Recent Articles

Emission of ${}^{4}{He}$ reflects different facets of excited nuclei

A. Fleury, H. Delagrange, and J. P. Dufour

Phys. Rev. C 16, 1396 (1977) - Published 1 October, 1977

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Statistical model calculations have been made for ${}^{4}{He}$ emission from various excited nuclei. The energy and angular momentum removal has been calculated for each point in the $E - J$ plane. By careful choice of the excited nucleus it is possible to select each type of ${}^{4}{He}$ emission, essentially pure. Several characteristics are reported for ${}^{4}{He}$ emission from yrast traps.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS Statistical decay calculations; emphasized ${}^{4}{He}$ emission; population and decay of yrast traps.

Preequilibrium decay of nuclei with $A ≃ 90$ at excitation energies to 100 MeV

E. Gadioli, E. Gadioli Erba, and J. J. Hogan

Phys. Rev. C 16, 1404 (1977) - Published 1 October, 1977

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Calculations have been made of the excitation functions of 28 nuclear reactions induced by 10-100 MeV protons incident upon targets in the mass region, $A = 90$ . Eleven of these reactions have mechanistic components arising from the emission of $α$ particles. Similar calculations have been made of the proton and $α$ particle spectra for 62 MeV protons incident on ${}^{89}Y$ . The results of all of the calculations have been compared with the appropriate experimental data. The calculations utilize the theoretical framework of the preequilibrium exciton model for nuclear reactions in conjuction with conventional evaporation theory. A number of recent advances in the computation of equilibration and emission rates, state densities, and the nucleon mean free path have all been incorporated. In addition, introduction of a preformation factor allows the inclusion of $α$ particle emission in both the preequilibrium and evaporation stages of the calculation. Agreement between the calculations making use of no freely varying parameters and all of the experimental data is excellent. In particular, the theoretical model has reproduced the excitation functions for both simple ( $p, n$ ) and complex ( $p, 4 p 6 n$ ) reactions, at proton energies varying over nearly 100 MeV, for peak cross sections of as little as 1 mb to as great as 1000 mb, including the reproduced showing the characteristic double humped curve indicative of $α$ particle emission. Equally well reproduced are the differential proton and $α$ particle energy spectra. The characteristics of the reaction model are discussed with particular reference to the consequences of the more recent advances in the theory mentioned above.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{88}{Sr} (p, x n)$ , $x = 3 - 5$ , ( $p, p 3 n$ ), ( $p, 2 p xn$ ), $x = 1, 3, 4$ ; ${}^{89}Y (p, x n)$ , $x = 1, 3, 4$ , ( $p, p x n$ ), $x = 3 - 5$ ; ${}^{90}{Zr} (p, x n)$ , $x = 1, 2$ , ( $p, 2 p xn$ ), $x = 1 - 5$ , ( $p, 3 p xn$ ), $x = 3, 5, 6$ , ( $p, 4 p xn$ ), $x = 3 - 6$ ; ${}^{89}Y$ , $p$ and $α$ spectra; $E = 10 - 100$ MeV; calculated $σ (E)$ , $E_{p}$ , $E_{α}$ . ${}^{88}{Sr}$ , ${}^{90}{Zr}$ ; enriched target.

Neutron radii of ${}^{204, 206, 208}{Pb}$ determined from 104 MeV $α$ particle scattering

E. Friedman and C. J. Batty

Phys. Rev. C 16, 1425 (1977) - Published 1 October, 1977

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A reanalysis of the recent precision data for the scattering of 104 MeV $α$ particles by ${}^{204, 206, 208}{Pb}$ reveals a lower minimum in the $χ^{2}$ fits than that originally obtained by Gils and Rebel. This lower minimum is associated with a more acceptable value for the diffuseness parameter of the imaginary potential. It leads to smaller rms radii for the neutron distributions, which are now found to be equal to the corresponding radii for protons to within ±0.1 fm.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{204, 206, 208}{Pb}$ ${}^{204, 206, 208}{Pb} (α, α)$ , $E_{α} = 104$ MeV, microscopic optical model analysis, deduced neutron density rms radii.

Microscopic ion-ion spin-orbit potential

P. J. Moffa

Phys. Rev. C 16, 1431 (1977) - Published 1 October, 1977

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A microscopic, ion-ion spin-orbit potential is derived in a double-folding model approach starting from a nucleon-nucleon interaction. Its geometry is determined by the structure of the target and projectile. An estimate of its strength is presented.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS Ion-ion spin-orbit potential, double-folding model, heavy ions.

Investigation of ${}^{6}{Li}$ -induced reactions from 54 to 99 MeV on Pd targets

C. M. Castaneda, H. A. Smith, Jr., T. E. Ward, and T. R. Nees

Phys. Rev. C 16, 1437 (1977) - Published 1 October, 1977

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Residual decay and in-beam $γ$ -ray data from the bombardment of ${}^{104, 106}{Pd}$ by ${}^{6}{Li}$ have been acquired at energies of 54, 66, 77, 84, 91, and 99 MeV. Isotopic yields have been determined. The data indicate that substantial pre-equilibrium nucleon emission is present in addition to the usual fusion-evaporation mechanism. The data also suggest the occurrencé of the binary breakup of the ${}^{6}{Li}$ accompanied by fragment-induced reactions.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{104, 105}{Pd} ({}^{6}{Li}, x n y p γ)$ , enriched targets, $E = 54 - 99$ MeV; measured in-beam, decay $γ$ rays. Deduced In, Cd, Ag isotopic yields. Geometry-dependent hybrid model; $α - d$ breakup of ${}^{6}{Li}$ .

Neutron spectroscopic factor of ${}^{9}{Be}$ from ( ${}^{9}{Be}$ , ${}^{8}{Be}$ ) reactions

J. Lang, R. Müller, J. Unternährer, L. Jarczyk, B. Kamys, and A. Strzalkowski

Phys. Rev. C 16, 1448 (1977) - Published 1 October, 1977

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Angular distributions of the ${}^{8}{Be}$ ions from ( ${}^{9}{Be}$ , ${}^{8}{Be}$ ) reactions on the target nuclei ${}^{28}{Si}$ and ${}^{40}{Ca}$ have been measured at an energy of 20 MeV (lab). The products of the spectroscopic factors of ${}^{9}{Be}$ and several states of the residual nuclei ${}^{29}{Si}$ and ${}^{41}{Ca}$ were extracterd from a distorted-wave-Born-approximation analysis. Using the spectroscopic factors of ${}^{29}{Si}$ and ${}^{41}{Ca}$ levels, known from ( $d, p$ ) reactions, a spectroscopic factor of 0.42 ± 0.04 for ${}^{9}{Be}$ was found.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{28}{Si}$ ( ${}^{9}{Be}$ , ${}^{8}{Be}$ ) and ${}^{40}{Ca}$ ( ${}^{9}{Be}$ , ${}^{8}{Be}$ ), $E_{lab} = 20$ MeV; measured $σ (θ)$ for stripping to levels of ${}^{29}{Si}$ and ${}^{41}{Ca}$ , finite-range DWBA analysis; deduced spectroscopic factor of ${}^{9}{Be}$ .

( ${}^{9}{Be}$ , ${}^{8}{Be}$ ) reaction at 50 MeV

D. P. Stahel, G. J. Wozniak, M. S. Zisman, B. D. Jeltema, and Joseph Cerny

Phys. Rev. C 16, 1456 (1977) - Published 1 October, 1977

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The ( ${}^{9}{Be}$ , ${}^{8}{Be}$ ) reaction has been investigated at a bombarding energy of 50 MeV on targets of ${}^{12}C$ , ${}^{16}O$ , ${}^{26}{Mg}$ , ${}^{28}{Si}$ , ${}^{40}{Ca}$ , and ${}^{208}{Pb}$ . Owing to the small neutron binding energy of ${}^{9}{Be}$ and the resulting positive $Q$ values, this reaction favors transitions involving small $l$ transfers and populates states up to several MeV in excitation with a fairly high yield. In addition, a broad continuum in the energy spectra was observed that can be attributed to the breakup of the weakly bound ${}^{9}{Be}$ projectile. For the ${}^{28}{Si}$ , ${}^{40}{Ca}$ , and ${}^{208}{Pb}$ targets, spectroscopic factors have been extracted from exact finite-range distorted-wave Born-approximation calculations using optical-model potentials derived from ${}^{9}{Be}$ elastic-scattering data. The relative spectroscopic factors are in good agreement with those obtained from light-ion reactions but the absolute values are low.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{12}C$ , ${}^{16}O$ , ${}^{26}{Mg}$ , ${}^{28}{Si}$ , ${}^{40}{Ca}$ , ${}^{208}{Pb}$ ( ${}^{9}{Be}$ , ${}^{8}{Be}$ ), ${}^{12}C$ , ${}^{28}{Si}$ , ${}^{40}{Ca}$ , ${}^{208}{Pb}$ ( ${}^{9}{Be}$ , ${}^{9}{Be}$ ), $E_{lab} = 50$ MeV; measured $σ (E, Θ)$ for ${}^{28}{Si}$ , ${}^{40}{Ca}$ , ${}^{208}{Pb}$ ; optical model and EFR-DWBA analyses, deduced spectroscopic factors, ${}^{9}{Be}$ breakup.

Multistep effects in the elastic and inelastic scattering of 70.4-MeV ${}^{12}C$ ions from the even neodymium isotopes

D. L. Hillis, E. E. Gross, D. C. Hensley, C. R. Bingham, F. T. Baker, and A. Scott

Phys. Rev. C 16, 1467 (1977) - Published 1 October, 1977

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The interference of Coulomb and nuclear excitation was studied by the scattering of 70.4-MeV ${}^{12}C$ ions from the stable even Nd nuclei ( ${}^{142}{Nd}$ , ${}^{144}{Nd}$ , ${}^{146}{Nd}$ , ${}^{148}{Nd}$ , ${}^{150}{Nd}$ ). The differential cross sections for inelastic scattering from the low-lying $2^{+}$ , $4^{+}$ , $3^{-}$ , and $2_{2}^{+}$ states, as well as elastic scattering from these isotopes, were obtained. In addition, the cross sections for exciting the $2^{+}$ (4.43 MeV) state of the ${}^{12}C$ projectile and the $6^{+}$ state in ${}^{150}{Nd}$ were also obtained. The differential cross sections for exciting low-lying collective states of the target and projectile are compared with distorted-wave Born-approximation and coupled-channels calculations. Standard distorted-wave Born-approximation calculations using known Coulomb matrix elements fail to fit the data. The coupled-channels analysis, however, can account for these data and reveals the importance of multistep processes in heavy ion reactions.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{142, 144, 146, 148, 150}{Nd}$ ( ${}^{12}C$ , ${}^{12}C$ ), ( ${}^{12}C$ , ${}^{12}{C'}$ ), $E = 70.4$ MeV; measured $σ (θ)$ . Deduced optical-model parameters in addition to $β_{2}$ and $β_{4}$ deformations by coupled-channel analyses. Enriched targets.

Distribution of mass, kinetic energy, and neutron yield in the spontaneous fission of ${}^{254}{Fm}$

J. E. Gindler, K. F. Flynn, L. E. Glendenin, and R. K. Sjoblom

Phys. Rev. C 16, 1483 (1977) - Published 1 October, 1977

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The mass distribution for spontaneous fission of ${}^{254}{Fm}$ was determined for both pre- and post-neutron-emission fragments. The post-neutron-emission (final) mass distribution was deduced from radiochemical measurements of 24 mass yields. Starting with an assumed distribution of neutron yield versus fragment mass, the pre-neutron-emission (initial) mass distribution and neutron-yield distribution were derived from the kinetic-energy measurements of the fragments and the final-mass distribution by an interative method. These distributions together with distributions of fragment kinetic energy, total kinetic energy of both fragments, and average kinetic energy and average total kinetic energy as functions of fragment mass are presented. The results are discussed in terms of a scission-point model of fission.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS, FISSION ${}^{254}{Fm}$ (sf); measured radiochemical mass yields, fragment $E$ ; deduced neutron yields, fragment mass and energy distributions.

Particle production in the nuclear fireball model

J. I. Kapusta

Phys. Rev. C 16, 1493 (1977) - Published 1 October, 1977

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Thermal equilibrium among hadrons in a nuclear fireball is assumed. Pion and nucleon total and differential cross sections are calculated. The pion differential cross section shows structure due to the decay of resonances. For neutron rich projectile-target combinations there is a net conversion of neutrons to protons.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS Relativistic heavy ions, hadronic thermal equilibrium, calculated differential cross reactions.

"Subthreshold" production of antiprotons and kaons in $p$ -nucleus collisions

S. Frankel and W. Frati

Phys. Rev. C 16, 1499 (1977) - Published 1 October, 1977

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We show that the high momentum scaling function for nucleons in nuclei, $G (k) = \exp (- \frac{k}{k_{0}})$ , determined from the study of the production of protons in $p$ -nucleus collisions in kinematic regions forbidden in free $p - p$ interactions, also accounts for the production of antiprotons in $p$ -nucleus collisions at energies below the free proton threshold. A simple scaling method as well as detailed Monte Carlo calculations are employed and estimates of $K$ production at "subthreshold" energies are given.

NUCLEAR STRUCTURE $k_{0}$ parameter in structure function $G (k) = \exp (- \frac{k}{k_{0}})$ evaluated from $p + A \to \bar{p} + X$ ; verification of QTBS from antiproton production; predictions of $K$ production "below threshold."

Low-energy theorem for Compton scattering and the Drell-Hearn-Gerasimov sum rule: Exchange currents

J. L. Friar

Phys. Rev. C 16, 1504 (1977) - Published 1 October, 1977

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The low-energy theorem for Compton scattering is derived using a nonspecific nuclear model which includes exchange currents and relativistic corrections. The Drell-Hearn-Gerasimov sum rule is also derived using this model and the subtraction problem is addressed.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS Compton scattering, exchange currents, relativistic corrections, sum rules.

High-energy photoproduction and electroproduction of $π^{+}$ on nuclei

V. S. Kuz'menko, A. V. Mitrofanova, V. I. Noga, Yu. N. Ranyuk, P. V. Sorokin, Yu. N. Telegin, I. Blomqvist, G. G. Jonsson, and N. Freed

Phys. Rev. C 16, 1513 (1977) - Published 1 October, 1977

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Cross sections for photoproduction and electroproduction of $π^{+}$ on ${}^{27}{Al}$ and ${}^{51}V$ leading to bound states in the daughter nuclei have been measured at Kharkov in the energy range 600-1200 MeV by use of the activation method. Careful comparison is made to other recent results obtained at intermediate and high energies. Agreement is found between the present data and results of earlier work carried out at Lund and DESY. Discrepancies between photoproduction data taken at different laboratories are attributed to differences between methods of background subtraction. Relative bremsstrahlung-induced to electron-induced yield ratios are compared with predictions based on the Dalitz-Yennie formalism for virtual-photon spectra.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{27}{Al} (γ, π^{+})$ , ${}^{27}{Al} (e, e^{'} π^{+})$ , ${}^{51}V (γ, π^{+})$ , ${}^{51}V (e, e^{'} π^{+})$ . Activation method. $E_{0} = 600 - 1200$ MeV; measured $σ_{q}$ and $σ_{e}$ , deduced $σ_{k}$ ; calculated $\frac{σ_{q}}{σ_{e}}$ . Ge(Li) detector.

Photoproduction of positive pions on deuterium near threshold

G. Audit, A. Bloch, N. de Botton, J. L. Faure, C. Schuhl, G. Tamas, C. Tzara, E. Vincent, J. Deutsch, D. Favart, R. Prieels, and B. Van Oystaeyen

Phys. Rev. C 16, 1517 (1977) - Published 1 October, 1977

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The $π^{+}$ photoproduction on deuterium near threshold was measured and compared to the same process in hydrogen. The cross section for deuterium was extracted with a ± 2.5% accuracy for energies ranging from 1 to 4 MeV above threshold. The comparison of our result with theoretical estimates shows that the process is correctly understood in the frame of the impulse approximation.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{2}H (γ, π^{+})$ , measured $σ$ , $E = 1 - 4$ MeV.

Nuclear gamma rays from ${}^{51}V$ levels populated by 200 MeV $π^{\pm}$ inelastic scattering

H. O. Funsten, W. J. Kossler, B. J. Lieb, H. S. Plendl, C. E. Stronach, and V. G. Lind

Phys. Rev. C 16, 1521 (1977) - Published 1 October, 1977

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Nuclear $γ$ rays from 200-MeV $π^{\pm}$ inelastic scattering on ${}^{51}V$ were measured. Observed were ${}^{51}V$ levels at 0.32, 0.93, 1.61, 1.81, and 2.70 MeV $γ$ ray cross sections were similar for both $π^{\pm}$ . If the interaction were direct with no distortion on a ${(1 f_{\frac{7}{2}})}^{3}$ proton configuration, the $π^{-}$ cross sections would be 1/9 the $π^{+}$ cross sections.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{51}V (π^{\pm}, π^{\pm'} γ)$ ; $E_{π}^{\pm} = 200$ MeV; detected $γ' s$ ; Ge(Li); measured 90° $σ$ for 320, 930, 1610, and 2700 keV ${}^{51}V$ levels.

Two-neutron emission induced by stopped $π^{-}$ on ${}^{9}{Be}$ , ${}^{10}B$ , and ${}^{12}C$

B. Bassalleck, W. -D. Klotz, F. Takeutchi, H. Ullrich, and M. Furić

Phys. Rev. C 16, 1526 (1977) - Published 1 October, 1977

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The ( $π^{-}, 2 n$ ) process has been studied in a kinematically complete experiment on three neighboring $1 p$ -shell nuclei. Distributions of excitation energy of the residual nuclei, of recoil momentum, of the angle between the emitted neutrons, and the angle between the sum and the difference of the neutron momenta have been measured. From the excitation spectra a striking analogy with ( $p, 2 p$ ) data has been found in the region of $p$ -shell nucleon removal. The possibility of $s$ -shell nucleon removal has been investigated. The data are compared with theoretical predictions.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS $π^{-}, 2 n$ on ${}^{9}{Be}$ , ${}^{10}B$ , and ${}^{12}C$ , $E = 0$ measured rate ( $E_{n 1}, E_{n 2}, ω$ ); excitation spectra for residual nuclei deduced, recoil momentum distributions extracted.

Nuclear polarization corrections in $μ - {}^{4}{He}$ atoms

J. L. Friar

Phys. Rev. C 16, 1540 (1977) - Published 1 October, 1977

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A variety of approximations are investigated which allow us to estimate rather simply the dominant dipole part of the Coulomb-excited nuclear polarization corrections to the $μ - {}^{4}{He}$ atom in $S$ states. In particular, the unretarded dipole approximation provides an effective upper limit to this correction and lowest-order Coulomb corrections have been calculated in this approximation. We find that -3.1 meV ± 20% is a reasonable estimate for the complete result.

NUCLEAR STRUCTURE Polarization corrections; muonic atoms; ${}^{4}{He}$ .

Model-independent interpretation of the dynamic hyperfine effect in muonic atoms with an application to ${}^{192}{Os}$

L. K. Wagner, E. B. Shera, G. A. Rinker, and R. K. Sheline

Phys. Rev. C 16, 1549 (1977) - Published 1 October, 1977

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The Ford-Wills-Barrett model-independent interpretation of muonic-atom transition energies is generalized to the dynamic hyperfine effect. Parameters necessary for the analysis of the most important case (quadrupole excitation by the $2 p$ states) are calculated for all nuclei. These results are applied to new data for ${}^{192}{Os}$ . The sign of the quadrupole moment of the first excited $2^{+}$ state is found to be negative; a previously reported measurement of its magnitude (-0.5 b) is inconsistent with the present experiment. Under the assumption that the transition charge is located near the nuclear surface, a new measurement of the quadrupole moment ( $Q_{2^{+}} = - 1.0$ b) is obtained. The equivalent quadrupole radius of the $0^{+}$ → $2^{+}$ transition is found to be 7.1 fm.

NUCLEAR STRUCTURE Model-independent method for interpretation of dynamic hyperfine effect in muonic atoms. Measured muonic x-ray spectra ${}^{192}{Os}$ ; deduced electric moments, charge parameters.

New neutron-rich isotope: ${}^{196}{Os}$

P. E. Haustein, E. -M. Franz, R. F. Petry, and John C. Hill

Phys. Rev. C 16, 1559 (1977) - Published 1 October, 1977

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A new neutron-rich isotope, ${}^{196}{Os}$ , was identified as the product of the ${}^{198}{Pt} (n, 2 pn)$ reaction. Chemically separated sources were used to characterize its $β$ and $γ$ radiations. The new isotope decays with a half-life of 34.9 ± 0.2 min. Ten $γ$ rays have been assigned to this decay, the strongest being at 407.9 keV. A $Q_{β^{-}}$ of 0.84 MeV was inferred from $β - γ$ coincidence measurements. $γ$ -ray energies and intensities as well as $Q_{β^{-}}$ for the decay of the 52-sec ${}^{196}{Ir}$ daughter of ${}^{196}{Os}$ have been remeasured and are in agreement with the results of an earlier investigation. A partial decay scheme for ${}^{196}{Os}$ is proposed.

RADIOACTIVITY ${}^{196}{Os}$ [from ${}^{198}{Pt} (n, 2 pn)$ , medium energy neutron beam]; measured $T_{\frac{1}{2}}$ ; $E_{γ}$ , $I_{γ}$ , $E_{β}$ , $β γ$ coin; deduced $log ft$ limits. ${}^{196}{Ir}$ measured $E_{γ}$ , $I_{γ}$ , $E_{β}$ ; deduced levels, $J$ , $π$ . Enriched targets, radiochemistry, Ge(Li), Si(Li), and plastic detectors.

Beta decay of ${}^{54 - 55}V$ and the mass of ${}^{55}V$

A. M. Nathan, D. E. Alburger, J. W. Olness, and E. K. Warburton

Phys. Rev. C 16, 1566 (1977) - Published 1 October, 1977

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${}^{54}V$ and the previously unreported ${}^{55}V$ have been produced in the ${}^{48}{Ca} ({}^{9}{Be}, 2 n p) {}^{54}V$ and ${}^{48}{Ca} ({}^{9}{Be}, n p) {}^{55}V$ reactions at 20-MeV beam energy, and the subsequent $β$ decays to ${}^{54}{Cr}$ and ${}^{55}{Cr}$ have been studied via delayed $γ$ -ray singles and $γ - γ$ and $β - γ$ coincidence techniques. We measure the half-lives of ${}^{54 - 55}V$ to be 49.82 ± 0.46 and 6.54 ± 0.15 sec, respectively. From analysis of the $β$ -ray energy spectrum, a mass excess of -49152 ± 100 keV is determined for ${}^{55}V$ . Comparison with theoretical mass predictions is made.

RADIOACTIVITY ${}^{54 - 55}V$ : measured delayed $E_{γ}$ , $I_{γ}$ , $γ - γ$ coincidences; deduced $T_{\frac{1}{2}}$ , decay scheme; measured $β - γ$ coincidences; deduced $E_{0}$ , mass excess, $log ft$ ; compared with theory. Enriched targets, Ge(Li) detectors.

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Recent Issues

Emission of ${}^{4}{He}$ reflects different facets of excited nuclei

Preequilibrium decay of nuclei with $A ≃ 90$ at excitation energies to 100 MeV

Neutron radii of ${}^{204, 206, 208}{Pb}$ determined from 104 MeV $α$ particle scattering

Microscopic ion-ion spin-orbit potential

Investigation of ${}^{6}{Li}$ -induced reactions from 54 to 99 MeV on Pd targets

Neutron spectroscopic factor of ${}^{9}{Be}$ from ( ${}^{9}{Be}$ , ${}^{8}{Be}$ ) reactions

( ${}^{9}{Be}$ , ${}^{8}{Be}$ ) reaction at 50 MeV

Multistep effects in the elastic and inelastic scattering of 70.4-MeV ${}^{12}C$ ions from the even neodymium isotopes

Distribution of mass, kinetic energy, and neutron yield in the spontaneous fission of ${}^{254}{Fm}$

Particle production in the nuclear fireball model

"Subthreshold" production of antiprotons and kaons in $p$ -nucleus collisions

Low-energy theorem for Compton scattering and the Drell-Hearn-Gerasimov sum rule: Exchange currents

High-energy photoproduction and electroproduction of $π^{+}$ on nuclei

Photoproduction of positive pions on deuterium near threshold

Nuclear gamma rays from ${}^{51}V$ levels populated by 200 MeV $π^{\pm}$ inelastic scattering

Two-neutron emission induced by stopped $π^{-}$ on ${}^{9}{Be}$ , ${}^{10}B$ , and ${}^{12}C$

Nuclear polarization corrections in $μ - {}^{4}{He}$ atoms

Model-independent interpretation of the dynamic hyperfine effect in muonic atoms with an application to ${}^{192}{Os}$

New neutron-rich isotope: ${}^{196}{Os}$

Beta decay of ${}^{54 - 55}V$ and the mass of ${}^{55}V$

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