Recent Articles

Role of orthogonality scattering in collisions of composite particles

C. M. Shakin and M. S. Weiss

Phys. Rev. C 11, 756 (1975) - Published 1 March, 1975

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In the scattering of composite particles there exist states of relative motion of the composites which are not allowed when one imposes the requirements of the Pauli principle. In this work we show how such redundant states may be identified and how the scattering solutions may be made orthogonal to these states. The strong repulsive forces existing between the composites may be understood in this context. We discuss the role of the redundant solutions in the resonating group method, using the calculation of ( $3 N - 3 N$ ) scattering as an example, and also comment on the nucleon-nucleon scattering problem.

Double charge exchange scattering of pions by ${}^{18}O$

L. C. Liu and Victor Franco

Phys. Rev. C 11, 760 (1975) - Published 1 March, 1975

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We calculate the cross section for the double charge exchange (DCE) reaction ( $π^{+}, π^{-}$ ) The multiple-scattering series for DCE scattering of pions by nuclei is found to converge slowly. To take into account the higher order contributions, we use an eikonalized distorted wave formulation, which is obtained from the usual Glauber series by retaining those terms corresponding to coherent scattering processes. We include $s$ , $p$ , $d$ , and $f$ partial waves in the pion-nucleon ( $π N$ ) elastic scattering amplitudes used in the calculations. Our results show that for incident pion energies below ∼200 MeV the contribution of the spin-flip part of the $π N$ elastic scattering amplitude to the cross section interferes significantly with that due to the spin-independent part of the $π N$ amplitude. The $d$ wave of the $π N$ amplitude contributes significantly to the cross section above ∼100 MeV. Above ∼500 MeV the contribution from the $f$ wave becomes important. The calculated total DCE cross section for ${}^{18}O (π^{+}, π^{-}) {}^{18}{Ne}$ has a minimum near 130 MeV. Although a maximum occurs near the (3,3) resonance energy in both the double scattering and the double plus triple scattering cross sections, in the full distorted wave results the maximum is located near 400 MeV and is rather broad. The forward differential cross section for DCE exhibits the same qualitative features as the integrated cross section as a function of the pion incident energy. The angular distributions are peaked in the forward direction and possess structure in the form of maxima and minima or shoulders.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{18}O (π^{+}, π^{-}) {}^{18}{Ne}$ , $E \leq 550$ MeV; calculated $σ (E)$ , $σ (E, θ = 0 °)$ , $σ (θ)$ .

Systematic study of the photodisintegration of ${}^{70}{Ge}$ , ${}^{72}{Ge}$ , ${}^{74}{Ge}$ , and ${}^{76}{Ge}$

J. J. McCarthy, R. C. Morrison, and H. J. Vander Molen

Phys. Rev. C 11, 772 (1975) - Published 1 March, 1975

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Cross sections for the ( $γ, n$ ), the ( $γ, 2 n$ ), and the ( $γ, np$ ) reactions for ${}^{70}{Ge}$ , ${}^{72}{Ge}$ , ${}^{74}{Ge}$ , and ${}^{76}{Ge}$ , and the ( $γ, p$ ) reaction for ${}^{74}{Ge}$ have been measured from threshold to 40 MeV at the Iowa State University Synchrotron Laboratory. Cross section results were obtained by unfolding bremsstrahlung yield curves. A "total" photoabsorption cross section was obtained for each isotope by adding the partial cross sections together. Cross sections integrated to 40 MeV are given for each reaction. Giant resonance parameters obtained from the total cross sections are compared with the results of a dynamic collective model calculation. Cross section strength is found at energies above the giant dipole resonance and is discussed in terms of the integrated cross sections.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{70, 72, 74, 76}{Ge} (γ, n)$ , ( $γ, 2 n$ ), $E_{γ} = 9 - 40$ MeV; measured $σ (E γ)$ . Enriched targets. ${}^{70, 76}{Ge} (γ, n)$ , ${}^{70, 72, 74, 76}{Ge} (γ, n p)$ , ${}^{74}{Ge} (γ, p)$ , $E = 9 - 40$ MeV; measured $σ (E γ)$ . Natural targets. Total $σ' s$ compared with dynamic collective model.

Shell and pairing effects in alpha-accompanied fission

N. Cârjan, A. Săndulescu, and V. V. Pashkevich

Phys. Rev. C 11, 782 (1975) - Published 1 March, 1975

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Supposing that an $α$ emitter remains an $α$ emitter while it undergoes fission, the $α$ -particle formation probability on the surface of the fissioning system is computed (at different moments of spontaneous fission of ${}^{252}{Cf}$ and thermal neutron fission of ${}^{235}U$ ) in the point- $α$ -particle approximation and within the shell model, the Woods-Saxon nucleonic configurations being mixed through pairing forces. The variation with position on the surface is given. The results obtained afford a qualitative explanation of the experimental angular distribution (including polar emission) of $α$ particles accompanying the fission process.

NUCLEAR STRUCTURE, FISSION ${}^{252}{Cf} (sf)$ , ${}^{235}U (n, f)$ accompanied by emission of $α$ particles; computed preformation probability of $α$ particles for different shapes of the fissioning nucleus between saddle and scission.

Analysis of one-nucleon transfer reactions between heavy ions in terms of exact finite-range distorted-wave Born-approximation calculations

K. S. Low and T. Tamura

Phys. Rev. C 11, 789 (1975) - Published 1 March, 1975

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A new technique is developed to carry out exact finite-range distorted-wave Born-approximation calculations very quickly, and is applied to analyze a large amount of data for one-nucleon transfer reactions between heavy ions. It is confirmed that heavy-ion induced reaction data, if analyzed in terms of an exact finite-range approach, can be used as a dependable spectroscopic tool.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{208}{Pb}$ ( ${}^{16}O$ , ${}^{15}N$ ), $E = 103, 140$ MeV; ${}^{208}{Pb}$ ( ${}^{12}C$ , ${}^{11}B$ ), ${}^{208}{Pb}$ ( ${}^{12}C$ , ${}^{13}C$ ), $E = 77, 98, 116$ MeV; ${}^{208}{Pb}$ ( ${}^{11}B$ , ${}^{10}{Be}$ ), ${}^{208}{Pb}$ ( ${}^{11}B$ , ${}^{12}B$ ), $E = 72.2$ MeV; ${}^{88}{Sr}$ ( ${}^{16}O$ , ${}^{15}N$ ), $E = 44 - 59$ MeV; ${}^{64}{Ni}$ ( ${}^{16}O$ , ${}^{15}N$ ), $E = 56$ MeV; ${}^{64}{Ni}$ ( ${}^{12}C$ , ${}^{11}B$ ), $E = 48$ MeV; calculated $σ (θ)$ ; full recoil; exact-finite-range DWBA, ${}^{209}{Bi}$ , ${}^{207}{Pb}$ , ${}^{99}Y$ , ${}^{65}{Cu}$ levels deduced $S$ .

Photoproduction of $π^{+}$ from ${}^{51}V$

Norman Freed and Peter Ostrander

Phys. Rev. C 11, 805 (1975) - Published 1 March, 1975

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The reaction ${}^{51}V (γ, π^{+}) {}^{51}{Ti}$ is investigated within the impulse approximation. A detailed shell-model calculation is carried out to determine the character of the final nuclear states. We discuss the dependence of the reaction on the single-nucleon production amplitudes, nuclear wave functions, and simulated final state interactions.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{51}V (γ, π^{+})$ calculated total $σ$ .

${}^{16, 18}O$ elastic scattering from ${}^{58}{Ni}$

M. S. Zisman, R. M. DeVries, J. G. Cramer, K- L Liu, Y- d Chan, and B. Cuengco

Phys. Rev. C 11, 809 (1975) - Published 1 March, 1975

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The elastic scattering of ${}^{18}O$ + ${}^{58}{Ni}$ at 63.4 MeV and ${}^{16}O$ + ${}^{58}{Ni}$ at 63, 71.5, and 81 MeV has been studied and optical model fits have been obtained. The data indicate that weakly absorbing optical potentials of the type used in some recent distorted wave Born approximation calculations are inconsistent with back angle elastic scattering. A five-parameter surface transparent optical potential with $a_{I} < a_{R}$ has been found which reproduces the elastic scattering over this energy range and appears to be capable of qualitatively reproducing the observed forward peaked and oscillatory transfer reaction angular distributions in this mass region.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{58}{Ni}$ ( ${}^{18}O$ , ${}^{18}O$ ), $E = 63.4$ MeV, ${}^{58}{Ni}$ ( ${}^{16}O$ , ${}^{16}O$ ), $E = 63, 71.5, 81$ MeV; measured $σ (θ)$ ; deduced optical model parameters.

${}^{206}{Pb} (p, d) {}^{205}{Pb}$ reaction, energy-weighted sum rule, shell model test

W. A. Lanford

Phys. Rev. C 11, 815 (1975) - Published 1 March, 1975

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The ${}^{206}{Pb} (p, d) {}^{205}{Pb}$ reaction has been studied at 35 MeV. The angular distributions for this reaction were measured relative to the angular distributions for the ${}^{208}{Pb} (p, d) {}^{207}{Pb}$ reaction to the single-neutron-hole states in ${}^{207}{Pb}$ and relative spectroscopic factors are reported. The non-energy-weighted sum rule is used to determine the orbit occupancies of the ${}^{206}{Pb}$ target. These orbit occupancies are combined with other experimental results to determine the ground state wave function of ${}^{206}{Pb}$ . The Bansal-French energy-weighted sum rule is used to deduce some properties of the neutron-neutron effective interaction. Detailed comparison between experimental spectroscopic factors and predictions of recent nuclear model calculations is made.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{206}{Pb} (p, d) {}^{205}{Pb}$ , $E_{p} = 35$ MeV; measured $σ (E_{d}, θ)$ ; deduced energies, spectroscopic factors; energy-weighted sum rule analysis.

Capture gamma rays from high-spin states excited by thermal-neutron capture in nuclear isomers

Bernard Hamermesh and Robert K. Smither

Phys. Rev. C 11, 827 (1975) - Published 1 March, 1975

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Thermal neutron capture $γ$ rays from ${}^{123}{Te}^{m}$ were studied in the energy region 6.7 to 9.5 MeV. The capturing nucleus has spin $h_{\frac{11}{2}} -$ so that states of spin 5- and 6- may be reached. Transitions to states of ${}^{124}{Te}$ having spins 6+ and 7- were observed, whereas transitions to a low lying state of spin 4+ were not observed. The results indicate that the 6- state is excited by capture, whereas the 5- state is not. The technique used provides a method of studying high-spin states.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{123}{Te}^{m} (n, γ) {}^{124}{Te}$ measured energy region 6.7-9.5 MeV. Transitions to $6^{+}$ and $7^{-}$ observed. No transitions to $4^{+}$ seen. Deduced spin initial excited state.

Eikonal calculations for high-energy electron-nucleus scattering

J. Diarmuid Murphy and H. Überall

Phys. Rev. C 11, 829 (1975) - Published 1 March, 1975

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The complete electron-nucleus cross section, containing both longitudinal and transverse interactions, has been obtained for elastic as well as inelastic scattering using the eikonal wave functions of Yennie et al. This approach is based on the distorted-wave Born approximation, and retains only the leading term in an asymptotic expansion (in inverse powers of momentum transfer times nuclear radius) of the eikonal integrals. The method should be valid at electron energies above 2-300 MeV, and should constitute an improvement over the phase-shift method when the latter becomes inaccurate above 4-500 MeV. A simple collective nuclear model for magnetic transitions is also given, which contains the rotational collective flow of nuclear charge.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS Electron scattering ${}^{27}{Al}$ , ${}^{51}V$ , ${}^{115}{In}$ , ${}^{208}{Pb}$ , ${}^{209}{Bi}$ calculated elastic, inelastic magnetic form factors using eikonal method.

Odd-even systematics in neutron fission yields of ${}^{233}U$ and ${}^{235}U$

S. Amiel and H. Feldstein

Phys. Rev. C 11, 845 (1975) - Published 1 March, 1975

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An analysis of the distribution of independent yields in neutron induced fission of ${}^{233}U$ and ${}^{235}U$ revealed a constant enhancement of products with an even number of protons, relative to those with an odd number. This odd-even effect in the proton pairing, related to calculated "normal" yields of elements in fission, constitutes a sawtooth structure with an amplitude of (22±7)% for both ${}^{233}U$ and ${}^{235}U$ thermal neutron induced fission. The residual neutron pairing effect evident after the emission of prompt neutrons, while it is insignificant (<3%) in the light mass peaks, is partly preserved in the heavy mass peaks of both ${}^{235}U$ and ${}^{233}U$ thermal neutron fission products. Its average magnitude is about (8±5)% relative to the "normal" distribution of isotonic yields. In the fission of ${}^{235}U$ with fission spectrum neutrons, the proton pairing effect drops to (8±4)%. The odd-even effect is discussed in view of the various mass splits, the excitation energy and potential energy surfaces in the descent from the saddle to the scission configuration.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS, FISSION ${}^{235}U (n_{th}, f)$ , ${}^{233}U (n_{th}, f)$ , and ${}^{235}U (n_{fast}, f)$ . Reevaluation of independent fission yields, deduced odd-even yield systematics.

Elastic scattering of ${}^{16}O$ by even mass nickel isotopes

Leon West, Jr., K. W. Kemper, and N. R. Fletcher

Phys. Rev. C 11, 859 (1975) - Published 1 March, 1975

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The angular distributions of ${}^{16}O$ elastically scattered from enriched targets of even-mass nickel isotopes have been measured for $E_{{}^{16}O} = 36 to 56$ MeV. A four parameter optical model is used to describe the data and the parameter ambiguities are discussed in detail. A potential folding calculation provides an equally good representation of the data and yields a set of equivalent optical model parameters which are within the parameter ambiguity relationships discussed. The ${}^{16}O$ + nucleon real potential necessary to describe the data through the folding procedure is less than one-half the value derived from ${}^{16}O$ + nucleon scattering measurements.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{58, 60, 62, 64}{Ni}$ ( ${}^{16}O$ , ${}^{16}O$ ), measured $σ (θ, E)$ , $E = 36 to 56$ MeV. Four parameter optical model and folded optical model descriptions.

Levels of ${}^{203, 205}{Tl}$ from the ( $n, n^{'} γ$ ) reaction

N. Ahmed, D. R. Gill, W. J. McDonald, G. C. Neilson, and W. K. Dawson

Phys. Rev. C 11, 869 (1975) - Published 1 March, 1975

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The energy levels of ${}^{203}{Tl}$ and ${}^{205}{Tl}$ have been studied using the ( $n, n^{'} γ$ ) reaction with enriched isotopes. Deexcitation $γ$ rays were observed in a time-of-flight gated Ge(Li) detector at several neutron energies. Level schemes for ${}^{203}{Tl}$ and ${}^{205}{Tl}$ have been proposed. A substantial discrepancy between the experimental cross sections and those calculated from the compound nuclear statistical theory has been found. The magnitudes of the predicted cross sections are roughly a factor of 2 high, whereas previous results for other nuclei indicate much better agreement.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{203, 205}{Tl} (n, n^{'} γ)$ , $E = 1.1 - 3.2$ MeV; measured $E_{γ}$ , $σ (E_{n}; E_{γ})$ ${}^{203, 205}{Tl}$ levels deduced. $γ$ branching. Enriched targets; Ge(Li) detector.

Absolute cross sections for the ${}^{61}{Ni} ({}^{16}O, X)$ reactions

J. C. Wells, Jr., R. L. Robinson, H. J. Kim, and J. L. C. Ford, Jr.

Phys. Rev. C 11, 879 (1975) - Published 1 March, 1975

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The absolute cross sections for a number of different reactions resulting from the bombardment of ${}^{61}{Ni}$ with 38.5, 41.0, 43.5, 46.0, 48.5, and 51.0 MeV ${}^{16}O$ ions were determined from $γ$ -ray yields observed from the decay of resulting radioactivities, and from yields of in-beam $γ$ rays. The total cross section was compared to an optical-model calculation. The relative population of the reaction products was compared to calculations for the statistical decay of a compound nucleus by $n$ , $p$ , and $α$ evaporation. This model does account for the general features of the experimental results, and agrees reasonably well with the stronger exit channels.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS: ${}^{61}{Ni} ({}^{16}O, X)$ , $E_{{}^{16}O} = 38.5, 41.0, 43.5, 46.0, 48.5, and 51.0$ MeV; measured $E_{γ}$ , $I_{γ}$ ; deduced $σ (E)$ .

Pre-equilibrium alpha emission induced by different incident channels: Evidence for alpha preformation in nuclei

A. Chevarier, N. Chevarier, A. Demeyer, G. Hollinger, P. Pertosa, and Tran Minh Duc

Phys. Rev. C 11, 886 (1975) - Published 1 March, 1975

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A study of $α$ emission induced by different incident channels has been undertaken. Measurements of energy spectra and angular distributions of $α$ particles emitted in proton-, deuteron-, ${}^{3}{He}$ -, and $α$ -induced reactions were performed. An analysis in the frame of the pre-equilibrium model succeeds in giving an over-all description of all particle spectra. The $α$ particle being in this approach considered as an exciton, a preformation factor around 0.2 for four nucleons to be correlated as an $α$ particle has been obtained. The $α$ preformation probability deduced from this analysis is independent of the proton, deuteron, ${}^{3}{He}$ incident channel, incident energy, and mass of target nuclei.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{57}{Fe}$ , ${}^{58}{Co}$ , ${}^{66}{Zn}$ , ${}^{118}{Sn}$ , ${}^{209}{Bi} (p, α)$ ; ${}^{56}{Fe} (d, α)$ ; ${}^{55}{Mn}$ , ${}^{57}{Fe}$ , ${}^{207}{Pb} ({}^{3}{He}, α)$ ; ${}^{56}{Fe}$ , ${}^{63}{Cu}$ , ${}^{115}{In}$ , ${}^{206}{Pb} (α, α^{'})$ measured $σ (E_{α}, θ)$ deduced reaction mechanism.

Total neutron cross section for ${}^{151}{Sm}$ and nuclear systematics of the Sm isotopes

G. J. Kirouac and H. M. Eiland

Phys. Rev. C 11, 895 (1975) - Published 1 March, 1975

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The energy dependent total neutron cross section of ${}^{151}{Sm}$ , a fission product poison, has been measured from thermal neutron energies up to about 2.3 keV. The results obtained for the thermal (0.0253 eV) cross section, resonance integral, $s$ -wave level spacing, and strength function were: 15 200 ± 300 b, 3520 ± 160 b, 1.72 ± 0.07 eV, and $S_{0} = 3.65 \pm 0.48 \times 10^{- 4}$ , respectively. The neutron widths for 120 resonances up to 300 eV were obtained by conventional analytic methods and the radiation widths were also obtained for 13 low energy resonances. The strength function was derived from resolved neutron resonances and from the average keV cross section. In addition, the Dyson-Mehta $Δ_{3}$ statistic was calculated from the level sequences of Sm isotopes and compared with the prediction of the statistical orthogonal ensemble. The level densities of six Sm isotopes and seven Nd isotopes were used to compute the Fermi level density parameter $a$ , and these results are discussed in light of the nuclear structure. Finally, the systematic behavior of $s$ -wave strength functions in the $142 \leq A \leq 158$ mass region is examined.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{151}{Sm} (n, n)$ , ( $n, γ$ ), $E = 0 - 2.5$ keV; measured $σ_{t} (E)$ ; deduced $E_{0}$ , $g Γ_{n}$ , $Γ_{γ}$ , $S_{0}$ , $〈 D_{0} 〉$ ; O.E. theory test; studied systematics $S_{0}$ , $〈 D_{0} 〉$ for $142 \leq A \leq 158$ .

Elastic scattering of ${}^{14}N$ by ${}^{40}{Ca}$ , ${}^{56}{Fe}$ , ${}^{62}{Ni}$ , ${}^{70, 74}{Ge}$ , ${}^{90}{Zr}$ , and ${}^{118}{Sn}$

M. E. Williams, R. H. Davis, C. I. Delaune, G. M. Hudson, K. W. Kemper, and A. F. Zeller

Phys. Rev. C 11, 906 (1975) - Published 1 March, 1975

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Elastic scattering of ${}^{14}N$ by ${}^{40}{Ca}$ , ${}^{56}{Fe}$ , ${}^{62}{Ni}$ , ${}^{70, 74}{Ge}$ , ${}^{90}{Zr}$ , and ${}^{118}{Sn}$ has been studied in the region of the Coulomb barrier in order to extract optical-model parameters and interaction barrier heights. Angular distributions were measured in 10° steps from 20° or 30° to 170° over an energy range of 24 to 54 MeV. Although barrier heights determined from the optical-model parameters were 20% lower than the static Coulomb barrier $\frac{Z_{1} Z_{2} e^{2}}{1.35 ({A_{1}}^{\frac{1}{3}} + {A_{2}}^{\frac{1}{3}})}$ , they are consistent with those calculated by several models.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{40}{Ca}$ , ${}^{56}{Fe}$ , ${}^{62}{Ni}$ , ${}^{70, 74}{Ge}$ , ${}^{90}{Zr}$ , ${}^{118}{Sn}$ ( ${}^{14}N$ , ${}^{14}N$ ), $E = 24 to 54$ MeV; measured $σ (E, θ)$ ; deduced interaction barrier heights, optical model parameters. Enriched targets, resolution 300-500 keV; $θ = 20 - 170 °$ , $Δ θ = 10 °$ .

Lifetimes of levels in ${}^{136}{Xe}$ , ${}^{140}{Cs}$ , and ${}^{141}{Cs}$ populated in the decays of mass-separated ${}^{136}I$ , ${}^{140}{Xe}$ , and ${}^{141}{Xe}$

J. A. Morman, W. C. Schick, Jr., and W. L. Talbert, Jr.

Phys. Rev. C 11, 913 (1975) - Published 1 March, 1975

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The decays of ${}^{141}{Xe}$ , ${}^{140}{Xe}$ , and ${}^{136}I$ were examined for the presence of energy levels in ${}^{141}{Cs}$ , ${}^{140}{Cs}$ , and ${}^{136}{Xe}$ , respectively, with measurable half-lives in the nsec range. Using a least-squares fitting procedure to analyze the delayed coincidence data taken with a planar Ge(Li)-plastic scintillator system, the half-lives of the following levels were measured: ${}^{141}{Cs}$ : 69.0 keV, 23.3 ± 0.7 nsec; 105.9 keV, 8.7 ± 0.2 nsec; ${}^{140}{Cs}$ : 13.9 keV, 471 ± 51 nsec; 64.7 keV, 3.7 ± 0.3 nsec; 103.1 keV, 7.3 ± 0.3 nsec (average of two measurements). In addition, upper limits for the half-lives of other levels in these two isotopes are also given, as well as for some levels in ${}^{136}{Xe}$ . Possible multipolarities of the transitions are discussed.

RADIOACTIVITY ${}^{136}I$ , ${}^{140}{Xe}$ , ${}^{141}{Xe}$ from ${}^{235}U (n, f)$ ; measured delayed coin; deduced $T_{\frac{1}{2}}$ for levels in ${}^{136}{Xe}$ , ${}^{140}{Cs}$ , ${}^{141}{Cs}$ ; Ge(Li) and scin detectors; mass-separated activities.

$K$ -shell internal ionization in $K$ -capture decay of ${}^{55}{Fe}$

Tetsuo Kitahara and Sakae Shimizu

Phys. Rev. C 11, 920 (1975) - Published 1 March, 1975

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The energy spectrum of $K$ electrons ejected from ${}^{55}{Fe}$ during $K$ -capture decay has been measured in the energy range from 5 to 180 keV. In addition, a value of the total $K$ -shell internal ionization probability per $K$ capture has been estimated experimentally. The phenomenon was observed by the triple-coincidence ( $K$ -x-ejected $e^{-} - K$ -x) experiment using a gas proportional counter for ejected electrons and two gas proportional counters for Mn $K$ x rays. For the higher-energy region of ejected electrons, the confinement of the electrons within the sensitive volume of the electron counter was achieved by applying a magnetic field. The $L$ -shell contributions were rejected completely by the triple-coincidence technique. A fairly good agreement between our measured spectrum and theoretical curves, recently calculated relativistically by the present authors and by Intemann, is established even in the low-energy region down to 5 keV. The total ionization probability also agrees with the theoretical predictions within experimental error.

RADIOACTIVITY ${}^{55}{Fe}$ ; measured energy spectrum of ejected $K$ electrons from 5 to 180 keV and total ionization probability.

Radioactive decay of 4.4-h ${}^{105}{Ru}$ to levels of ${}^{105}{Rh}$

Namik K. Aras and William B. Walters

Phys. Rev. C 11, 927 (1975) - Published 1 March, 1975

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The energies, intensities and coincidences of the $γ$ rays following the radioactive decay of 4.4-h ${}^{105}{Ru}$ to levels of ${}^{105}{Rh}$ have been determined. 85 $γ$ rays have been fit into a level scheme between 25 excited states. Spin and parity assignments are deduced and discussed as are the results of earlier ${}^{104}{Ru} ({}^{3}{He}, d) {}^{105}{Rh}$ and ${}^{108}{Pd} (p, α) {}^{105}{Rh}$ reaction studies. The level structure of ${}^{105}{Rh}$ is compared with other odd-mass $41 \leq Z \leq 49$ nuclides and the presence of strong $E 1 - \frac{M 1}{E 2}$ competition discussed.

RADIOACTIVITY ${}^{105}{Ru}$ ; measured $E_{γ}$ , $I_{γ}$ , $γ γ$ coin; deduced $log ft$ . ${}^{105}{Rh}$ deduced levels, $J$ , $π$ . Ge(Li) detectors, enriched target.

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Recent Articles

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Recent Issues

Role of orthogonality scattering in collisions of composite particles

Double charge exchange scattering of pions by ${}^{18}O$

Systematic study of the photodisintegration of ${}^{70}{Ge}$ , ${}^{72}{Ge}$ , ${}^{74}{Ge}$ , and ${}^{76}{Ge}$

Shell and pairing effects in alpha-accompanied fission

Analysis of one-nucleon transfer reactions between heavy ions in terms of exact finite-range distorted-wave Born-approximation calculations

Photoproduction of $π^{+}$ from ${}^{51}V$

${}^{16, 18}O$ elastic scattering from ${}^{58}{Ni}$

${}^{206}{Pb} (p, d) {}^{205}{Pb}$ reaction, energy-weighted sum rule, shell model test

Capture gamma rays from high-spin states excited by thermal-neutron capture in nuclear isomers

Eikonal calculations for high-energy electron-nucleus scattering

Odd-even systematics in neutron fission yields of ${}^{233}U$ and ${}^{235}U$

Elastic scattering of ${}^{16}O$ by even mass nickel isotopes

Levels of ${}^{203, 205}{Tl}$ from the ( $n, n^{'} γ$ ) reaction

Absolute cross sections for the ${}^{61}{Ni} ({}^{16}O, X)$ reactions

Pre-equilibrium alpha emission induced by different incident channels: Evidence for alpha preformation in nuclei

Total neutron cross section for ${}^{151}{Sm}$ and nuclear systematics of the Sm isotopes

Elastic scattering of ${}^{14}N$ by ${}^{40}{Ca}$ , ${}^{56}{Fe}$ , ${}^{62}{Ni}$ , ${}^{70, 74}{Ge}$ , ${}^{90}{Zr}$ , and ${}^{118}{Sn}$

Lifetimes of levels in ${}^{136}{Xe}$ , ${}^{140}{Cs}$ , and ${}^{141}{Cs}$ populated in the decays of mass-separated ${}^{136}I$ , ${}^{140}{Xe}$ , and ${}^{141}{Xe}$

$K$ -shell internal ionization in $K$ -capture decay of ${}^{55}{Fe}$

Radioactive decay of 4.4-h ${}^{105}{Ru}$ to levels of ${}^{105}{Rh}$

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