Recent Articles

Evidence for destructive interference between Rayleigh and Delbruck scattering for 6.8-11.4-MeV photons

S. Kahane, R. Moreh, and O. Shahal

Phys. Rev. C 18, 1217 (1978) - Published 1 September, 1978

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Monoenergetic photons at eight energies in the range 6.84-11.39 MeV were elastically scattered from targets of ${}^{181}{Ta}$ , Pb, and ${}^{238}U$ at $θ = 1.21 ° - 1.50 °$ . The differential scattering cross section at such angles was measured relative to the Compton cross section. The photon beam was obtained from the $Ni (n, γ)$ reaction using thermal neutrons. Strong evidence for the contribution of both Rayleigh and the real Delbruck amplitudes and for their destructive interference was obtained.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{181}{Ta}$ , Pb, ${}^{238}U (γ, γ)$ , $E = 6.84 - 11.39$ MeV; measured $σ (E, θ)$ , $θ = 1.21 ° - 1.50 °$ ; deduced Rayleigh and Delbruck amplitude contribution.

${}^{210}{Bi}^{m} (d, p) {}^{211}{Bi}$ reaction at 20 MeV

Ole Hansen, J. P. Coffin, E. R. Flynn, Nelson Stein, and R. K. Sheline

Phys. Rev. C 18, 1223 (1978) - Published 1 September, 1978

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The ${}^{210}{Bi}^{m} (d, p) {}^{211}{Bi}$ reaction has been studied at a bombarding energy of 20 MeV. Ten proton groups were observed in the reaction, and several new levels identified. Spectroscopic strengths are deduced, and by comparison to existing data on ${}^{211}{Bi}$ , several spin assignments are suggested.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{210}{Bi}^{m} (d, p)$ , $E = 20$ MeV; enriched metastable target; measured $σ$ . ${}^{211}{Bi}$ levels deduced $S$ .

Inelastic scattering of 40 MeV protons from ${}^{24}{Mg}$ . II. Microscopic calculations for positive parity states

B. Zwieglinski, G. M. Crawley, W. Chung, H. Nann, and J. A. Nolen, Jr.

Phys. Rev. C 18, 1228 (1978) - Published 1 September, 1978

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Proton inelastic scattering data at 40 MeV bombarding energy are compared to microscopic distorted-wave Born-approximation calculations for positive parity states in ${}^{24}{Mg}$ utilizing shell-model wave functions spanning the full $2 s 1 d$ shell basis. Both empirical forces and forces derived from free nucleon-nucleon potentials are used in the calculations. Except for four transitions for which strong coupling effects are evident, the agreement between theory and experiment is quite good. Enhancement factors extracted for the natural parity transitions are consistent with the effective charges obtained from electromagnetic transition rates. Levels corresponding to the giant $M 1$ resonance in ${}^{24}{Mg}$ have been resolved in the present experiment. The fact that the renormalization factor between theory and experiment is close to unity for the 10.713 MeV 1+; $T = 1$ state indicates that little or no renormalization of the two-body force is necessary for this inelastic transition. It is argued that little renormalization is also involved for magnetic-type inelastic transitions of multi polarities higher than $M 1$ .

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{24}{Mg} (p, p^{'})$ at 40 MeV to positive parity states. Microscopic DWBA analysis with the full $2 s 1 d$ basis wave functions. Deduced collective enhancement factors.

Elastic and inelastic scattering of alpha particles from ${}^{40, 44}{Ca}$ over a broad range of energies and angles

Th. Delbar, Gh. Grégoire, G. Paic, R. Ceuleneer, F. Michel, R. Vanderpoorten, A. Budzanowski, H. Dabrowski, L. Freindl, K. Grotowski, S. Micek, R. Planeta, A. Strzalkowski, and K. A. Eberhard

Phys. Rev. C 18, 1237 (1978) - Published 1 September, 1978

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Angular distributions for $α$ particle elastic scattering by ${}^{40, 44}{Ca}$ and excitation of the 3.73 MeV $3^{-}$ collective state of ${}^{40}{Ca}$ were measured for incident energies ranging from 40 to 62 MeV. An extensive optical model analysis of these elastic scattering cross sections and other available data, using squared Woods-Saxon form factors, results in potentials with fixed geometry for both real and imaginary parts and depths with smooth energy behavior over a broad incident energy range. These results are discussed in the frame of the semi-classical approximation developed by Brink and Takigawa. The sensitiveness of the calculated elastic scattering cross sections to the real part of the potentials as a function of the projectile-target distance has been investigated by means of a notch test. Distorted-wave Born-approximation calculations for the excitation of the 3.73 MeV $3^{-}$ state of ${}^{40}{Ca}$ are presented.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{40}{Ca} (α, α) (α, α^{'})$ , $E_{α} = 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 54, 58, 62$ MeV; ${}^{44}{Ca} (α, α)$ $E_{α} = 40, 42, 46, 48, 50, 54, 58$ MeV; measured $σ (θ)$ , $110 ° <~ θ <~ 176 °$ ; deduced optical model parameters and $β_{3}$ for the 3.73 MeV $3^{-}$ state of ${}^{40}{Ca}$ ; enriched targets ${}^{40}{Ca}$ , ${}^{44}{Ca}$ .

Mass measurement of proton-rich, medium-weight nuclei by the ( ${}^{3}{He}$ , ${}^{6}{He}$ ) reaction

R. C. Pardo, E. Kashy, W. Benenson, and L. W. Robinson

Phys. Rev. C 18, 1249 (1978) - Published 1 September, 1978

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The ( ${}^{3}{He}$ , ${}^{6}{He}$ ) reaction at 70 MeV on ${}^{70}{Ge}$ , ${}^{90}{Zr}$ , ${}^{106}{Cd}$ , ${}^{112}{Sn}$ , and ${}^{144}{Sm}$ has been used to study the protonrich nuclei ${}^{67}{Ge}$ , ${}^{87}{Zr}$ , ${}^{103}{Cd}$ , ${}^{109}{Sn}$ , and ${}^{141}{Sm}$ . The observed ground state mass excesses have been determined to be -62.65±0.03, -79.344±0.009, -80.620±0.018, -82.634±0.011, -75.933±0.016 MeV, respectively. Excited states observed in these reactions are also reported. The cross sections for the ( ${}^{3}{He}$ , ${}^{6}{He}$ ) reaction decrease with increasing $A$ but not as dramatically as has been observed with the ( ${}^{3}{He}$ , ${}^{7}{Be}$ ) reaction.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{70}{Ge}$ , ${}^{90}{Zr}$ , ${}^{106}{Cd}$ , ${}^{112}{Sn}$ , ${}^{144}{Sm}$ ( ${}^{3}{He}$ , ${}^{6}{He}$ ) ${}^{67}{Ge}$ , ${}^{87}{Zr}$ , ${}^{103}{Cd}$ , ${}^{109}{Sn}$ , ${}^{141}{Sm}$ ; $E = 70$ MeV; measured reaction $Q$ values, deduced mass excesses, excitation energies.

Neutron total cross section measurement on ${}^{140}{Ce}$

H. S. Camarda

Phys. Rev. C 18, 1254 (1978) - Published 1 September, 1978

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A high resolution neutron time-of-flight experiment for neutron energies $20 \leq E \leq 240$ keV was carried out on the target nucleus ${}^{140}{Ce}$ (0+). The measurement employed a 7.5 nsec beam burst and 250 m flight path. A multilevel shape analysis of the resonance data was performed. The plot of $Σ Γ_{n}^{0}$ vs $E$ for the $l = 0$ $J^{π} = \frac{1}{2^{+}}$ levels exhibited a significant change in slope at ∼ 160 keV and gives support to the doorway state picture of compound nucleus formation. The observed number of $l = 0$ levels vs $E$ showed an abrupt increase at 160 keV, the energy at which $S_{0}$ also changed. Various statistical tests were applied to see if this was an effect of missing weak levels but a definite conclusion could not be reached. The behavior of the $p$ wave strength function vs energy was found to be suggestive of doorway state structure. After correcting for missing levels the ratio of $s$ to $p$ wave level spacings was found to be 3.0; the theoretical prediction of 2.9 (for $σ = 4.9$ ) is in good agreement with experiment. The average $s$ , $p$ strength functions and levels spacings are $S_{0} = 1.1 \times 10^{- 4}$ , $S_{1} = 0.34 \pm 0.05 \times 10^{- 4}$ , ${〈 D 〉}_{l = 0} = 4.9$ keV, ${〈 D 〉}_{l = 1} = 1.64$ keV.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS Neutron total cross section measurement of ${}^{140}{Ce}$ , $20 < E < 240$ keV. Determined $E$ , $J^{π}$ , $Γ_{n}$ of resonances. Deduced $s$ and $p$ wave strength functions and level spacings.

Location of high spin 4p-3h strength in ${}^{17}O$

M. E. Clark, K. W. Kemper, and J. D. Fox

Phys. Rev. C 18, 1262 (1978) - Published 1 September, 1978

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Selective population with both ${}^{3}C ({}^{6}{Li}, d)$ and ${}^{13}C ({}^{7}{Li}, t)$ is observed for a peak at 13.58±0.02 MeV in ${}^{17}O$ . The peak corresponds to a broad state or states whose combined ( ${}^{6}{Li}$ , $d$ ) angular distribution is similar to the ${}^{12}C ({}^{6}{Li}, d) {}^{16}O$ (6+, 16.29 MeV) distribution. Based on the relative populations of states with the ${}^{12}C ({}^{7}{Li}, t)$ and ${}^{13}C ({}^{7}{Li}, t)$ reactions, the shapes of the ${}^{12}C ({}^{6}{Li}, d)$ and ${}^{13}C ({}^{6}{Li}, d)$ angular distributions and the fact that a peak is not observed in ${}^{15}N (α, d)$ at this energy, the peak is suggested to contain a state or states of spins $\frac{11}{2^{-}}$ , $\frac{13}{2^{-}}$ , or both, with a weak coupling configuration of ${}^{16}O (6^{+}, 16.29) \otimes p_{\frac{1}{2}}$ . Strongly excited peaks are also observed at 14.86, 18.17, and 19.24 MeV in ${}^{17}O$ .

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{13}C ({}^{6}{Li}, d)$ , ( ${}^{7}{Li}$ , $t$ ), $E = 34, 36$ MeV, measured $σ (E, θ)$ and compared results with ${}^{12}C ({}^{6}{Li}, d)$ , ( ${}^{7}{Li}$ , $t$ ). Suggested spin of $\frac{11^{-}}{2}$ or $\frac{13^{-}}{2}$ or both for the peak at 13.58±0.02 MeV in ${}^{17}O$ .

Target residue mass and charge distributions in relativistic heavy ion reactions

D. J. Morrissey, W. R. Marsh, R. J. Otto, W. Loveland, and G. T. Seaborg

Phys. Rev. C 18, 1267 (1978) - Published 1 September, 1978

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Calculations of the mass and charge distributions for the heavy target residues from relativistic heavy ion reactions are carried out for the reaction of ${}^{12}C$ with ${}^{238}U$ , ${}^{208}{Pb}$ , ${}^{197}{Au}$ , Ag, and Cu and compared with experimental data. The primary product distributions are calculated using the abrasion-ablation model. Nuclear charge distributions are calculated using either a stochastic model or a model based upon the zero-point oscillations of the giant dipole resonance. Standard statistical deexcitation calculations are used to calculate secondary product distributions. The results show that some of the principal features of the residue mass and charge distributions can be accounted for with the simple assumptions of the abrasion-ablation model and the assumption that product charge distributions are due to the sudden nature of the interaction and the zero-point oscillations of the giant dipole resonance.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS Calculated $σ (Z, A)$ for 25.2 GeV ${}^{12}C$ + ${}^{238}U$ , ${}^{208}{Pb}$ , ${}^{197}{Au}$ , Ag, and Cu; comparison with data, abrasion-ablation, giant dipole resonance, relativistic heavy ion reactions, target residue mass distribution, charge distribution.

Inner part of the ${}^{6}{Li}$ + ${}^{12}C$ optical potential

E. Norbeck, M. D. Strathman, and D. A. Fox

Phys. Rev. C 18, 1275 (1978) - Published 1 September, 1978

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The ${}^{6}{Li}$ + ${}^{12}C$ elastic-scattering cross section is sensitive to the interior part of the nuclear potential. This is in marked contrast to scattering with heavier ions where the scattering is determined entirely by the surface region.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS Optical model calculations for elastic scattering of ${}^{6}{Li}$ + ${}^{12}C$ at $E_{lab} = 5.8 and 59.8$ MeV.

Energy levels of ${}^{27}{Na}$ and masses of ${}^{29, 30}{Mg}$ observed in ${}^{18}O$ -induced transfer reactions on ${}^{26}{Mg}$

I. Paschopoulos, Eckhardt Müller, H. J. Körner, I. C. Oelrich, K. E. Rehm, and H. J. Scheerer

Phys. Rev. C 18, 1277 (1978) - Published 1 September, 1978

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Multinucleon transfer reactions were observed in the bombardment of ${}^{26}{Mg}$ targets with 85 and 87 MeV ${}^{18}O$ ion beams. Low yields of neutron deficient particles such as ${}^{11}C$ , ${}^{13}N$ , ${}^{14, 15}O$ , and ${}^{17}F$ were distinguished from stronger reaction groups using a $Δ E - E$ position sensitive ionization chamber in the focal plane of a quadrupole-dipole-dipole-dipole magnetic spectrograph. The investigation of the nuclear rearrangement reaction ( ${}^{18}O$ , ${}^{17}F$ ) determined a value of -5.653±0.055 MeV for the mass excess of ${}^{27}{Na}$ and indicated excited states at 0.80±0.10, 1.86±0.05,and 2.25±0.05 MeV. In the ${}^{26}{Mg}$ ( ${}^{18}O$ , ${}^{15}O$ ) reaction the transition to ${}^{29}{Mg}_{g . s .}$ was observed with a cross section of 700 nb/sr. The mass excess of ${}^{29}{Mg}$ was found to be -10.650±0.055 MeV. The $4 n$ -stripping reaction ( ${}^{18}O$ , ${}^{14}O$ ) on ${}^{26}{Mg}$ was observed with a cross section of 12 nb/sr and was tentatively assigned to the transition to ${}^{30}{Mg}_{g . s .}$ . This yields a mass excess of -8.760±0.055 MeV for this new isotope.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{26}{Mg}$ ( ${}^{18}O$ , ${}^{17}F$ ), $E = 87$ MeV, measured $Q$ value, ${}^{27}{Na}$ levels; ${}^{26}{Mg}$ ( ${}^{18}O$ , ${}^{15}O$ ), $E = 85$ MeV, measured mass excess of ${}^{29}{Mg}$ ; ${}^{26}{Mg}$ ( ${}^{18}O$ , ${}^{14}O$ ), $E = 87$ MeV, $Q$ -value measurement, deduced mass excess of ${}^{30}{Mg}$ . Enriched target.

Regge pole analysis of the scattering of ${}^{16}O$ by ${}^{28}{Si}$

T. Takemasa and T. Tamura

Phys. Rev. C 18, 1282 (1978) - Published 1 September, 1978

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By using several optical potentials which fit satisfactorily results of a recent experiment on the elastic scattering of ${}^{16}O$ by ${}^{28}{Si}$ at $E_{lab} = 55$ MeV, exact calculations were performed so as to locate the positions of the Regge poles, and to evaluate the associated residues and corresponding background integrals. Based on the results thus obtained, a discussion is given of the roles which the pole and background terms play in the description of the scattering between two heavy ions.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS Exact derivation of Regge poles; Residue; Pole and background decomposition of scattering amplitude; ${}^{16}O$ + ${}^{28}{Si}$ at $E_{lab} = 55$ MeV.

Heavy ion collisions at intermediate energy

G. Bertsch and A. A. Amsden

Phys. Rev. C 18, 1293 (1978) - Published 1 September, 1978

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Two types of measurement are proposed for the analysis of heavy ion collisions in the range of energy of 20-200 MeV/A. First, measurement of the longitudinal component of the kinetic energy of the collision products characterizes the impact parameter of the collision. The distribution in this quantity allows the dissipation in the theoretical models to be determined. A second kind of measurement is that of the coefficients of a spherical harmonic expansion of the angular distribution of the products. Besides giving independent information on the impact parameter and reaction dynamics, measurement of these coefficients offers the possibility of measuring the stiffness of the equation of state of nuclear matter. These ideas are explored in the context of a hydrodynamic model for the collision. In the purely hydrodynamic model there is a large measurable asymmetry in the angular distribution, but the dependence on the equation of state is small.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS Heavy ion collisions. Energy loss and angular distributions discussed and related to dissipation mechanism, equation of state. Hydrodynamic calculations.

Excitation functions for quasielastic transfer reactions induced with heavy ions in bismuth

D. Gardès, R. Bimbot, J. Maison, L. de Reilhac, M. F. Rivet, A. Fleury, F. Hubert, and Y. Llabador

Phys. Rev. C 18, 1298 (1978) - Published 1 September, 1978

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The excitation functions for the production of ${}^{210}{Bi}$ , ${}^{210}{Po}$ , ${}^{207 - 211}{At}$ , and ${}^{211}{Rn}$ through quasielastic transfer reactions induced with heavy ions in ${}^{209}{Bi}$ have been measured. The corresponding reactions involved the transfer of one neutron, one proton, two charges, and three charges from projectile to target. The projectiles used were ${}^{12}C$ , ${}^{14}N$ , ${}^{16}O$ , ${}^{19}F$ , ${}^{20}{Ne}$ , ${}^{40}{Ar}$ , ${}^{40}{Ca}$ , ${}^{56}{Fe}$ , and ${}^{63}{Cu}$ . The experimental techniques involved target irradiations and off-line $α$ and $γ$ activity measurements. Chemical separations were used to solve specific problems. Careful measurements of incident energies and cross sections were performed close to the reaction thresholds. All excitation functions exhibit the typical features of quasielastic transfer reactions: a sharp increase at low energy, and a constant value at high incident energy. The position of the thresholds are strongly influenced by the energetics of the reaction: High cross sections are observed under the strong interaction barrier if the energy balance at the minimum distance of approach is positive. This balance is equal to the difference between the interaction potentials in the entrance and exit channels, corrected for the mass balance. The constant cross sections observed for the high energy part of a given excitation function are consistent with the assumption that the curve $P (R)$ which represents the transfer probability versus the distance between the nucleus centers does not vary with incident energy. This assumption implies the constancy of the optimum distance of approach $R_{opt}$ , of the $R$ window $Δ R$ for which $P (R)$ is significant, and of the magnitude of $P (R)$ . Moreover the data show that the high energy cross sections for one-proton transfer are independent of the projectile, while odd-even effects of the projectile atomic number $Z$ on the two-charge transfer cross sections are observed for the lightest incident ions ${}^{14}N$ to ${}^{20}{Ne}$ .

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{209}{Bi} (HI, X)$ , ${}^{211, 210, 209, 208, 207}{At}$ , ${}^{211}{Rn}$ , with HI= ${}^{12}C$ , ${}^{14}N$ , ${}^{16}O$ , ${}^{19}F$ , ${}^{20}{Ne}$ , ${}^{40}{Ar}$ , ${}^{56}{Fe}$ , ${}^{63}{Cu}$ . $\frac{E}{A} ≃ 4.5 - 10$ MeV/nucleon. Measured $σ (E)$ .

Empirical limitations of energy dissipation in ${}^{252}{Cf}$ (sf)

H. Schultheis and R. Schultheis

Phys. Rev. C 18, 1317 (1978) - Published 1 September, 1978

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Limitations for the energy dissipated in the spontaneous fission of ${}^{252}{Cf}$ have been studied on the basis of the experimental fragment kinetic energies, neutron, and $γ$ data and the calculated (static) potential energies of the fragments. Upper bounds for the dissipated energy are obtained by restricting the parameter space of the fissioning system to the domain which is compatible with the experimental post-scission data, and by computing the maximum energy available in this domain for dissipation. No assumptions have been made about the fission dynamics or the dissipation mechanism. A numerical evaluation has been performed for 19 pairs of fragments in ${}^{252}{Cf}$ (sf), taking into account spheroidal fragment shapes with diffuse surface, nuclear interaction and Coulomb excitation effects. The energy available for internal excitation at scission is found to be small (⋜ 10 MeV). An analysis of the uncertainties entering into this result shows that high dissipation in ${}^{252}{Cf}$ (sf) is incompatible with the existing experimental data unless peculiar fragment shapes are assumed. Upper bounds are also given for the fragment deformations. We discuss the hypothesis of minimum potential energy at scission, the influence of fragment shell effects, and the relevance of data from ternary fission.

RADIOACTIVITY, FISSION ${}^{252}{Cf}$ (sf); calculated energy dissipation, fragment deformation.

Spin determination of resonance structure in ( ${}^{235}U$ + $n$ ) below 25 keV

M. S. Moore, J. D. Moses, G. A. Keyworth, J. W. T. Dabbs, and N. W. Hill

Phys. Rev. C 18, 1328 (1978) - Published 1 September, 1978

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Measurements made with a polarized neutron beam and a polarized target of ${}^{235}U$ have been analyzed to obtain spin-separated fission cross sections of ( ${}^{235}U$ + $n$ ) below 25 keV neutron energy. Analysis of the cross section data in the resolved resonance region has been carried out to obtain a better estimate of average parameters than has been previously available. The average parameters have been used as the starting point for an extraction of energy-dependent average parameters in the unresolved resonance region. The results of this analysis show evidence for intermediate structure in the spin-4 component.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS, FISSION ${}^{235}U (n, f)$ , $E = 1 eV - 25 keV$ ; measured $J$ dependence of $σ (E)$ , deduced resonance parameters to 100 eV, spin assignments to 300 eV. Evidence for intermediate structure in $〈 Γ_{f} 〉$ .

Recoil properties of radionuclides formed in the interaction of 1-300-GeV protons with gold

S. B. Kaufman, E. P. Steinberg, and M. W. Weisfield

Phys. Rev. C 18, 1349 (1978) - Published 1 September, 1978

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The thick-target recoil properties of a number of nuclides, varying from ${}^{22}{Na}$ to ${}^{196}{Au}$ , formed in the interaction of 1-300-GeV protons with ${}^{197}{Au}$ have been measured in order to study the systematics of their variation with product mass and incident energy. The forward-to-backward ratios ( $\frac{F}{B}$ ) of many of the products have a peak at 3 GeV and decrease at higher energies, with products in the mass region $46 \leq A \leq 65$ having $\frac{F}{B} = 1.0$ at 300 GeV. The $\frac{F}{B}$ values of products with $A ≳ 140$ decrease monotonically between 1 and 300 GeV. The results are analyzed by the two-step model of high-energy reactions and discussed in terms of the different reaction mechanisms, spallation, fission and fragmentation. Fission contributes appreciably to the formation of products in the mass region $46 \leq A \leq 103$ at 1 GeV bombarding energy, but other mechanisms predominate at and above 11.5 GeV. The results are compared to the predictions of intranuclear cascade-evaporation calculations, and are in reasonable agreement at 1 and 3 GeV, although the calculations predict more forward momentum transfer than is observed. At higher energies the relation between forward momentum and mean deposition energy derived from the calculations must break down, because nuclides requiring high deposition energies for their formation have little or no forward momentum. Some possible explanations for this phenomenon are discussed.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{197}{Au} (p, x) {}^{22}{Na}$ - ${}^{196}{Au}$ , $E_{p} = 1 - 300$ GeV; measured thick-target recoil properties; derived momenta and deposition energies.

$π^{\pm}$ -induced multinucleon removal from ${}^{27}{Al}$ and ${}^{28}{Si}$

B. J. Lieb, H. O. Funsten, C. E. Stronach, H. S. Plendl, and V. G. Lind

Phys. Rev. C 18, 1368 (1978) - Published 1 September, 1978

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$γ$ -ray spectra were recorded following bombardment of ${}^{27}{Al}$ and ${}^{28}{Si}$ targets by 220 MeV $π^{-}$ and 190 MeV $π^{+}$ beams. Residual nuclei were identified by their characteristic $γ$ rays and cross sections for production of specific states of daughter nuclei were calculated. Results for $Δ A > 2$ were found to be largely independent of the target and the charge state of the incident $π$ . The resulting cross sections showed effects of binding energy and were in fair agreement with the results of an intranuclear cascade/evaporation calculation.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{27}{Al} (π^{\pm}, X γ)$ , ${}^{28}{Si} (π^{\pm}, X γ)$ ; $E_{π^{-}} = 220$ MeV; $E_{π^{+}} = 190$ MeV; detected $γ$ rays; Ge(Li); measured 90° $σ$ for multinucleon removal.

Momentum transfer in the reactions of 25-GeV ${}^{12}C$ and 28-GeV ${}^{1}H$ with Cu

J. C. Cumming, P. E. Haustein, and H. -C. Hseuh

Phys. Rev. C 18, 1372 (1978) - Published 1 September, 1978

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The thick-target, thick-catcher technique has been used to determine mean kinetic properties of selected products of the fragmentation of Cu by 25-GeV ${}^{12}C$ ions and 28-GeV ${}^{1}H$ . Recoil properties of target fragments vary strongly with product mass, but show only a weak dependence on projectile type which is interpreted as indicating small deviations from the limiting fragmentation hypothesis for 2-GeV/nucleon ${}^{12}C$ ions.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS Cu( ${}^{12}C$ , spallation) $E = 25$ GeV, Cu( ${}^{1}H$ , spallation) $E = 28$ GeV, thick-target, thick catchers; measured $2 W (F + B)$ and $W (F - B)$ for six products ${}^{24}{Na}$ - ${}^{58}{Co}$ ; deduced mean kinetic properties.

Inclusive cross sections, $p (0.8 GeV) + A \to p + X$ , up to the ${}^{6}{Li}$ elastic limit

S. Frankel, W. Frati, G. Blanpied, G. W. Hoffmann, T. Kozlowski, C. Morris, H. A. Thiessen, O. Van Dyck, R. Ridge, and C. Whitten

Phys. Rev. C 18, 1375 (1978) - Published 1 September, 1978

Show Abstract

Results of experimental measurements on protons produced at 100° and 158° from ${}^{6}{Li}$ , ${}^{9}{Be}$ , and ${}^{181}{Ta}$ targets are presented and compared with the mass number ( $A$ ), angular ( $θ$ ), and momentum dependence of "quasi-two-body scaling."

NUCLEAR REACTIONS Inclusive cross section, structure functions, high momentum components, scaling.

Application of quasi-two-body scaling to $p + A \to p + X$

S. Frankel, W. Frati, R. M. Woloshyn, and D. Yang

Phys. Rev. C 18, 1379 (1978) - Published 1 September, 1978

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Previously unpublished data on $p + A \to p + X$ , by Cochran et al., covering a wide range of angles and atomic numbers, are analyzed to probe the validity of the single scattering model and "quasi-two-body scaling."

NUCLEAR REACTIONS Inclusive cross section, structure function, high momentum components, scaling.

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Evidence for destructive interference between Rayleigh and Delbruck scattering for 6.8-11.4-MeV photons

${}^{210}{Bi}^{m} (d, p) {}^{211}{Bi}$ reaction at 20 MeV

Inelastic scattering of 40 MeV protons from ${}^{24}{Mg}$ . II. Microscopic calculations for positive parity states

Elastic and inelastic scattering of alpha particles from ${}^{40, 44}{Ca}$ over a broad range of energies and angles

Mass measurement of proton-rich, medium-weight nuclei by the ( ${}^{3}{He}$ , ${}^{6}{He}$ ) reaction

Neutron total cross section measurement on ${}^{140}{Ce}$

Location of high spin 4p-3h strength in ${}^{17}O$

Target residue mass and charge distributions in relativistic heavy ion reactions

Inner part of the ${}^{6}{Li}$ + ${}^{12}C$ optical potential

Energy levels of ${}^{27}{Na}$ and masses of ${}^{29, 30}{Mg}$ observed in ${}^{18}O$ -induced transfer reactions on ${}^{26}{Mg}$

Regge pole analysis of the scattering of ${}^{16}O$ by ${}^{28}{Si}$

Heavy ion collisions at intermediate energy

Excitation functions for quasielastic transfer reactions induced with heavy ions in bismuth

Empirical limitations of energy dissipation in ${}^{252}{Cf}$ (sf)

Spin determination of resonance structure in ( ${}^{235}U$ + $n$ ) below 25 keV

Recoil properties of radionuclides formed in the interaction of 1-300-GeV protons with gold

$π^{\pm}$ -induced multinucleon removal from ${}^{27}{Al}$ and ${}^{28}{Si}$

Momentum transfer in the reactions of 25-GeV ${}^{12}C$ and 28-GeV ${}^{1}H$ with Cu

Inclusive cross sections, $p (0.8 GeV) + A \to p + X$ , up to the ${}^{6}{Li}$ elastic limit

Application of quasi-two-body scaling to $p + A \to p + X$

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