and ${}^{65}{Cu} ({}^{3}{He}, p)$ reactions

H. A. Ismail, W. H. Moore, J. N. Hallock, and H. A. Enge

Phys. Rev. C 9, 1662 (1974) - Published 1 April, 1974

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The ${}^{66}{Zn} (d, p) {}^{67}{Zn}$ and ${}^{65}{Cu} ({}^{3}{He}, p) {}^{67}{Zn}$ reactions have been studied at bombarding energies of 7.5 and 13.0 MeV, respectively. Below $E_{x} = 3.78$ MeV, 44 levels were observed in the ( $d, p$ ) reaction while 25 levels below $E_{x} = 5.21$ were observed in the ( ${}^{3}{He}, p$ ) reaction.

[NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{66}{Zn} (d, p)$ , ( $d, d$ ), $E_{d} = 7.5$ MeV; measured $σ (E_{p}, θ)$ , $Q$ . ${}^{67}{Zn}$ deduced levels, $J$ , $l_{n}$ , $π$ . Enriched target. ${}^{65}{Cu} ({}^{3}{He}, p)$ , ( ${}^{3}{He}, {}^{3}{He}$ ), $E = 13.0$ MeV; measured $σ (E_{p}, θ)$ , $Q$ . ${}^{67}{Zn}$ deduced levels, $L$ . Enriched target.]

Some aspects of the decay of ${}^{62}{Zn}$

S. L. Waters

Phys. Rev. C 9, 1665 (1974) - Published 1 April, 1974

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Physical Review C

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Electron scattering from ${}^{88}{Sr}$ and ${}^{89}Y$

Two-proton-transfer reactions ${}^{208}{Pb}$ ( ${}^{12}C$ , ${}^{10}{Be}$ ) ${}^{210}{Po}$ and ${}^{208}{Pb}$ ( ${}^{16}O$ , ${}^{14}C$ ) ${}^{210}{Po}$

Resonance fluorescence from the 7.08-MeV state in ${}^{208}{Pb}$

Inelastic proton scattering from ${}^{138}{Ba}$ and ${}^{144}{Sm}$ at 30 MeV

High-resolution study of the 1/ $2^{+}$ analog state in ${}^{93}{Tc}$

Sub-Coulomb ( $d, p$ ) stripping on the $N = 82$ isotones

Comparison of sub-Coulomb ( $d, p$ ) stripping to analog resonance results for the $N = 82$ isotones

Comparison of the inelastic scattering of protons by ${}^{144, 154}{Sm}$ in the region of giant resonances

Measurements of the electron-photon double decay in ${}^{113}{In}$ at 35°

Core coupling in ${}^{99}{Nb}$

Neutron-resonance capture gamma rays in ${}^{136}{Ba}$

Structure of ${}^{113}{In}$ studied via the reactions ${}^{115}{In} (p, t) {}^{113}{In}$ , ${}^{112}{Cd} ({}^{3}{He}, d) {}^{113}{In}$ , and ${}^{112}{Cd} ({}^{4}{He}, t) {}^{113}{In}$

${}^{19}F (α, t) {}^{20}{Ne}$ reaction at 28.5 MeV

Partial conservation of axial-vector current and nuclear beta decay

Dynamic treatment of the mass distribution in fission

Angular-correlation measurements of small multipole admixtures in gamma-ray transitions in ${}^{207}{Pb}$

Nonlocal separable potential and $p - p$ scattering

Macroscopic analysis of ( $p, n$ ) reactions

Investigation of ${}^{67}{Zn}$ states by the ${}^{66}{Zn} (d, p)$ and ${}^{65}{Cu} ({}^{3}{He}, p)$ reactions

Some aspects of the decay of ${}^{62}{Zn}$

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