Recent Articles

$g$ -shell admixtures and the ${}^{19}F ({}^{3}{He}, d) {}^{20}{Ne}^{*} (4^{+})$ reaction

B. Mughrabi and P. J. Ellis

Phys. Rev. C 22, 2354 (1980) - Published 1 December, 1980

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For the ${}^{19}F ({}^{3}{He}, d) {}^{20}{Ne}^{*}$ , reaction we have studied the interplay between the one-step and multistep processes within the coupled-channel Born approximation. The data allow a wide variation in the contribution of the onestep $0 g$ transfer and only yield an upper limit of 17% of the $0 g$ intensity in the $K = \frac{1}{2}$ Nilsson orbital.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{19}F ({}^{3}{He}, d) {}^{20}{Ne}^{*} (4^{+})$ , $E = 10 - 23$ MeV; coupled-channels Born approximation study of interplay between one-step and multistep processes.

Iterative solution of multichannel three-body equations

Lauro Tomio and Sadhan K. Adhikari

Phys. Rev. C 22, 2359 (1980) - Published 1 December, 1980

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A recently proposed method for solving scattering equations is generalized to the case of multichannel scattering equations. In the present work we write the final result of the method for multichannel scattering equations in such a way that it has all the important features of a related method for single channel Lippmann-Schwinger-type equations proposed by Kowalski and Noyes but is more general in practice. The method relies on the introduction of an auxiliary equation containing an arbitrary function. The kernel of the auxiliary equation is in general weaker in nature than the original kernel and hence the auxiliary equation is expected to have a (rapidly) convergent iterative solution. It is suggested that the method could be an efficient method for solving three-body scattering equations. Using the iterative solution of the auxiliary equation, the method is used numerically to compute fully off-shell $t$ matrix elements for the spin doublet and the spin quartet neutron-deuteron scattering in the Amado model. The iterative solution of the auxiliary equation is found to converge significantly faster than the conventional Padé technique-an unexpected result-if the freedom in the choice of the arbitrary function is exploited.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS Multichannel scattering equations, iterative solution, spin ½ and spin $\frac{3}{2}$ neutron-deuteron scattering, Amado model, off-shell $t$ matrix elements and phase shifts computed.

Electromagnetic properties of the deuteron and the Bethe-Salpeter equation with one-boson exchange

M. J. Zuilhof and J. A. Tjon

Phys. Rev. C 22, 2369 (1980) - Published 1 December, 1980

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The deuteron electromagnetic form factors are studied in a relativistic framework. Using the Bethe-Salpeter equation in the ladder approximation with a superposition of $π$ , $η$ , $ε$ , $δ$ , $ρ$ , and $ω$ exchange as the driving force, we calculate the deuteron vertex function. The construction of the deuteron current from the vertex function is described in some detail. In order to obtain numerical results an approximation is introduced in which parts of the boost effects are neglected and the corrections are discussed. The calculated form factors are compared with the nonrelativistic results obtained from the Reid soft-core interaction.

NUCLEAR STRUCTURE Deuteron; relativistic calculation electromagnetic from factors; Bethe-Salpeter equation one-boson-exchange model.

Electromagnetic properties of the low-lying states in heavy ( $A ≃ 190$ ) transitional nuclei

C. Baktash, J. X. Saladin, J. J. O'Brien, and J. G. Alessi

Phys. Rev. C 22, 2383 (1980) - Published 1 December, 1980

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In a particle- $γ$ spectroscopy experiment, ${}^{188, 190, 192}{Os}$ nuclei were Coulomb excited by 14.5 MeV ${}^{4}{He}$ , 48.0 MeV ${}^{16}O$ , and 62.0 MeV ${}^{32}S$ beams, successively. Using both semiclassical and quantum mechanical coupled channels codes, the coincidence $γ$ -ray yields were analyzed to obtain the relative quadrupole moments of the $2_{1}^{+}$ state, as well as branching ratios and the spectroscopic quadrupole moments of the $2_{2}^{+}$ states in these nuclei. As an independent check, the spectroscopic quadrupole moments of the $2_{1}^{+}$ and $2_{2}^{+}$ states in ${}^{188}{Os}$ were measured by particle spectroscopy techniques using ${}^{16}O$ projectiles. The results of the two experiments are in good agreement. These results, together with the corresponding values for ${}^{184, 186}W$ and ${}^{194}{Pt}$ , are compared with the predictions of several models, including (i) microscopic pairing-plus-quadrupole and boson expansion theory, and (ii) phenomenological interacting boson approximation and asymmetric rigid rotor models. The general experimental trends are best described by the above microscopic models. Both phenomenological models fail to reproduce the systematics of the experimental quadrupole moments.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{188, 190, 192}{Os} (α, α^{'} γ)$ , $E = 14.5$ MeV; ${}^{188, 190, 192}{Os} ({}^{16}O, {}^{16}O^{'} γ)$ , $E = 48.0$ MeV; ${}^{188, 190, 192}{({}^{32}S, {}^{32}S^{'} γ)}$ , $E = 62.0$ MeV; measured particle- $γ$ coin; deduced $q (2_{2}^{+})$ , branching ratios ( $2_{2}^{+}$ ), relative $q (2_{1}^{+})$ . Thick natural target. ${}^{188}{Os}$ ( ${}^{16}O$ , ${}^{16}O$ ′), $E = 45.0$ MeV; measured $σ (E, 142.3 °)$ ; deduced $q (2_{1}^{+})$ , $q (2_{2}^{+})$ . Thin enriched target. Coupled channel semiclassical and quantum mechanical analyses.

Absolute ( $γ, p_{0}$ ) and ( $γ, p_{1}$ ) cross sections and angular distributions for the closed-neutron shell nucleus ${}^{89}Y$

E. Van Camp, R. Van de Vyver, H. Ferdinande, E. Kerkhove, R. Carchon, and J. Devos

Phys. Rev. C 22, 2396 (1980) - Published 1 December, 1980

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Absolute ( $γ, p_{0}$ ) and ( $γ, p_{1}$ ) differential cross sections for ${}^{89}Y$ were measured at seven angles in the energy interval between 13 and 24.6 MeV, from which the angular distribution coefficients were deduced by fitting a sum of Legendre polynomials. In these cross sections we observe a number of isolated resonances which can be identified as the isobaric analogs of known $\frac{1}{2^{+}}$ and $\frac{3}{2^{+}}$ excited states in the ${}^{89}{Sr}$ parent nucleus. The appearance of a maximum around 21 MeV excitation energy in both total cross sections may indicate the existence of the $T_{>}$ coherent dipole state. From the angular distribution coefficients in the ( $γ, p_{0}$ ) channel, an upper and lower limit for the $E 2$ photon absorption were estimated as being equal to 22% and 6%, respectively, of the total $E 2$ energy-weighted sum rule.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{89}Y (γ, p_{0})$ , ( $γ, p_{1}$ ), $E = 13.0 - 24.6$ MeV, $θ = 37 - 143 °$ ; measured $σ (E; θ)$ absolutely. Deduced $σ (E; p_{0})$ , $σ (E; p_{1})$ ; $E 1$ , $E 2$ strengths, isobaric analog states, isospin splitting. Natural target.

Coulomb level shifts by a complex Yamaguchi potential

L. P. Kok

Phys. Rev. C 22, 2404 (1980) - Published 1 December, 1980

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Intricacies of exotic atom models with short-range annihilation interactions are discussed by considering a short-range Yamaguchi potential with complex coupling parameter plus Coulomb potential. Certain saddle points play an important role in the description of critical phenomena.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS Scattering theory, Coulomb level shifts, decaying bound states, exotic atoms.

Alpha particle capture through the giant electric resonances in ${}^{90}{Zr}$

K. Raghunathan, L. L. Rutledge, R. E. Segel, and L. Meyer-Schützmeister

Phys. Rev. C 22, 2409 (1980) - Published 1 December, 1980

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The ${}^{86}{Sr} (α, γ_{0}) {}^{90}{Zr}$ reaction has been studied over the energy range $9.0 \leq E_{α} ≲ 12.5$ MeV; there was no detectable yield below 9 MeV. Data were taken at three angles, thus making it possible to decompose the radiation into its $E 1$ and $E 2$ components. The $E 1$ yield, which is at least 85% of the total, shows a broad peak centered at an excitation energy of about 17 MeV. Utilizing Hauser-Feshbach calculations, the magnitude and shape of the $E 1$ yield is shown to be consistent with the $E 1$ capture proceeding entirely through the compound nucleus. The $E 2$ yield is small at the lower bombarding energies, but appears to be significant above about $E ({}^{90}{Zr}^{*}) = 16.5$ MeV. Any observed $E 2$ cross section is shown to be much too large for the reaction to proceed mainly through the compound nucleus.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{36}{Sr} (α, γ_{0}) {}^{90}{Zr}$ , $9 \leq E_{α} \leq 12.5$ MeV; measured $E_{γ}$ , $\frac{d σ}{d Ω (θ, E_{α})}$ ; deduced $σ_{E 1} (γ, α_{0})$ , $σ_{E 2} (γ, α_{0})$ .

Lifetimes of rotational states in ${}^{154}{Sm}$

Noah R. Johnson, M. W. Guidry, R. J. Sturm, E. Eichler, R. O. Sayer, D. C. Hensley, and N. C. Singhal

Phys. Rev. C 22, 2416 (1980) - Published 1 December, 1980

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Lifetimes of the $4^{+}$ through $10^{+}$ members of the ground-state rotational band in ${}^{154}{Sm}$ have been measured by the Doppler-shift recoil-distance method. The $B (E 2)$ values deduced from these lifetimes are approximately consistent with those expected for a rigid rotor, but a small amount of centrifugal stretching, corresponding to an increase in the intrinsic quadrupole moment of $Δ Q_{0} \leq 5 %$ between $I = 0 and 10$ , is suggested.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{154}{Sm}$ ( ${}^{40}{Ar}$ , ${}^{40}{Ar}$ ′), $E = 146, 153$ MeV; measured lifetimes of $4^{+}$ , $6^{+}$ , $8^{+}$ , and $10^{+}$ ground band states by recoil distance method, deduced $B (E 2)$ values, compared with theory.

Coulomb-excitation studies of ${}^{70}{Ge}$ , ${}^{72}{Ge}$ , ${}^{74}{Ge}$ , and ${}^{76}{Ge}$

R. Lecomte, M. Irshad, S. Landsberger, G. Kajrys, P. Paradis, and S. Monaro

Phys. Rev. C 22, 2420 (1980) - Published 1 December, 1980

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The characteristics of the low-lying levels of ${}^{70}{Ge}$ , ${}^{72}{Ge}$ , ${}^{74}{Ge}$ , and ${}^{76}{Ge}$ have been investigated via multiple Coulomb excitation effected by bombarding isotopically enriched thick targets with 36 to 42 MeV ${}^{16}O$ ions. These measurements allowed the excitation of the $2^{+}$ , $2^{+'}$ , $0^{+'}$ , and $4^{+}$ levels in all nuclei. The $E 2$ transition values of the $γ$ rays deexciting the $2^{+'}$ and $4^{+}$ levels to the $2^{+}$ states are compared with those recently measured in ${}^{66}{Ge}$ and ${}^{68}{Ge}$ . A close inspection of this set of data clearly reveals a change of nuclear properties between $N = 38$ and $N = 40$ . This is in agreement with the possible existence of a shape transition around $N = 40$ .

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{70, 72, 74, 76}{Ge} ({}^{16}O, {}^{16}O^{'} γ)$ , $E = 36 to 42$ MeV; measured $I_{γ}$ , $E_{γ}$ ; deduced $B (E λ)$ , $B (M 1)$ , $J$ , $T_{\frac{1}{2}}$ . Enriched targets.

Deeply inelastic collisions and fusion in the ${}^{20}{Ne}$ + ${}^{40}{Ca}$ system

Nguyen Van Sen, J. C. Gondrand, F. Merchez, and R. Darves-Blanc

Phys. Rev. C 22, 2424 (1980) - Published 1 December, 1980

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Cross sections for deeply inelastic collisions, fusion, and elastic scattering of ${}^{20}{Ne}$ on ${}^{40}{Ca}$ were measured at 151 MeV. The critical angular momentum $L_{cr}$ and the grazing one $L_{gr}$ deduced from the fusion and elastic scattering data were used in an attempt to interpret the fragment kinetic energies in deeply inelastic collisions in terms of a rotating double-nucleus system whose contributing initial angular momentum depends explicitly on the amount of nucleon transfer.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{20}{Ne}$ + ${}^{40}{Ca}$ , $E = 151$ MeV, measured energy spectra, angular distributions for $4 <~ Z <~ 15$ , elastic scattering angular distribution, evaporation residue cross section. Gas ionization and Si detectors. Natural target. Deduced optical model parameters, reaction cross section, fragment kinetic energies.

Direct fragmentation and hard-scattering processes in relativistic heavy-ion reactions

Cheuk-Yin Wong and R. Blankenbecler

Phys. Rev. C 22, 2433 (1980) - Published 1 December, 1980

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In a relativistic heavy-ion reaction, there are many processes which contribute to fragmentation phenomenon. Here we examine two: the direct fragmentation process in which the detected subsystem is emitted from a parent nucleus without additional scattering, and the hard-scattering process in which a subsystem from one nucleus makes a collision with a subsystem from the other nucleus. In terms of a combination of these two processes, the proton inclusive data of Anderson et al. for the reaction $α + {}^{12}C \to p + X$ at different bombarding energies can be successfully analyzed. We find that the direct fragmentation process dominates the cross section at 0° and 180°. On the other hand, the hard-scattering process dominates the cross section at the quasi-elastic peak when the transverse momentum far exceeds 0.1 GeV/c. Our model leads naturally to a new scaling variable which is the generalization of the Feynman scaling variable for situations when the rest masses are not negligible. As the nuclear momentum distribution enters into the model in a very important way, our analysis constitutes in essence a semi-empirical determination of the nuclear momentum distribution. Furthermore, since a single nucleon can carry a large fraction of the momentum of the parent nucleus in a cooperative manner, relativistic heavy-ion reactions may be utilized to provide valuable information on the high momentum tail of the nuclear momentum distribution when the effects of final-state interactions are better understood.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS Theoretical analysis of relativistic heavy-ion reactions. Direct fragmentation and hard-scattering processes. Applied to $α ({}^{12}C, p x)$ . Scaling variable. Nuclear momentum distribution and nuclear structure function.

Spectroscopy of neutron-rich nuclei produced in ${}^{14}C$ induced reactions on ${}^{48}{Ca}$

Wolfgang Mayer, K. E. Rehm, H. J. Körner, Waltraut Mayer, E. Müller, I. Oelrich, H. J. Scheerer, R. E. Segel, P. Sperr, and W. Wagner

Phys. Rev. C 22, 2449 (1980) - Published 1 December, 1980

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Mass excess values and energies of excited states were determined for the neutron-rich nuclei ${}^{46}{Ar}$ and ${}^{48}K$ and tentatively for ${}^{51}{Ca}$ by use of ${}^{14}C$ induced transfer reactions on ${}^{48}{Ca}$ .

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{42}{Ca}$ ( ${}^{14}C$ , ${}^{16}O$ ) ${}^{40}{Ar}$ , ${}^{48}{Ca}$ ( ${}^{14}C$ , ${}^{16}O$ ) ${}^{46}{Ar}$ , ${}^{42}{Ca}$ ( ${}^{14}C$ , ${}^{14}N$ ) ${}^{42}K$ , ${}^{48}{Ca}$ ( ${}^{14}C$ , ${}^{14}N$ ) ${}^{48}K$ , ${}^{48}{Ca}$ ( ${}^{14}C$ , ${}^{11}C$ ) ${}^{51}{Ca}$ ; $E = 67, 75, and 78$ MeV; measured mass excess values and excited states in ${}^{46}{Ar}$ , ${}^{48}K$ , ${}^{51}{Ca}$ ; enriched targets.

Production of neutron-excess nuclei in ${}^{56}{Fe}$ -induced reactions

H. Breuer, K. L. Wolf, B. G. Glagola, K. K. Kwiatkowski, A. C. Mignerey, V. E. Viola, W. W. Wilcke, W. U. Schröder, J. R. Huizenga, D. Hilscher, and J. Birkelund

Phys. Rev. C 22, 2454 (1980) - Published 1 December, 1980

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The observation of new neutron-rich isotopes of ${}^{52 - 53}{Sc}$ , ${}^{54 - 55}{Ti}$ , ${}^{56}V$ , and ${}^{58 - 59}{Cr}$ produced in damped collisions of 8.3 MeV/u ${}^{56}{Fe}$ ions with ${}^{238}U$ and ${}^{209}{Bi}$ is reported. Tentative identification for ${}^{56}{Ti}$ , ${}^{57 - 58}V$ , ${}^{60}{Cr}$ , ${}^{61}{Mn}$ , and ${}^{63}{Fe}$ is also presented.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{238}U$ ( ${}^{56}{Fe}$ , HI), $E = 8.3$ MeV/u; nuclide identification and $σ$ measurement for ${}^{52 - 53}{Sc}$ , ${}^{54 - 55}{Ti}$ , ${}^{56}V$ , and ${}^{58 - 59}{Cr}$ ; tentative for ${}^{56}{Ti}$ , ${}^{57 - 58}V$ , ${}^{60}{Cr}$ , ${}^{61}{Mn}$ , and ${}^{63}{Fe}$ .

Adiabatic treatment of medium-energy composite-projectile reaction cross sections

Hidetoshi Nishioka and Ronald C. Johnson

Phys. Rev. C 22, 2457 (1980) - Published 1 December, 1980

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A semiclassical calculation is made of the total reaction cross sections for composite projectiles ( $d$ and $α$ ) on ${}^{12}C$ , ${}^{16}O$ , and ${}^{40}{Ca}$ target nuclei at medium energy ( $250 ≲ \frac{E_{c . m .}}{A} ≲ 300$ MeV/nucleon). The internal motion of the nucleons in the projectile is taken into account adiabatically. An effective nuclear radius is obtained which is much smaller than the sum of the sharp-cutoff radii of target and projectile. Contrary to the suggestion of DeVries and Peng, nuclei are found to be less transparent to composite projectiles than to protons.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS Adiabatic effect on the total reaction cross sections of $d$ - and $α$ -projectile collisions; $250 ≲ \frac{E_{c . m .}}{A} ≲ 300$ MeV/nucleon; ${}^{12}C$ , ${}^{16}O$ , ${}^{40}{Ca}$ targets.

Total reaction cross section for ${}^{12}C$ + ${}^{12}C$ in the vicinity of the Coulomb barrier

W. Treu, H. Fröhlich, W. Galster, P. Dück, and H. Voit

Phys. Rev. C 22, 2462 (1980) - Published 1 December, 1980

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The total reaction cross section for ${}^{12}C$ + ${}^{12}C$ has been deduced in the energy range $E_{c . m .} = 5.5 - 12.8$ MeV from elastic angular distributions using the sum-of-differences method. It exhibits as pronounced structures all quasimolecular resonances found in the $α$ -particle exit channel and additional new resonances.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{12}C$ ( ${}^{12}C$ , ${}^{12}C$ ), $E = 5.5 - 12.8$ MeV (c.m.), $Δ E = 25$ keV; measured $σ (θ, E)$ , deduced total reaction cross section and quasimolecular resonances.

Dynamics of Coulomb fission

Hans Kruse, W. T. Pinkston, Walter Greiner, and Volker Oberacker

Phys. Rev. C 22, 2465 (1980) - Published 1 December, 1980

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A general formalism is described for the treatment of Coulomb fission, within the framework of the semiquantal theory. We develop a model for the fission probabilities of levels excited in Coulomb excitation. This model contains penetration of the double-humped fission barrier, competition from gamma and neutron emission, and the spreading of the collective states into noncollective compound states. For ${}_{74}^{184}W$ + ${}_{92}^{238}U$ , the fission probability at $θ_{c . m .} = 180 °$ is increased by a factor of 3.9, 3.3, and 2.0 at $\frac{E}{E_{Coul}} = 0.77, 0.85, and 0.935$ , respectively, compared to the simplified sharp cutoff model used in earlier model calculations. The enhancement comes from barrier penetration. The damping of the fission probability due to spreading into noncollective compound states is small. Prompt Coulomb fission (near the distance of closest approach) is studied in a one-dimensional model. The results clearly imply that prompt fission is negligible. We have also studied the sudden approximation for collective rotational levels in connection with Coulomb fission. At high spins ( $I \approx 20$ ), it leads to significant errors. Contrary to the basic assumption of the sudden approximation that the nuclear symmetry axis remains fixed during the collision, it is shown that Coulomb excitation results in a strong alignment of the nuclear symmetry axis perpendicular to the beam axis at small internuclear distances.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS, FISSION Semiquantal theory of prompt and asymptotic Coulomb fission, study of double-humped barrier penetration, damping effects, neutron and $γ$ emission. Calculated $σ (E_{p}, θ_{c . m .} = 180 °)$ .

Fast neutron induced fission of ${}^{238}U$

S. T. Lam, L. L. Yu, H. W. Fielding, W. K. Dawson, G. C. Neilson, and J. T. Sample

Phys. Rev. C 22, 2485 (1980) - Published 1 December, 1980

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Fission of ${}^{238}U$ was induced by a pulsed beam of monoenergetic fast neutrons. A heavy-ion surface barrier detector was used for the detection of fission fragments. Fragment mass was determined from measured fragment energy and fragment flight time. Fragment-mass distribution and correlation of fragment kinetic energy with fragment mass were obtained for neutron incident energies of 2.0 to 5.2 MeV in steps of approximately 0.5 MeV. Good agreement was found between the statistical model calculation and measured fragment mass distribution for excitation energies of the fissioning compound nucleus above the fission barrier; below the fission barrier, the calculated peak-to-valley ratio was significantly larger than the experimental value.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS, FISSION ${}^{238}U (n, f)$ , $E_{n} = 2.0 - 5.2$ MeV, natural target; measured fragment-mass distribution and correlation of fragment energy with fragment mass; comparison of fragment-mass distribution with statistical model calculation.

Theory of coupled $π A - A$ systems

Y. Avishai and T. Mizutani

Phys. Rev. C 22, 2492 (1980) - Published 1 December, 1980

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The pion nucleus many body problem is systematically treated and formally solved. The theory is demonstrated for the pion three nucleon system, where we present a set of integral equations (with connected kernel) for the physical amplitudes describing elastic, absorption, and production reactions. The effects of true pion absorption on elastic processes as well as inelastic (pion production) channels in three nucleon scattering are exposed in lowest order.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS Pion nucleus reactions, three nucleon scattering, true pion absorption, formal theory of scattering, exact solution, connected equations.

Limitations of pion charge exchange calculations using isospin identities

William J. Gerace, Morton M. Sternheim, Kwang-Bock Yoo, and David A. Sparrow

Phys. Rev. C 22, 2497 (1980) - Published 1 December, 1980

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In isospin-conserving theories, pion single and double charge exchange scattering to analog states can be calculated from elastic amplitudes with simple isospin identities. It is shown that elastic amplitudes found by neglecting couplings from the elastic channel and back again cannot be used in these identities without introducing large errors in the total cross sections at some energies. However, the angular shapes are dominated by geometric effects, and are correctly predicted.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS Pion single and double charge exchange scattering calculations. Limitations on use of approximate elastic amplitudes.

Seagull terms in the Low equation for $π {}^{2}H \to NN$

Roger H. Hackman

Phys. Rev. C 22, 2502 (1980) - Published 1 December, 1980

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We derive a form for the seagull terms in the Low equation for $π {}^{2}H \to NN$ which permits a Hamiltonian-independent evaluation. Our results disagree with previous interpretations of these equal-time commutators.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS $π N N - N N$ , study of seagull terms in Low equation, role in antisymmetrization and double counting.

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Recent Articles

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$g$ -shell admixtures and the ${}^{19}F ({}^{3}{He}, d) {}^{20}{Ne}^{*} (4^{+})$ reaction

Iterative solution of multichannel three-body equations

Electromagnetic properties of the deuteron and the Bethe-Salpeter equation with one-boson exchange

Electromagnetic properties of the low-lying states in heavy ( $A ≃ 190$ ) transitional nuclei

Absolute ( $γ, p_{0}$ ) and ( $γ, p_{1}$ ) cross sections and angular distributions for the closed-neutron shell nucleus ${}^{89}Y$

Coulomb level shifts by a complex Yamaguchi potential

Alpha particle capture through the giant electric resonances in ${}^{90}{Zr}$

Lifetimes of rotational states in ${}^{154}{Sm}$

Coulomb-excitation studies of ${}^{70}{Ge}$ , ${}^{72}{Ge}$ , ${}^{74}{Ge}$ , and ${}^{76}{Ge}$

Deeply inelastic collisions and fusion in the ${}^{20}{Ne}$ + ${}^{40}{Ca}$ system

Direct fragmentation and hard-scattering processes in relativistic heavy-ion reactions

Spectroscopy of neutron-rich nuclei produced in ${}^{14}C$ induced reactions on ${}^{48}{Ca}$

Production of neutron-excess nuclei in ${}^{56}{Fe}$ -induced reactions

Adiabatic treatment of medium-energy composite-projectile reaction cross sections

Total reaction cross section for ${}^{12}C$ + ${}^{12}C$ in the vicinity of the Coulomb barrier

Dynamics of Coulomb fission

Fast neutron induced fission of ${}^{238}U$

Theory of coupled $π A - A$ systems

Limitations of pion charge exchange calculations using isospin identities

Seagull terms in the Low equation for $π {}^{2}H \to NN$

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