Recent Articles

Nonrelativistic hard-pion production and current-field algebra. II. Reactions with composite targets

M. K. Banerjee, C. A. Levinson, M. D. Shuster, and D. A. Zollman

Phys. Rev. C 13, 2444 (1976) - Published 1 June, 1976

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The theory of hard-pion production in nucleon-nucleon collision of the authors has been extended to nucleon-nucleus collision. The theory is based on making the leading corrections to the soft-pion limit. Thus it is an approximate theory, but is probably superior to any perturbation theory.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS Theory, pion production, $N - N$ collisions, soft-pion theory, current-field algebra.

Covariant calculation of pion- ${}^{4}{He}$ elastic scattering in the (3, 3) resonance region

L. S. Celenza, L. C. Liu, and C. M. Shakin

Phys. Rev. C 13, 2451 (1976) - Published 1 June, 1976

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Differential cross sections for $π^{-} -^{4} He$ elastic scattering were calculated at energies between 110 and 260 MeV. The analysis is completely novel since we have used a covariant multiple scattering theory, and a complete integration over the motion of the target particles has been carried out (instead of invoking the fixed-scatterer approximation). The full dynamical effects of nuclear binding and Fermi motion are considered as well as some modification of the free $π N$ interaction. Theoretical results are in good agreement with the data.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS Covariant optical potential, $π^{-} -^{4} He$ elastic scattering from 110 to 260 MeV.

Suppression effects in two-channel separable ${}^{1}S_{0}$ $Λ N$ potentials

Patrick J. Hooyman and L. H. Schick

Phys. Rev. C 13, 2454 (1976) - Published 1 June, 1976

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A two-channel $YN$ potential with a single nonlocal separable from in each of the four potential matrix elements is used to represent the low-energy ${}^{1}S_{0}$ $Λ N$ interaction. An attempt is made to determine the parameters of this model by matching its prediction for the $Λ N$ scattering length and effective range to the values given by the 1972 Brown, Downs, and Iddings (BDI2) meson-theoretic potential with the $Λ N \leftrightarrow Σ N$ and the $Σ N \leftrightarrow Σ N$ interactions unsuppressed and completely suppressed. It is shown that independent of the shapes assumed for the separable forms this cannot be done. With only $Λ N \leftrightarrow Σ N$ suppression used in the determination of the $Λ N$ scattering parameters, it is found that, as in earlier works, an unwanted $Λ N$ resonance occurs. By varying one of these parameters away from the BDI2 value, this resonance is eliminated, and the shape dependence of the $Λ N$ phase shift is investigated for this case.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS $YN$ potential, $Λ N$ scattering length and effective ranges, two-channel separable potential, $Λ N \leftrightarrow Σ N$ suppression.

Spins of the 2350, 2516, and 2547 keV levels in ${}^{140}{Ce}$ determined from $γ - γ$ directional and polarization-directional correlations

G. García Bermúdez, A. Filevich, and M. Behar

Phys. Rev. C 13, 2461 (1976) - Published 1 June, 1976

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Directional correlations and polarization-directional correlations have been measured for different $γ$ cascades in ${}^{140}{Ce}$ , populated from the decay of ${}^{140}{La}$ . Combination of Ge(Li) and INa(Tl) detectors were used in both experiments. For the polarization-directional correlation measurement a planar Ge(Li) detector was employed as the linear polarization analyzer. Combination of the results of these measurements gives unique spin assignments of $5^{-}$ , $4^{+}$ , and $1^{+}$ for the 2350, 2516, and 2547 keV levels, respectively. The determined mixing ratios are: $δ (131) = - 0.33 \pm 0.04$ , $δ (267) = 0.39 \pm 0.05$ , $δ (432) = - 0.54 \pm 0.10$ , $δ (868) = - 0.034 \pm 0.007$ , and $δ = 0.10 \pm 0.03$ .

RADIOACTIVITY ${}^{140}{La}$ ; measured $γ - γ (θ)$ and $γ - γ (90 ° LP)$ (linear polarization correlation) ${}^{140}{Ce}$ deduced $J$ , $π$ , $δ$ . Ge(Li) detectors.

Level structure of ${}^{155}{Gd}$ and the electron-capture decay of ${}^{155}{Tb}$

R. A. Meyer, R. Gunnink, C. M. Lederer, and E. Browne

Phys. Rev. C 13, 2466 (1976) - Published 1 June, 1976

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The decay of ${}^{155}{Tb}$ to levels of ${}^{155}{Gd}$ has been studied by $γ$ -ray and conversion-electron spectroscopy with mass-separated sources. Below 660 keV, approximately 150 $γ$ rays have been observed and assigned to a level scheme with 28 levels. The mixing of even-parity levels is calculated using a variation plus diagonalization procedure. The resultant wave functions are used to calculate transition probabilities and magnetic moments, which are compared with the experimental results. $β -$ and $γ -$ vibrational states are identified and compared with corresponding excitations in neighboring even-even nuclei.

RADIOACTIVITY ${}^{155}{Tb}$ [from ${}^{155}{Gd} (p, n)$ , ${}^{153}{Eu} (α, 2 n)$ , ${}^{154}{Gd} (α, 3 n)$ ${}^{155}{Dy}$ (EC)]; measured $E_{γ}$ , $I_{γ}$ , $I_{ce}$ . ${}^{155}{Gd}$ deduced transitions, ICC, multipolarities, levels $J$ , $π$ , Nilsson assignments. ${}^{155}{Gd}$ calculated wave functions, transition probabilities, magnetic moments. Ge(Li), Si(Li) detectors, Compton suppression spectrometer, mass-separated sources.

${}^{200}{Pt}$ - ${}^{200}{Au}$ decay chain

John C. Hill, D. G. Shirk, R. F. Petry, and K. H. Wang

Phys. Rev. C 13, 2484 (1976) - Published 1 June, 1976

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The $γ$ decay of the ${}^{200}{Pt}$ - ${}^{200}{Au}$ decay chain to levels in ${}^{200}{Au}$ and ${}^{200}{Hg}$ was investigated using Ge(Li) detectors in singles and coincidence. Sources were produced by the ${}^{204}{Hg} (n, 2 p 3 n) {}^{200}{Pt}$ and ${}^{198}{Pt} (t, p) {}^{200}{Pt}$ reactions. Thirty $γ$ rays from ${}^{200}{Au}$ decay were placed in a level scheme involving 14 excited states in ${}^{200}{Hg}$ . $γ$ transitions from the decay of ${}^{200}{Pt}$ were observed for the first time. Of 35 $γ$ rays ascribed to the decay of ${}^{200}{Pt}$ , 31 were placed in a level scheme involving excited states of ${}^{200}{Au}$ at 60, 76, 104, 166, 240, 244, 293, 304, 390, and 469 keV. Limits on spin assignments for some of the new levels were determined.

RADIOACTIVITY ${}^{200}{Pt}$ [from ${}^{198}{Pt} (t, p)$ and ${}^{204}{Hg} (n, 2 p 3 n)$ ]; measured $τ_{\frac{1}{2}}$ , $E_{γ}$ , $I_{γ}$ , $γ γ$ -coin; ${}^{200}{Au}$ deduced levels, $J$ , $π$ , $log ft$ . ${}^{200}{Au}$ [from ${}^{200}{Pt} (β^{-})$ ]; measured $E_{γ}$ , $I_{γ}$ , $γ γ$ coin; ${}^{200}{Hg}$ deduced levels, $J$ , $π$ , $log ft$ . Enriched and natural targets, Ge(Li) detectors.

Ground-state $β$ branching of gaseous fission products and their daughters for $A = 88 - 91$

F. K. Wohn, M. D. Glascock, W. L. Talbert, Jr., S. T. Hsue, and R. J. Hanson

Phys. Rev. C 13, 2492 (1976) - Published 1 June, 1976

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The ground-state $β$ branchings for several mass-separated Kr fission products and their daughters have been measured at the TRISTAN on-line separator facility at the Ames Laboratory Research Reactor. Absolute $β$ counting was done with a $4 π$ -geometry plastic scintillation detector and $γ$ spectra were taken simultaneously with a Ge(Li) detector. The deduced values of the ground-state $β$ branching $β_{gs}$ , expressed as a percentage of decays, are: ${}^{88}{Kr}$ , 14±4; ${}^{88}{R b,}$ 78.0±1.2; ${}^{89}{K r,}$ 23±4; ${}^{89}{R b,}$ 25±5; ${}^{90}{K r,}$ 29±4; ${}^{90}{Rb}^{g}$ , 37±5; ${}^{91}{K r,}$ 10±4; ${}^{91}{R b,}$ 5±5.

RADIOACTIVITY ${}^{88, 89, 90, 91}{Kr}$ , ${}^{88, 89, 90, 91}{Rb}$ [from ${}^{235}U (n, f)$ ]; measured $I_{B}$ , $I_{γ}$ ; Ge(Li) and $4 π$ plastic scintillation detectors; deduced $β_{g . s .}$ ; mass-separated parent Kr activities.

Decay of 3.912-h ${}^{133}{La}$ to ${}^{133}{Ba}$ and level structure of the $N = 77$ nuclei

E. A. Henry and R. A. Meyer

Phys. Rev. C 13, 2501 (1976) - Published 1 June, 1976

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The levels of ${}^{133}{Ba}$ populated from $β$ decay of mass-separated ${}^{133}{La}$ were studied by $γ$ -ray spectroscopy and a $γ - γ$ -co incidence experiment. Discrepancies in the literature on ${}^{133}{Ba}$ excited levels were resolved and the ${}^{133}{Ba}$ level scheme was extended. The observed positive parity levels are qualitatively accounted for in a weak-coupling model.

RADIOACTIVITY ${}^{133}{La}$ [from decay of ${}^{133}{Ce}$ produced by Ba ( $α, X n$ )] measured $E γ$ , $I γ$ , $γ - γ$ coin; deduced $log ft$ . ${}^{133}{Ba}$ deduced levels, $J$ , $π$ , ICC. Mass separation, chem.

Decay of ${}^{179}{Lu}$ to levels in the 107-neutron nucleus ${}^{179}{Hf}$

J. C. Hill and R. A. Meyer

Phys. Rev. C 13, 2512 (1976) - Published 1 June, 1976

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The decay of ${}^{179}{Lu}$ to levels in ${}^{179}{Hf}$ has been investigated using Ge(Li) detectors. In addition to the one $γ$ ray at 214 keV reported in previous decay studies, $26 γ$ rays with energies up to 1199 keV were observed depopulating 12 levels. These results are compared with findings from single-neutron-transfer reactions and neutron-capture $γ$ -ray experiments.

RADIOACTIVITY ${}^{179}{Lu}$ [from ${}^{180}{Hf} (γ, p)$ and ${}^{179}{Hf} (n, p)$ ]; measured $E γ$ , $I γ$ , $γ - γ$ ; ${}^{179}{Hf}$ deduced levels, $J$ , $π$ , $log ft$ . Enriched and natural targets, Ge(Li) detector.

Superallowed Fermi $β$ decay: Lifetimes of ${}^{34}{Cl}$ , ${}^{38}K^{m}$ ${}^{42}{Sc}$ , ${}^{46}V$ , and ${}^{50}{Mn}$

D. H. Wilkinson and D. E. Alburger

Phys. Rev. C 13, 2517 (1976) - Published 1 June, 1976

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The half-lives of the Fermi superallowed $β$ transitions of ${}^{34}{Cl}$ , ${}^{38}K^{m}$ , ${}^{42}{Sc}$ , ${}^{46}V$ , and ${}^{50}{Mn}$ have been measured by multiscaling $β$ rays detected in a plastic scintillator. The activities were produced in the reactions ${}^{32}S (t, n) {}^{34}{Cl}$ at $E_{t} = 3.0$ MeV, ${}^{35}{Cl} (α, n) {}^{38}K^{m}$ at $E_{α} = 8.0$ MeV, ${}^{42}{Ca} (p, n) {}^{42}{Sc}$ at $E_{p} = 10$ MeV, ${}^{46}{Ti} (p, n) {}^{46}V$ at $E_{p} = 10$ MeV, and ${}^{50}{Cr} (p, n) {}^{50}{Mn}$ at $E_{p} = 10$ MeV. Results for the half-lives (in msec) were as follows: ${}^{34}{Cl}$ , 1525.2±1.1; ${}^{38}K^{m}$ , 922.3±1.1; ${}^{42}{Sc}$ , 680.98±0.62; ${}^{46}V$ , 424.01±0.47; and ${}^{50}{Mn}$ , 282.72±0.26. Comparisons are made with previous measurements; the systematics of the superallowed Fermi $β$ emitters are discussed. The value for the vector coupling constant $g_{β V}^{R}$ including the "inner" radiative correction is deduced to be $g_{β V}^{R} = (1.41220 \pm 0.00043) \times 10^{- 49}$ erg ${cm}^{3}$ .

RADIOACTIVITY ${}^{34}{Cl}$ , ${}^{38}K^{m}$ , ${}^{42}{Sc}$ , ${}^{46}V$ , and ${}^{50}{Mn}$ ; measured $t_{\frac{1}{2}}$ compared with systematics.

Upper limit on a time reversal noninvariant part of Wigner's random matrix model

H. S. Camarda

Phys. Rev. C 13, 2524 (1976) - Published 1 June, 1976

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The results of a Monte Carlo investigation and comparison with experimental data of Wigner's random matrix model with differing amounts of a time reversal noninvariant part are presented. With $H_{ij} = R_{ij} + i y I_{ij}$ , calculations were performed with $y = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.50, and 1.00$ using 40×40 matrices and $y = 0.00, 0.05, and 0.10$ with 80×80 matrices. After unfolding the density variation of the eigenvalues the behavior of the Dyson-Mehta $Δ_{3}$ statistic was examined for different values of $y$ . The behavior of the reduced widths, which has also been examined in a previous calculation by Rosenzweig, Monahan, and Mehta, was found to be considerably more sensitive to small $y$ values than the $Δ_{3}$ statistic. Thus the reduced width data can place a much lower limit on $y$ than the level spacing information. A comparison of the calculations performed here with recently collected high quality neutron resonance data gives $y < 0.05$ at the 99.7% confidence level. It is also shown that the same value of the Dyson-Mehta $Δ_{3}$ statistic results when the matrix elements of Wigner's model are chosen from a Gaussian or flat distribution.

NUCLEAR STRUCTURE Monte Carlo calculation, Wigner's random matrix model. Effect of time reversal violation on statistical behavior of resonances. Comparison with experimental data.

Nuclear structure of ${}^{69, 71}{Ge}$ in the semimicroscopic model

V. Paar, U. Eberth, and J. Eberth

Phys. Rev. C 13, 2532 (1976) - Published 1 June, 1976

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The properties of negative-parity states of ${}^{69, 71}{Ge}$ are interpreted in the framework of the Alaga and the Bohr-Mottelson semimicroscopic models, respectively. The situation for positive-parity states is more complicated, but gives evidence for the correlations of the Alaga model. Both the calculations and the generalized vibrational intensity and selection rules discussion of low-lying spectra are presented.

NUCLEAR STRUCTURE ${}^{69, 71}{Ge}$ , calculated spectra, electromagnetic properties. Neutron (hole) clusters coupled to quadrupole vibration.

Effective isoscalar $M 1$ operator determined in a study of ${}^{14}N$

W. L. Sievers, J. A. Pintar, R. L. Boudrie, F. W. Prosser, Jr., and Paul Goldhammer

Phys. Rev. C 13, 2546 (1976) - Published 1 June, 1976

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The $γ$ -ray decays of the 9.17-MeV state in ${}^{14}N$ have been remeasured with a Ge(Li) detector. The primary purpose was to obtain an improved value of the $M 1$ decay strength of the ( $2^{+}$ , 0) 7.03-MeV state in ${}^{14}N$ . Additional information about the branching ratios and mixing ratios of other states and transitions was also obtained and is tabulated. The measured value of the $\frac{E 2}{M 1}$ mixing of the 7.03-MeV → 0-MeV transition was 0.74 ± 0.09; this was combined with previous measurements of this ratio and of the branching ratio and total width of the 7.03-MeV state to obtain an $M 1$ transition strength of (86 ± 9) × $10^{- 3}$ eV. This strength is then compared with the predictions of various shell model calculations. This analysis suggests the introduction of an effective isoscalar magnetic dipole operator, which is constructed by fitting the ground state magnetic moment of ${}^{14}N$ , as well as the 7.03-MeV → 0-MeV transition. This effective operator is then employed to predict the ground state magnetic moments of other nuclei in the $0 p$ and $0 s$ shells, with reasonable success.

NUCLEAR STRUCTURE ${}^{13}C (p, γ)$ , $E = 1.75$ MeV; measured $σ (θ)$ , relative intensities; deduced $δ (7.03 \to 0)$ , ${| 〈 | M 1 | 〉 |}^{2}$ , other $δ' s$ , branching ratios. Enriched target. Shell model effective magnetic moment operator.

RAPID COMMUNICATION

Proton-proton elastic scattering at 19.700 MeV

Nelson Jarmie and J. H. Jett

Phys. Rev. C 13, 2554(R) (1976) - Published 1 June, 1976

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Proton-proton scattering cross sections have been measured at 19.700 ± 0.015 MeV with a relative error of about 0.4% and a scale error of 0.4%. Thirteen data were taken in a range of center-of-mass angles of 20° to 90°.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{1}H (p, p)$ $E = 19.700$ MeV; measured differential cross sections $σ (θ)$ , $θ (c . m .) = 20 - 90 °$ , $Δ θ = 0.03 °$ , $Δ σ = 0.4 %$ .

RAPID COMMUNICATION

Off energy-shell effect on the binding energy of triton with phase equivalent $δ$ -function potentials

D. L. Shannon and C. Y. Hu

Phys. Rev. C 13, 2556(R) (1976) - Published 1 June, 1976

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A variational method is used to calculate the $S$ -state triton binding energy using four phase equivalent $δ$ -function interactions of the form $V_{LJST} (r) = Σ i^{} (\frac{v_{i}}{r_{i}}) δ (r - r_{i})$ . An average of the ${}^{3}S_{1}$ and ${}^{1}S_{0}$ interactions is used with a completely symmetric $S$ -state triton variational wave function. We find an $S$ -state binding energy for the triton of less than 1 MeV for the two hard-core potentials and 5-6 MeV for the two soft-core potentials. Comparison with Faddeev calculations is given.

NUCLEAR STRUCTURE $S$ -state triton binding energy with phase equivalent $δ$ -function potentials.

Isospin term of the real part of the Lane optical-model potential

J. D. Brandenberger and R. Schrils

Phys. Rev. C 13, 2559 (1976) - Published 1 June, 1976

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Previous neutron differential cross section measurements for Ni, Fe, and Co at 9 MeV are reanalyzed to obtain the isospin term in the real part of the Lane optical model potential employing a surface-centered form factor. The strength determined is 1.4±0.2 MeV. It is further shown that analysis of the data is little affected by the choice of a volume or surface form for the isospin term in the real potential.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS Optical model potential, isospin term, elastic and inelastic neutron cross sections, and polarizations.

RAPID COMMUNICATION

Angular distribution of neutrons from fission fragments

A. Gavron

Phys. Rev. C 13, 2562(R) (1976) - Published 1 June, 1976

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RAPID COMMUNICATION

Resonance-like behavior in the ${}^{12}C ({}^{16}O, p) {}^{27}{Al}$ reaction

A. H. Lumpkin, G. J. KeKelis, K. W. Kemper, and A. F. Zeller

Phys. Rev. C 13, 2564(R) (1976) - Published 1 June, 1976

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The excitation function for the $J^{π} = {\frac{11}{2}}^{+}$ state at $E_{x} = 4.51$ MeV in the ${}^{12}C ({}^{16}O, p) {}^{27}{Al}$ reaction exhibits resonance-like behavior ( $Γ \approx 300$ keV) at $E_{c . m .} = 11.83$ and 14.36 MeV. Proton- $γ$ coincidence measurements performed at these energies verify that the 4.510 MeV state is preferentially populated instead of lower spin states at this excitation energy. The "anomalies" occur at center-of-mass energies similar to those of reported anomalies for high spin states in the ${}^{12}C ({}^{12}C, p) {}^{23}{Na}$ reaction.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{12}C ({}^{16}O, p)$ , $E_{c . m .} = 11.0 - 15.0$ MeV; measured $E_{p}$ , $σ (p)$ ; ${}^{12}C ({}^{16}O, p γ)$ , $E_{c . m .} = 11.83 and 14.36$ MeV; measured $E_{p}$ , $E_{γ}$ , $p γ$ coin ${}^{27}{A 1}$ , spin limits for states at 7.285, 8.525, and 8.698 MeV.

RAPID COMMUNICATION

Single nucleon transfer reactions induced by ${}^{19}F$ on ${}^{24}{Mg}$

I. Tserruya, J. Barrette, P. Braun-Munzinger, C. K. Gelbke, and J. Kuzminski

Phys. Rev. C 13, 2568(R) (1976) - Published 1 June, 1976

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Angular distributions for single nucleon transfer reactions induced by ${}^{19}F$ on ${}^{24}{Mg}$ have been measured at 92 MeV incident energy. The experimental results are reproduced by distorted-wave Born-approximation calculations including recoil. These reactions, where the transferred nucleon is initially bound in an $s$ state, do not show a selective population of $j_{>}$ with respect to $j_{<}$ states in agreement with predictions based on the distorted-wave Born-approximation formalism.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{24}{Mg}$ ( ${}^{19}F$ , ${}^{18}F$ ) ${}^{25}{Mg}$ , ${}^{24}{Mg}$ ( ${}^{19}F$ , ${}^{18}O$ ) ${}^{24}{Mg}$ ( ${}^{19}F$ , ${}^{19}F$ ), $E_{lab} = 92$ MeV; measured $σ (θ)$ . Recoil DWBA analysis; deduced spectroscopic factors. Enriched target.

RAPID COMMUNICATION

Current conservation, exchange currents, and hadronic electromagnetic form factors

J. L. Friar and S. Fallieros

Phys. Rev. C 13, 2571(R) (1976) - Published 1 June, 1976

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The introduction of phenomenological form factors for the electromagnetic interactions of pions and nucleons is shown to lead to a violation of current conservation in standard treatments of exchange effects in nuclei unless these form factors are assumed to be equal. If they are not equal, other processes, which traditionally are not calculated, must contribute to the electromagnetic interaction of a nucleus.

NUCLEAR MOMENTS Exchange currents, form factors.

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Recent Issues

Nonrelativistic hard-pion production and current-field algebra. II. Reactions with composite targets

Covariant calculation of pion- ${}^{4}{He}$ elastic scattering in the (3, 3) resonance region

Suppression effects in two-channel separable ${}^{1}S_{0}$ $Λ N$ potentials

Spins of the 2350, 2516, and 2547 keV levels in ${}^{140}{Ce}$ determined from $γ - γ$ directional and polarization-directional correlations

Level structure of ${}^{155}{Gd}$ and the electron-capture decay of ${}^{155}{Tb}$

${}^{200}{Pt}$ - ${}^{200}{Au}$ decay chain

Ground-state $β$ branching of gaseous fission products and their daughters for $A = 88 - 91$

Decay of 3.912-h ${}^{133}{La}$ to ${}^{133}{Ba}$ and level structure of the $N = 77$ nuclei

Decay of ${}^{179}{Lu}$ to levels in the 107-neutron nucleus ${}^{179}{Hf}$

Superallowed Fermi $β$ decay: Lifetimes of ${}^{34}{Cl}$ , ${}^{38}K^{m}$ ${}^{42}{Sc}$ , ${}^{46}V$ , and ${}^{50}{Mn}$

Upper limit on a time reversal noninvariant part of Wigner's random matrix model

Nuclear structure of ${}^{69, 71}{Ge}$ in the semimicroscopic model

Effective isoscalar $M 1$ operator determined in a study of ${}^{14}N$

Proton-proton elastic scattering at 19.700 MeV

Off energy-shell effect on the binding energy of triton with phase equivalent $δ$ -function potentials

Isospin term of the real part of the Lane optical-model potential

Angular distribution of neutrons from fission fragments

Resonance-like behavior in the ${}^{12}C ({}^{16}O, p) {}^{27}{Al}$ reaction

Single nucleon transfer reactions induced by ${}^{19}F$ on ${}^{24}{Mg}$

Current conservation, exchange currents, and hadronic electromagnetic form factors

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