Recent Articles

Low-energy neutron resonances in ${}^{206}{Pb}$

M. Mizumoto, S. Raman, R. L. Macklin, G. G. Slaughter, J. A. Harvey, and J. H. Hamilton

Phys. Rev. C 19, 335 (1979) - Published 1 February, 1979

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Neutron resonance reactions on an enriched ${}^{206}{Pb}$ target have been studied below 50 keV using neutron time-of-flight techniques. The neutron and radiation widths of seventeen resonances were obtained from transmission and capture cross section measurements. Spin and parity assignments for eight resonances were made on the basis of the transmission measurements and the decay patterns of $γ$ rays measured with a Ge(Li) detector. The $γ$ -ray spectra are strikingly simple, being composed of less than five primary $γ$ rays. The neutron separation energy for ${}^{207}{Pb}$ was determined to be 6738.2±0.7 keV. The magnetic dipole transitions from several $p$ -wave resonances to the first three excited states in ${}^{207}{Pb}$ show some enhancement. A possible doorway state in the $p_{\frac{1}{2}}$ neutron channel has been observed in the ${}^{206}{Pb}$ + $n$ reaction at $E_{n} \approx 36$ keV.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{206}{Pb}$ ( $n$ ), $E_{n} = 3 - 50$ keV, measured total $σ (E)$ ; ${}^{206}{Pb}$ ( $n$ , $γ$ ), $E_{n} = 3 - 50$ keV, measured $σ_{n γ}$ , $E_{γ}$ , $I_{γ}$ . ${}^{207}{Pb}$ deduced resonances, resonance parameters, $p$ -wave neutron strength function, levels, neutron separation energy. Enriched targets.

Interaction of photons with ${}^{208}{Pb}$ and neighboring isotopes at energies below the neutron emission threshold

R. M. Laszewski and P. Axel

Phys. Rev. C 19, 342 (1979) - Published 1 February, 1979

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Average elastic photon scattering cross sections were measured for ${}^{209}{Bi}$ , ${}^{208}{Pb}$ , ${}^{207}{Pb}$ , ${}^{206}{Pb}$ , Tl and Hg at excitation energies between 4.5 MeV and the neutron emission threshold, with an energy resolution in the range between 50 and 150 keV. This resolution was sufficient to determine the strengths of most of the strong levels in this energy region for ${}^{208}{Pb}$ ; there are concentrations of strength in a few levels near 5.5 and 7 MeV with the sum of $B (E 1) ↑$ values equal to about 0.84 and 0.65 $e^{2}$ ${fm}^{2}$ , respectively; each of these two groups of levels corresponds to only about 0.63% of the electric dipole sum rule. In the neighboring isotopes, approximately the same amount of strength is distributed among many more energy levels; although this strength is spread in energy more than it is in ${}^{208}{Pb}$ , it remains relatively localized.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS Average $σ (γ, γ)$ measured for ${}^{209}{Bi}$ , ${}^{208}{Pb}$ , ${}^{207}{Pb}$ , ${}^{206}{Pb}$ , Tl and Hg; $θ = 135 °$ ; $E_{γ}$ between 4.5 MeV and neutron threshold.

( $\vec{t}$ , $α$ ) reaction on actinide nuclei and the observation of ${}^{243}{Np}$

E. R. Flynn, D. L. Hanson, and R. A. Hardekopf

Phys. Rev. C 19, 355 (1979) - Published 1 February, 1979

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The ( $t$ , $α$ ) reaction has been carried out on the actinide targets ${}^{234}U$ and ${}^{244}{Pu}$ using a 17 MeV beam of 80% polarized tritons. The residual nucleus ${}^{233}{Pa}$ has been previously studied and serves to calibrate the trends of the analyzing power for known spin states. Twenty-two energy levels were observed in ${}^{243}{Np}$ , a nucleus previously unreported, and a number of spin assignments are suggested. The observed analyzing powers are very similar to those previously measured in the lead nuclei, permitting the use of empirical spin determinations over a wide range of nuclei.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{234}U$ , ${}^{244}{Pu}$ ( $\vec{t}$ , $α$ ), $E_{t} = 17$ MeV; measured $σ (E_{α}, θ)$ , $A_{y} (E_{α}, θ)$ ; enriched targets DWBA analysis.

Levels in ${}^{55}{Mn}$ following inelastic neutron scattering

H. E. Siefken, P. W. Green, H. R. Hooper, T. M. Newton, and G. C. Neilson

Phys. Rev. C 19, 365 (1979) - Published 1 February, 1979

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The gamma ray decays of many levels in ${}^{55}{Mn}$ have been studied following their formation in neutron inelastic scattering. Angular distributions have been measured at incident neutron energies of 2.20, 2.73, and 3.15 MeV. Branching ratios and multipole mixing ratios were determined for several transitions. The 2.199 MeV state is assigned $\frac{7}{2^{-}}$ and the 2.366 MeV state is tentatively assigned $\frac{9}{2^{-}}$ .

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{55}{Mn}$ ( $n$ , $n^{'} γ$ ), $E = 2.20, 2.73, and 3.15$ MeV; measured $σ (E_{γ}, θ)$ . ${}^{55}{Mn}$ deduced levels, $J$ , $σ$ , $γ$ branching. Natural target.

Charged-particle spectra: 80 MeV deuterons on ${}^{27}{Al}$ and ${}^{58}{Ni}$ and 70 MeV deuterons on ${}^{90}{Zr}$ , ${}^{208}{Pb}$ , and ${}^{232}{Th}$

J. R. Wu, C. C. Chang, and H. D. Holmgren

Phys. Rev. C 19, 370 (1979) - Published 1 February, 1979

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Complete energy spectra and angular distributions of charged light particles ( $Z \leq 2$ and $A \leq 4$ ) were measured for the bombardment of 80 MeV deuterons on ${}^{27}{Al}$ and ${}^{58}{Ni}$ and 70 MeV deuterons on ${}^{90}{Zr}$ , ${}^{208}{Pb}$ , and ${}^{232}{Th}$ . The charged particles were detected by two triple-counter telescopes using combinations of $Δ E - E$ and time-of-flight techniques for particle identification. The experimental results are presented in cross sections doubly differential in energy and angle, as well as in angle- and energy-integrated cross sections. For all the nuclei studied, the proton energy spectra show large deuteron-breakup peaks centered at approximately half of the incident deuteron energy at forward angles. The energy spectra for the same type of emitted particle are similar in shape for all nuclei at a given angle except in the region of the low-energy evaporation peak. The magnitude of evaporation peak varies rapidly with target mass. The total nonequilibrium yield of charged light particles is approximately $(300 \pm 50) A^{\frac{1}{3}}$ mb. The angular distributions for the high-energy particles are strongly forward peaked and are nearly isotropic for the low-energy particles. The deuteron and triton yields increase with $A$ ; while those for $p$ , ${}^{3}{He}$ , and $α$ particles decrease with $A$ . The total charged light-particle yield is found to be roughly two times the total reaction cross section ( $σ_{R}$ ) for light- and medium-mass nuclei; while it is less than $σ_{R}$ for heavy nuclei. The experimental results were analyzed within the framework of the pre-equilibrium exciton model together with evaporation theory. The pre-equilibrium exciton model using a 3p-1h initial configuration reproduces the experimental angle-integrated energy spectra for all target nuclei studied both in spectral shapes and in magnitudes for all emitted particles except protons. The deuteron-breakup yield in the proton spectra was compared with the Serber model. When the breakup yield is added to the pre-equilibrium yield, agreement is obtained for the proton spectra.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{27}{Al}$ , ${}^{58}{Ni}$ , ${}^{90}{Zr}$ , ${}^{208}{Pb}$ , ${}^{232}{Th}$ ( $d$ , $xp$ ), ( $d$ , $xd$ ), ( $d$ , $xt$ ), ( $d$ , $x {}^{3}{He}$ ), ( $d$ , $x α$ ), $E = 80, 70$ MeV $θ = 20 ° - 150 °$ , measured $\frac{d^{2} σ}{d Ω d ε}$ , deduced $\frac{d σ}{d ε}$ and $σ (E)$ . Comparisons with pre-equilibrium exciton, compound nuclear evaporation and deuteron-breakup models.

Exchange effects in nucleus-nucleus interaction

M. LeMere and Y. C. Tang

Phys. Rev. C 19, 391 (1979) - Published 1 February, 1979

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The effects of antisymmetrization, represented by various nucleon-exchange terms in a resonating-group formulation, are studied in the case of nucleus-nucleus scattering. By examining the features of the effective local potentials which are constructed to yield the same Born scattering amplitudes as these exchange terms, it is found that the one-exchange and the core-exchange terms are the most important. In addition, this study shows that in scattering systems the one-exchange term has generally a substantial influence over a wide range of energies. On the other hand, the core-exchange term is important only when the nucleon-number difference of the interacting nuclei is rather small. Based on the results of this investigation, it can also be concluded that if a local-potential model is employed to phenomenologically analyze experimental scattering results, then the effective potential in this model may need to have an odd-even $l$ -dependent character.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS Effects of antisymmetrization; energy and spatial dependence of effective internuclear potentials.

Multiple angular correlation between a large number of quanta in coincidence populated by heavy ion reaction

R. Bauer

Phys. Rev. C 19, 399 (1979) - Published 1 February, 1979

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The angular correlation function for the detection of an arbitrary number of quanta in coincidence is simplified for many cases which makes it possible to calculate explicit results. It is also shown that a semiclassical approach is exact for the detection of an arbitrary number of quanta at arbitrary spin values if all transitions involved are stretched. The results demonstrate the enhanced selectivity between different types of quadrupole and dipole transitions as a function of an increasing number of $γ$ rays in coincidence.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS multiple coincidence between a large number of quanta emitted after compound state formation. Angular correlation, stretched cascades, semiclassical calculation, multiplicity, high spin states.

Reaction cross sections for ${}^{16}O$ + ${}^{12}C$

J. J. Kolata, R. M. Freeman, F. Haas, B. Heusch, and A. Gallmann

Phys. Rev. C 19, 408 (1979) - Published 1 February, 1979

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The partial production cross sections for 11 nuclides produced in the fusion of ${}^{12}C$ + ${}^{16}O$ , in the energy region from 17-28 MeV (c.m.), have been measured and compared to an evaporation-model calculation. The comparison, though not completely satisfactory, provides no evidence that such models are inadequate to explain the observations. The "effective" $α$ -particle evaporation yield, deduced from measured partial production cross sections, is shown to be in excellent agreement with previously measured $α$ -particle yields up to 26 MeV (c.m.). The implications of this agreement for the apparent discrepancies between heavy-particle and $γ$ -ray measurements of the fusion yield are discussed. The average total fusion yield, including $3 α$ evaporation to ${}^{16}O$ , is found to be nearly constant at about 1 barn from 20-26 MeV (c.m.). Narrow, regular fluctuations in the yield, with a periodicity of 725 keV and an average width of 150-200 keV are observed. These anomalies are correlated in the various partial-production excitation functions. It is found, however, that the ${}^{16}O$ and ${}^{20}{Ne}$ excitation functions are anticorrelated and possible explanations for this latter observation are discussed.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS Complete fusion, ${}^{12}C$ + ${}^{16}O$ , $E_{c . m .} = 17 - 28$ MeV; evaporation model analysis of nuclide distributions: correlation analysis of fluctuations.

Product yields for the photofission of ${}^{238}U$ with 12-, 15-, 20-, 30-, and 70-MeV bremsstrahlung

E. Jacobs, H. Thierens, D. De Frenne, A. De Clercq, P. D'hondt, P. De Gelder, and A. J. Deruytter

Phys. Rev. C 19, 422 (1979) - Published 1 February, 1979

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Cumulative yields for about 40 mass chains and fractional independent yields of ${}^{128}{Sn}$ , ${}^{128}{Sb}^{g}$ , ${}^{131}{Te}^{g}$ , ${}^{131}{Te}^{m}$ , ${}^{132}I^{g}$ , ${}^{132}I^{m}$ , ${}^{134}I$ , ${}^{134}{Cs}$ , ${}^{135}{Xe}$ , and ${}^{136}{Cs}$ were determined for the photofission of ${}^{238}U$ with 12-, 15-, 20-, 30-, and 70-MeV bremsstrahlung. Changes in the characteristics of the mass distribution are studied. An enhanced yield in the mass region 133-134, decreasing with increasing end-point energy of the bremsstrahlung ( $E_{e}$ ), is observed. From the determined independent yields the most probable charges $Z_{p} (E_{e})$ are calculated using the value 0.85 for the width parameter $c$ of the charge distribution as deduced from our results for mass chain 134. The determined $Z_{p} (E_{e})$ values are very well described by the empirical relation of Nethaway except for the mass chain 136. This discrepancy for mass chain 136, which decreases with increasing end-point energy of the bremsstrahlung, is attributed to an abnormal low yield of ${}^{136}{Cs}$ . Fragment shell effects are discussed. From the isomeric ratios for ${}^{131}{Te}^{g} - {}^{131}{Te}^{m}$ and ${}^{132}I^{g} - {}^{132}I^{m}$ average initial fragment spins are calculated using a statistical model analysis.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS, FISSION ${}^{238}U$ ( $γ$ , $F$ ), $E_{γ max} = 12, 15, 20, 30, 70$ MeV; measured: fragment $γ$ -ray spectra; deduced: mass distributions, most probable charges, isomeric ratios, average initial fragment spins.

Photonuclear yields of the ${}^{237}{Pu}$ fission isomers

W. Günther, K. Huber, U. Kneissl, H. Krieger, and H. J. Maier

Phys. Rev. C 19, 433 (1979) - Published 1 February, 1979

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The half-lives and yield ratios $\frac{Y_{iso}}{Y_{prompt}}$ for the two ${}^{237}{Pu}$ fission isomers have been investigated in the photonuclear reaction ${}^{239}{Pu}$ ( $γ$ , $2 n$ ). The observed half-lives ( $t_{\frac{1}{2}} = 77 \pm 16 ns, 1050 \pm 400 ns$ ) agree well with the data from particle induced fission. The measured yield ratios were ${(\frac{Y_{iso}}{Y_{prompt}})}_{f}^{short} = (6.4 \pm 1.7) \times 10^{- 6}$ and ${(\frac{Y_{iso}}{Y_{prompt}})}_{f}^{long} = (0.83 \pm 0.22) \times 10^{- 6}$ . From a statistical model analysis of the isomeric fission yield ratio ( $\frac{Y_{short}}{Y_{long}} = 7.7 \pm 2.9$ ) a spin assignment of the two shape isomers was attempted. The analysis provided, in the context of the statistical model, the most probable spin values $I = \frac{11}{2}$ for the exicted, long lived state and $I = \frac{5}{2}$ for the short lived ground state in the second minimum of ${}^{237}{Pu}$ . Comparing these spin values with single particle calculations, we tend to classify the excited state as the ${[615]}_{\frac{11}{2 +}}$ Nilsson orbit and the short lived state as the ${[862]}_{\frac{5}{2 +}}$ state.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{239}{Pu}$ ( $γ$ , $2 n$ ), bremsstrahlung 45 MeV; measured $t_{\frac{1}{2}}$ , $\frac{Y_{iso}}{Y_{pr}}$ for ${}^{237}{Pu}^{m 1, m 2}$ deduced isomeric ratio, spins.

Boundary condition model for the linewidths of protonium

W. B. Kaufmann

Phys. Rev. C 19, 440 (1979) - Published 1 February, 1979

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We have calculated the annihilation widths of $s$ - and $p$ -state protonium using a coupled channel model which incorporates an absorptive boundary condition derived from the WKB approximation. The boundary condition yields results nearly independent of the point at which the condition is applied. The results are compared with the black sphere model.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS protonium $\bar{p} p$ , calculated level shifts and widths, boundary condition model.

Role of the small components of the nucleon-nucleus distorted wave in ( $p$ , $π$ ) reactions

Louis S. Celenza

Phys. Rev. C 19, 447 (1979) - Published 1 February, 1979

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A formalism, based upon a covariant reduction of a Bethe-Salpeter equation for nucleon nucleus scattering, is presented. The aim is to focus attention upon the relativistic components of the nucleon nucleus scattering wave functions and the role they play in inelastic reactions such as the ( $p$ , $π$ ) reaction. One result is a renormalization of the pion-nucleon vertex function due to these components.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS Relativistic effects in proton-pion reactions.

Photopion production in the Fermi-gas model

W. M. MacDonald, E. T. Dressler, and J. S. O'Connell

Phys. Rev. C 19, 455 (1979) - Published 1 February, 1979

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Differential and total cross sections for ( $γ$ , $π$ ) reactions in nuclear matter are calculated using the single particle $γ N π$ amplitudes recently proposed for nuclear calculations. The effect of the Pauli principle on the pion spectrum and angular distribution is examined. Optical potentials for the nucleons and pions are introduced to investigate the influence of the nuclear medium on photopion production. The total photoabsorption cross section is computed and compared with recent data on lithium and beryllium.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS Calculated $σ (E_{π}, θ_{π})$ for ( $γ$ , $π$ ) in nuclear matter. Applied to total photoabsorption data from 140 to 340 MeV in Li and Be.

Three-body calculation of $π d$ elastic scattering observables at energies up to the (3,3) resonance

N. Giraud, Y. Avishai, C. Fayard, and G. H. Lamot

Phys. Rev. C 19, 465 (1979) - Published 1 February, 1979

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The $π d$ elastic scattering observables are calculated in the energy range 25 to 180 MeV on the basis of the Faddeev-Lovelace equations where relativistic kinematics are used only for the pion. In the (3,3) resonance region, the importance of all $S$ , $P$ $π N$ channels (included in an exact way) and the sensitivity to the description of the deuteron wave function are demonstrated. The vector and tensor polarizations are predicted at 142 and 180 MeV.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS $π d$ elastic scattering, $T_{π} = 25 - 180$ MeV, $\frac{d σ}{d Ω}$ , total cross section, vector and tensor polarizations, Faddeev calculation.

Muon capture in ${}^{6}{Li}$ in the ditriton channel by the use of the elementary particle model

S. L. Mintz

Phys. Rev. C 19, 476 (1979) - Published 1 February, 1979

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The muon-capture rate for the reaction $μ^{-} + {}^{6}{Li} \to {}^{3}H + {}^{3}H + ν_{μ}$ is calculated by the use of the elementary-particle model. The form factors describing the axial current matrix element are determined by pion-capture data for the reaction $π^{-}$ + ${}^{6}{Li}$ → ${}^{3}H$ + ${}^{3}H$ via the partially conserved axial vector current hypothesis and results based on the impulse approximation. The form factors describing the vector current matrix element are obtained from the reactions $γ$ + ${}^{6}{Li}$ → ${}^{3}H$ + ${}^{3}{He}$ and ${}^{3}H$ + ${}^{3}{He}$ → $γ$ + ${}^{6}{Li}$ via the conserved vector current hypothesis. Two results are presented for which the assumptions vary, $Γ = 104.9$ $\sec^{- 1}$ and $Γ = 160.5$ $\sec^{- 1}$ .

NUCLEAR REACTIONS Muon-capture ${}^{6}{Li}$ ( $μ$ , $ν_{μ}$ ) ${}^{3}H$ ${}^{3}H$ calculated $Γ$ , $\frac{d Γ}{d ν}$ using the elementary-particle model.

Identification of ${}^{148}{Ho}$ and ${}^{149}{Ho}$

K. S. Toth, C. R. Bingham, D. R. Zolnowski, S. E. Cala, H. K. Carter, and D. C. Sousa

Phys. Rev. C 19, 482 (1979) - Published 1 February, 1979

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The new nuclides, ${}^{148}{Ho}$ and ${}^{149}{Ho}$ , were identified in ${}^{10}B$ bombardments of ${}^{144}{Sm}$ . A gas-jet system was used to transport product nuclei to a shielded area suitable for $γ$ -ray measurements. The 21-s isotope, ${}^{149}{Ho}$ , was found to decay primarily to a ${}^{149}{Dy}$ level at 1091 keV and less intensely to the $i_{\frac{13}{2}} 1073$ -keV state observed in a previous in-beam $γ$ -ray study. This radioactivity, in analogy to neighboring odd- $A$ terbium and holmium isotopes, probably represents the $h_{\frac{11}{2}}$ proton orbital in ${}^{149}{Ho}$ which decays via an allowed $β$ transition to the 1091-keV level. The latter, is therefore, proposed to be the $h_{\frac{9}{2}}$ neutron state in ${}^{149}{Dy}$ . The 9-s isotope, ${}^{148}{Ho}$ , was identified mainly through a 1688-keV $γ$ -ray which: (1)was in coincidence with dysprosium $K$ x rays, (2)increased dramatically in intensity when the ${}^{10}B$ bombarding energy was raised from 85 to 96 MeV, and (3)remained constant (over the same range) in intensity relative to that of the 620-keV $γ$ ray known to belong to ${}^{148}{Dy}$ decay. On the basis of systematics for low-lying levels in even-even $N = 82$ nuclei, the 1688-keV transition is though to deexcite the first-excited state in ${}^{148}{Dy}$ .

RADIOACTIVITY ${}^{148}{Ho}$ , ${}^{149}{Ho}$ , measured $T_{\frac{1}{2}}$ , $E_{γ}$ , $I_{γ}$ , $γ γ$ coin; ${}^{148}{Dy}$ , ${}^{149}{Dy}$ deduced levels.

Separation of realistic nuclear forces in terms of Talmi integrals

Yoon Suk Koh and Paul Goldhammer

Phys. Rev. C 19, 487 (1979) - Published 1 February, 1979

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The Reid soft core potential is analyzed in terms of Talmi integrals for an oscillator basis. The singular short ranged character is found to be confined to the lower Talmi integrals, while higher Talmi integrals rapidly approach the same values as one obtains for the one pion exchange potential. A simple prescription is developed for removing the lowest Talmi integral ( $I_{0}$ ) in the $S$ wave interaction. It can be demonstrated, using the Moszkowski-Scott separation method, that the properties of known nuclear states are insensitive to the short range portion of the force, even if the force fails to give the normal saturation property.

NUCLEAR STRUCTURE Reid soft core potential. Talmi integrals. Separation method and saturation properties.

Neutron gas: Temperature dependence of the effective interaction

J. Robert Buchler and Bhaskar Datta

Phys. Rev. C 19, 494 (1979) - Published 1 February, 1979

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We investigate the temperature dependence of the effective interaction for a hot neutron gas. We point out that care has to be exercised when extending zero-temperature formalisms to finite temperatures using plausibility arguments. The temperature dependence of the effective interaction, however, is found to cause relatively small changes in the pressure.

NUCLEAR STRUCTURE Finite temperature neutron gas. Treatment of Pauli principle in intermediate states.

Collective and noncollective excitations in odd-even $N = 83$ nuclei

P. Van Isacker, K. Heyde, M. Waroquier, and H. Vincx

Phys. Rev. C 19, 498 (1979) - Published 1 February, 1979

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We have studied the level structure of the even-odd $N = 83$ nuclei ${}_{60}^{143}{Nd}$ , ${}_{62}^{145}{Sm}$ , ${}_{64}^{147}{Gd}$ , and ${}_{66}^{149}{Dy}$ . In order to explain the high level density above 2 MeV and low-lying high-spin states ( $J > \frac{13}{2}$ ; $E_{x} > 2.5$ MeV), a Hamiltonian is constructed which in addition to the collective vibrations of the core, describes also the two quasiparticle excitations of the protons in the $Z = 50 - 82$ shell. The results of the calculations are compared with the experimental data concerning the $N = 83$ nuclei.

NUCLEAR STRUCTURE $N = 83$ nuclei Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy. Collective proton two quasiparticle degrees of freedom. High-spin states. Calculated levels $J$ , $π$ ; $B (E 3)$ .

Core polarization charge for $E 6$ transition

Hiroyuki Sagawa

Phys. Rev. C 19, 506 (1979) - Published 1 February, 1979

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Core polarization charge for $E 6$ transition in the vicinity of ${}^{40}{Ca}$ is calculated by the Bohr-Mottelson particle-vibration coupling model. A negative $E 6$ proton polarization charge $δ e_{p}^{L = 6} = - 0.06$ is obtained because the isovector coupling constant is strongly repulsive and the lowest isoscalar particle-hole $6^{+}$ state is not collective. Comparison between the schematic interaction and other effective forces is discussed in calculations of core polarization charges of electric transitions.

NUCLEAR STRUCTURE $E 6$ polarization charge, effective interaction.

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Low-energy neutron resonances in ${}^{206}{Pb}$

Interaction of photons with ${}^{208}{Pb}$ and neighboring isotopes at energies below the neutron emission threshold

( $\vec{t}$ , $α$ ) reaction on actinide nuclei and the observation of ${}^{243}{Np}$

Levels in ${}^{55}{Mn}$ following inelastic neutron scattering

Charged-particle spectra: 80 MeV deuterons on ${}^{27}{Al}$ and ${}^{58}{Ni}$ and 70 MeV deuterons on ${}^{90}{Zr}$ , ${}^{208}{Pb}$ , and ${}^{232}{Th}$

Exchange effects in nucleus-nucleus interaction

Multiple angular correlation between a large number of quanta in coincidence populated by heavy ion reaction

Reaction cross sections for ${}^{16}O$ + ${}^{12}C$

Product yields for the photofission of ${}^{238}U$ with 12-, 15-, 20-, 30-, and 70-MeV bremsstrahlung

Photonuclear yields of the ${}^{237}{Pu}$ fission isomers

Boundary condition model for the linewidths of protonium

Role of the small components of the nucleon-nucleus distorted wave in ( $p$ , $π$ ) reactions

Photopion production in the Fermi-gas model

Three-body calculation of $π d$ elastic scattering observables at energies up to the (3,3) resonance

Muon capture in ${}^{6}{Li}$ in the ditriton channel by the use of the elementary particle model

Identification of ${}^{148}{Ho}$ and ${}^{149}{Ho}$

Separation of realistic nuclear forces in terms of Talmi integrals

Neutron gas: Temperature dependence of the effective interaction

Collective and noncollective excitations in odd-even $N = 83$ nuclei

Core polarization charge for $E 6$ transition

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