The evaporation residues of the ${}_{}{}^{18}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$ + ${}_{}{}^{12}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$ and ${}_{}{}^{18}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$ + ${}_{}{}^{13}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$ reactions have been identified by nuclear charge Z and atomic mass $A$ with an ionization chamber used in conjunction with time-of-flight measurements. A dominant decay mode can be assigned for each residual nucleus from the shape of the angular distributions. The predictions of two different evaporation calculations are in satisfactory agreement with the experimental results except for an anomalously large ${}_{}{}^{23}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Na}$ experimental yield in both reactions which cannot be explained. The evaporation schemes of the two neighboring compound nuclei ${}_{}{}^{30}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Si}$ and ${}_{}{}^{31}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Si}$, formed at nearly equal excitation energy and spin, are compared.

NUCLEAR REACTION ${}_{}{}^{18}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$ + ${}_{}{}^{12,13}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$ fusion, $E=100\mathrm{}$ MeV, $\sigma \left(\theta \right)$. Detailed comparison of evaporation residues by element and isotope with statistical particle evaporation calculations.

Results are presented of statistical/rotating liquid drop model analyses of fusion reaction products produced by heavy-ion reactions on medium mass target nuclei. Statistical fission parameters $\frac{a_f}{a_{\nu }}$ and $B_f$ are deduced from analyses of fission and evaporation residue excitation functions. The validity of approximations often made in fusion reaction product analyses regarding the treatment of multiple-chance fission competition by evaporation residues in reactions at high bombarding energies are compared with experimental results. The experimental limits of evaporation residue survival are found to be adequately reproduced by the statistical/rotating liquid drop model using the statistical fission parameters deduced from the excitation function analyses. Using these parameters, calculations are performed of evaporation residue angular momentum distributions and their moments. The influence upon these distributions of fission competition, particle emission, and the moment of inertia (yrast slope) is illustrated, and calculated results are compared with those inferred from $\gamma$-ray multiplicity measurements. The statistical fission parameters required to reproduce the fission and evaporation residue excitation functions are given by: $\frac{a_f}{a_{\nu }}=1.00\mathrm{} \mathrm{to} 1.04$ and $B_f=0.51\mathrm{} \mathrm{to} 0.65$. The expected existence of thermal and deformation effects, as well as other reaction processes which could affect the parameters, is discussed. Since these aspects have not been incorporated into the formulation of the present model, it is emphasized that the deduced $\frac{a_f}{a_{\nu }}$ and $B_f$ values should be regarded as effective statistical fission parameters.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS Fission, evaporation residues; deduced statistical fission parameters $\frac{a_f}{a_{\nu }}$ and $B_f$, from fission and evaporation residue excitation function analyses; calculated limits to evaporation residue survival at high bombarding energies; calculated evaporation residue angular momentum distributions and their moments; discussed thermal and deformation effects.

Cross sections for the production of 35 radioactive nuclides extending from ${}_{}{}^7{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Be}$ to ${}_{}{}^{67}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ga}$ by the interaction of 80-GeV ${}_{}{}^{40}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ar}$ ions with Cu have been measured. These are compared with existing results for other relativistic heavy ions and for 28-GeV protons incident on Cu targets of various thicknesses. Differences in shapes of the yield distributions for products with $37\le A\le 64$ are inferred to arise primarily from increased secondary effects in the semithick targets used for the heavy-ion studies. The larger absolute cross sections (corrected to zero target thickness) for ${}_{}{}^{40}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ar}$ ions appear to be due solely to the increased total reaction cross section, ${\sigma }_R$, over that for protons. The production of target fragments with $22\le A\le 64$ is estimated to account for ≅ 70% of ${\sigma }_R$. Calculations using realistic nuclear density distributions suggest that such products are formed in peripheral collisions (impact parameters ≳ 5 fm) in which there is no strong overlap of the cores of the ${}_{}{}^{40}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ar}$ and Cu nuclei. Lighter products are presumed to result from more central collisions, and these are enhanced by factors larger than expected from ${\sigma }_R$ (a factor of 2 greater in the case of ${}_{}{}^7{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Be}$). The application of the concepts of limiting fragmentation and factorization as a framework for the interpretation of highenergy heavy-ion induced reactions with complex nuclei is discussed.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS Cu(${}_{}{}^{40}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ar}$, spallation), $E=80\mathrm{}$ GeV; measured $\sigma \mathrm{}(A,Z)\mathrm{}$, 35 products ${}_{}{}^7{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Be}$-${}_{}{}^{67}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ga}$; deduced mass yield and charge dispersion curves, target fragmentation cross sections. Natural targets, Ge(Li) counting, radiochemistry.

A general double folding prescription is used in conjunction with a realistic $G$ matrix interaction to estimate the strength of the elastic spin-orbit potential for several heavy-ion systems. The potentials obtained give a reasonable description of recent elastic asymmetry data obtained with polarized ${}_{}{}^6{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Li}$ ions, but they are much smaller than those assumed in recent analyses of some heavy-ion transfer reactions. The calculated spin-orbit potentials have essentially no effect on elastic angular distributions.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS Heavy-ion spin-orbit potential, double-folding model.

The fused system formed in a heavy-ion collision breaks up immediately if the longitudinal energy per particle is greater than 2 MeV/A (c.m.). This result is derived using the classical theory of compression and rarefaction waves. The dependence of the result on the equation of state of nuclear matter is slight. There is some dependence on the range of the interaction.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS Heavy ion reactions, nuclear matter, fragmentation.

We have performed an experimental study of the angular and momentum distributions of fragments emitted from central collisions between emulsion nuclei (AgBr) and heavy-ion projectiles ${}_{}{}^4{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}$, ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$, and ${}_{}{}^{40}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ar}$ at beam rigidity 5.72 GV. Central collisions are here defined as interactions that exhibit an absence of projectile fragmentation, i.e., no beam-velocity fragments are produced within 5° of the incident beam direction. Production angles have been measured for all fragments having a restricted gain density $g\ge 2g_{min}$, corresponding to protons of $E\le 250$ MeV. Both range and angle measurements have been made for fragment ranges ≤4 mm, corresponding to protons of $E\le 31$ MeV. The data are analyzed in terms of a modified Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution from which we obtain estimates of the longitudinal velocity ${\beta }_{\parallel }$ and the characteristic spectral volocity ${\beta }_0$ of the particle-emitting systems. We find that no unique Maxwellian distribution can account for the observed fragment distributions. The angular distributions do not display statistically significant structure attributable to collective phenomena.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS $\mathrm{AgBr}({}_{}{}^4{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He},x)$, $E=2.1\mathrm{}$ GeV/A; $\mathrm{AgBr}({}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O},x)$, $E=2.1\mathrm{}$ GeV/A; and $\mathrm{AgBr}({}_{}{}^{40}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ar},x)$, $E=1.8\mathrm{}$ GeV/A; measured fragment multiplicities; range and angular distributions for ranges ≤4 mm ($E_{\mathrm{proton}}\le 31$ MeV); angular distribution for $E_{\mathrm{proton}}\le 250$ MeV. Nonperipheral collisions, Maxwell-Boltzmann parametrization.

We have measured differential cross sections for elastic and inelastic scattering of ${}_{}{}^{20}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ne}$ + ${}_{}{}^{208}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pb}$ at a lab energy of 131 MeV. Inelastic data for exciting the ${}_{}{}^{20}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ne}$ $2^{+}$ (1.63 MeV) state and a group of states near 4.2 MeV are presented. The data are analyzed by a rotational-model coupled-channels calculation including the ground state, $2^{+}$,and $4^{+}$ states of ${}_{}{}^{20}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ne}$. We obtain the values: transition moment $B\left(E2\mathrm{}\uparrow \right)=(0.0330\mathrm{}\pm 0.0015)$ ${\mathit{e}}^2$ ${\mathrm{b}}^2$, intrinsic hexadecapole moment $Q_{40}=(0.022\mathrm{}\pm 0.003)$ ${\mathit{e}}^2$ ${\mathrm{b}}^2$, and static quadrupole moment for the ${}_{}{}^{20}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ne}$ $2^{+}$ state $Q_2=(-0.27\mathrm{}\pm 0.03)$ e b. The result for $Q_2$ emphasizes a discrepancy with the rotational model and with various shell model calculations.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}_{}{}^{208}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pb}$ (${}_{}{}^{20}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ne}$, ${}_{}{}^{20}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ne}$), ${}_{}{}^{208}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pb}$ (${}_{}{}^{20}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ne}$, ${}_{}{}^{20}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ne}\prime$), $E=131\mathrm{}$ MeV, measured $\sigma \left(\theta \right)$; deduced optical potential, quadrupole deformation parameter, hexadecapole deformation parameter, and static quadrupole moment of ${}_{}{}^{20}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ne}$ by a coupled-channels analysis. Enriched target.

Angular and energy distributions were measured for the reaction products from the ${}_{}{}^{86}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Kr}$ + ${}_{}{}^{139}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{La}$ reaction at 505, 610, and 710 MeV bombarding energies. The elastic scattering data were analyzed to extract information about the conservative potential. The strength of the potential for separations close to the strong absorption radius is in agreement with a number of theoretical potentials including the proximity potential. Contour plots of the cross section for nonelastic reaction products as a function of angle and exit channel total kinetic energy for the 505 and 610 MeV bombardments exhibit two branches, similar to the behavior previously observed at 710 MeV. These results reveal no sharp energy dependence of the character of the deflection function, implying that the $Z_1{Z}_2$ product of the target and projectile system is more important than the bombarding energy in determining the orbits of the reacting nuclei. Upper limits to the fusion cross sections at all energies are less than 25% of the total reaction cross section. Calculations of the energy loss expected on the basis of a one-body proximity friction arising from particle exchange give an energy loss which is less than one-half of the observed energy loss.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}_{}{}^{139}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{La}({}_{}{}^{86}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Kr},X)$, $E=505, 610, \mathrm{and} 710$ MeV; measured $\sigma \left(\theta \right)$ for elastic, quasielastic, and deeply inelastic scattering. Also measured $\sigma (E,\theta )$ for nonelastic products. Optical model analysis of elastic scattering. Comparison of energy losses in quasielastic reactions with predictions on one-body proximity friction.

A coordinate-space method is developed to solve the three-dimensional time-dependent Hartree-Fock equations. It is applied to the study of ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$ + ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$ collisions at $E_{\mathrm{lab}}=105\mathrm{}$ MeV for incident angular momenta from O to $40\hslash$. We find fusion for $L=13\mathrm{}\hslash \mathrm{through} 27\hslash$ and highly inelastic scattering for $L\le 12\hslash$.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}({}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O},x)$ in three-dimensional time-dependent Hartree-Fock approximation. Fusion and strongly damped collisions.

Three-dimensional time-dependent Hartree-Fock calculations for the ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$ + ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$ and ${}_{}{}^{40}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ca}$ + ${}_{}{}^{40}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ca}$ fusion excitation functions are presented. Results for the former system are in good agreement with experiment for $E_{\mathrm{lab}}\le 120$ MeV and indicate a dynamical lower angular momentum limit to fusion for $E_{\mathrm{lab}}\ge 54$ MeV. Results for ${}_{}{}^{40}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ca}$ + ${}_{}{}^{40}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ca}$ are compared with previous two-dimensional calculations. The low-energy fusion cross sections obtained for this system demonstrate the sensitivity of time-dependent Hartree-Fock calculations to the effective interaction used.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}({}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O},x)$ and ${}_{}{}^{40}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ca}({}_{}{}^{40}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ca},x)$ calculated ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{fus}}\mathrm{}\left(E\right)\mathrm{}$ in time-dependent Hartree-Fock approximation.

Cross sections are reported for the reactions ${}_{}{}^{233,234,235}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{U}({}_{}{}^4{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He},xn)$, for $x=1\mathrm{}-4$. Comparisons are shown to calculations based on equilibrium and preequilibrium models. Fits of preequilibrium-model calculations to the tails of the excitation functions require significantly different parameters from those in the literature for other systems. There is a suggestion for emission of a second preequilibrium neutron. The equilibrium-model calculations show systematic deviations from the data that can be related to the empirically determined energy dependence of $\frac{{\Gamma }_n}{({\Gamma }_n+{\Gamma }_f)}$. The fission barrier parameters for isotopes of Pu are refined. Their relationship to the excitation functions for ground state and shape isomeric nuclei is discussed.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS, FISSION $\sigma \mathrm{}\left(E\right)\mathrm{}$ for ${}_{}{}^{233,234,235}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{U}({}_{}{}^4{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He},xn)$ reactions ($x=1\mathrm{}-4$) as competitors with fission; calculations with preequilibrium and equilibrium models for $E^{*}<~40$ MeV with double-humped fission barrier.

The statistical-model description of fission isomer production is reexamined. Level densities are used which include the conditions of symmetry and collective enhancements. Barrier parameters are constrained to be consistent with cross sections from (${}_{}{}^4{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He},xn$) and direct reactions. Calculated isomer cross sections are very sensitive to the model parameters in specific ways that vary with incident energy and with the relative barrier heights and thicknesses. Consideration of the ratio of isomer-to-ground-state cross sections focuses the sensitivity on the properties of the final product nucleus. For the three cases with best known isomer ratios we reexamine the isomer threshold and the fission barriers.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS, FISSION Statistical model analysis for the reactions $({}_{}{}^4{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He},2n){}_{}{}^{237}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pu}_{}^m{}_{}{}^{}$, ${}_{}{}^{235}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pu}_{}^m{}_{}{}^{}$, ${}_{}{}^{239}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Am}_{}^m{}_{}{}^{}$. Fission isomer thresholds and fission barrier parameters evaluated for these products.

There are three basic questions concerning the statistical theory of nuclear fission. (1) Is it justified to treat the fission process from the saddle point to scission point on a quasistatic basis? (2) Is asymmetric fission in the region of mass number 140 indeed energetically favored in the sense that it corresponds to maximum excitation energy release at the scission point? (3) Would this energetic effect not be compromised by a shell effect on the level density function? All three questions can now be answered satisfactorily in favor of the statistical theory.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS, FISSION Statistical theory.

A comparative study of the fragmentation of ${}_{}{}^4{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}$, ${}_{}{}^{12}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$, ${}_{}{}^{14}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{N}$, and ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$ nuclei, $E=2.1\mathrm{}$ GeV/nucleon, has been made by using nuclear emulsion detectors. The interaction mean-free paths (cm) for these nuclei in emulsion are 21.8 ± 0.7, 13.8 ± 0.5, 13.1 ± 0.5, and 13.0 ± 0.5, respectively. These data are discussed in terms of optical models and geometrical theories. Fragmentation reactions initiated by ${}_{}{}^{12}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$, ${}_{}{}^{14}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{N}$, and ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$ projectiles that exhibit no target excitation, i.e., that possess no low energy particle emission. are selected for special study of projectile fragmentation. The projected angular distributions of $Z=1\mathrm{} \mathrm{and} 2$ secondaries from these interactions are reported, as are the prong-number and charge-multiplicity distributions. The angular distributions are independent of the projectile and exhibit features of limiting fragmentation.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS Emulsion exp., ${}_{}{}^4{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}$, ${}_{}{}^{12}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$, ${}_{}{}^{14}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{N}$, and ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$ at 2.1 GeV/A; measured mean-free-path lengths; projectile fragmentation reactions; angular, number, and charge multiplicity distributions. Optical and geometrical models; limiting fragmentation.

A measurement of $\frac{d\sigma }{\mathrm{dt}}$ between $t=0.18\mathrm{} \mathrm{and} 2.2$ ${(\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}/\mathit{c})}^2$ has been made at a bombarding energy of 4.89 GeV. The shallow minimum observed between 0.4 and 2.68 GeV persists. The magnitude of $\frac{d\sigma }{\mathrm{dt}}$ is intermediate between those measured at 2.68 GeV and at 23.1 GeV; $\frac{d\sigma }{\mathrm{dt}}$ exhibits a change in slope near $-t=1.0\mathrm{}$ ${(\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}/\mathit{c})}^2$, corresponding to the interference of double and triple scattering amplitudes.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS Measured $\frac{d\sigma }{\mathrm{dt}}$ for $t=0.18\mathrm{} \mathrm{to} 2.2$ ${(\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}/\mathit{c})}^2$. Calculated $\frac{d\sigma }{\mathrm{dt}}$.

Nonlocal contributions of order ${\left(\frac{1}{m}\right)}^2$ to the $\rho -\omega$ mixing charge-symmetry-breaking nucleon-nucleon force are derived, including several aspects not previously considered. Numerical results for scattering lengths and effective ranges are generated which indicate a slightly larger effect than that found recently by others. The relativistic aspects of this force and its relationship to the electromagnetic Breit interaction are developed. The total correction due to all the $\left(\frac{1}{m^2}\right)$ terms is approximately 10%. We estimate that $\Delta E({}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}-{}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{H})=+{40}_{-15\mathrm{}}^{+45\mathrm{}}$ keV is due to the $\rho -\omega$ force.

NUCLEAR STRUCTURE Charge-symmetry-breaking, meson mixing, ${}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}$-${}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{H}$ mass difference.

We present nonrelativistic one-boson-exchange potentials for the $N-N$ interaction by fitting to the most recent $N-N$ phase shifts and deuteron properties. One model makes use of $\pi \pi$ scattering data to characterize the exchange of the $\rho$ meson and the scalar-isoscalar $2\pi$ exchange. A second model with the $\rho$ and the scalar-isoscalar component represented by poles is also presented. Reasonable coupling constants and form factor parameters are found and the fit is improved with respect to fits to earlier phase shifts. This tends to confirm the physical meaningfulness of the $N-N$ one-boson-exchange potential model. In addition to this we introduce a model with higher-order velocity-dependent terms which lead to markedly improved fits up to 325 MeV.

NUCLEAR STRUCTURE Nonrelativistic one-boson-exchange model fit to nucleon-nucleon phase shifts and low-energy parameters.

The zero-degree differential cross section for pion double-charge exchange on ${}_{}{}^{18}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}({\pi }^{+},{\pi }^{+-}){}_{}{}^{18}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ne}$ was measured at three incident pion energies and found to be 2.00±0.34, 2.19±0.44, and 1.67±0.38 μb/sr at 139, 126, and 95 MeV, respectively. A similar measurement for ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$ at an energy of 145 MeV resulted in a value of 0.87 ± 0.21 μb/sr. The ratio of the ground-state transitions near 140 MeV is $\frac{\sigma \left({}_{}{}^{18}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}\right)}{\sigma \left({}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}\right)}=2.3\mathrm{}\pm 0.7$. The mass excess determined for ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ne}$ is 24.4 ± 0.5 MeV. The experimental setup and data analysis are discussed in detail. Results are compared with various calculations and discussed from the standpoint of their implications for learning about reaction dynamics and nuclear structure. The reaction appears to be quite sensitive to ground-state correlations of the target.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}_{}{}^{18}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}({\pi }^{+},{\pi }^{-})$, $E=95\mathrm{}-139$ MeV; measured $\sigma (E,\theta =0\mathrm{}°)$. ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}({\pi }^{+},{\pi }^{-})$, $E=145\mathrm{}$ MeV; measured $\sigma (\theta =0\mathrm{}°)$, deduced $\Delta M\left({}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ne}\right)$.

We study the corrections to the first-order optical potential in $\pi$-nucleus elastic scattering from 28 to 260 MeV. The dynamical effects of true pion absorption (and correlations) are incorporated into our analysis through the inclusion of a second-order optical potential. We have performed a ${\chi }^2$ fit to the measured $\pi -{}_{}{}^4{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}$ and $\pi -{}_{}{}^{12}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$ elastic differential cross sections in order to determine a parametrization of the second-order optical potential. It is shown that the inclusion of these higher-order effects not only yields excellent fits to the low-energy data (50 MeV), but also systematically improves calculated cross sections at the larger angles in the resonance region. We also find a general improvement in the agreement between the calculated and measured total cross sections, in particular at low energies. Since our first-order potential is essentially parameter free, we believe that the parameters of the second-order potential determined from the present work are meaningful and may serve as a useful guide in future microscopic analyses.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS Pion-helium and pion-carbon scattering (28-260 MeV). Role of second-order optical potential.

Formulas for angular correlations and capture rates in muon-capture transitions between initial and final nuclear states characterized by spin and isospin${[1/2^{\pm },1/2]}_{\mathrm{ini}}$ and ${[1/2^{\pm },1/2]}_{\mathrm{fin}}$, and ${[1^{+},0]}_{\mathrm{ini}}$ and ${[0^{+},1]}_{\mathrm{fin}}$, are derived and applied to ${\mu }^{-}p\to {\nu }_{\mu }n$, ${\mu }^{-}{}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}\to {\nu }_{\mu }{}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{H}$, and ${\mu }^{-}{}_{}{}^6{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Li}\to {\nu }_{\mu }{}_{}{}^6{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}$ in a model-independent (elementary-particle) approach. The results indicate that the angular correlations between the momenta of the recoiling final nuclei and the polarizations of the ${\mu }^{-}$ and/or the initial nuclei are sensitive to the value of the nuclear pseudoscalar form factors $F_P\left(q^2\right)$. The analysis also indicates that inconsistencies among the available data on ${\mu }^{-}{}_{}{}^6{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Li}\to {\nu }_{\mu }{}_{}{}^6{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}$ are most likely of experimental origin.

RADIOACTIVITY ${\mu }^{-}p\to {\nu }_{\mu }n$, ${\mu }^{-}{}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}\to {\nu }_{\mu }{}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{H}$, ${\mu }^{-}{}_{}{}^6{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Li}\to {\nu }_{\mu }{}_{}{}^6{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}$; angular correlations and capture rates. Hyperfine effects are properly included.