Recent Articles

Fissionlike component in the ${}^{32}S$ + ${}^{76}{Ge}$ reaction

G. Guillaume, J. P. Coffin, F. Rami, P. Engelstein, B. Heusch, P. Wagner, P. Fintz, J. Barrette, and H. E. Wegner

Phys. Rev. C 26, 2458 (1982) - Published 1 December, 1982

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The underlying reaction mechanisms for the dissipative fissionlike process in the ${}^{32}S$ + ${}^{76}{Ge}$ reaction have been studied between 108 and 225 MeV of incident ${}^{32}S$ . The essential characteristics of the $A > 44$ relaxed reaction products have been investigated by means of a time-of-flight spectrometer. The excitation functions for reaction, evaporation residue, fissionlike, and fusion cross sections were determined. Arguments in favor of an intermediate timewise mechanism between compound nucleus formation and deep inelastic collisions are presented.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{32}S$ + ${}^{76}{Ge}$ ; $\frac{E}{A} = 3.4 - 7.0$ MeV/nucleon; measurement of mass and energy distributions of fissionlike fragments; excitation functions of $σ_{elastic}$ , $σ_{residue}$ , $σ_{fission}$ , and $σ_{fusion}$ ; compound nucleus formation and intermediate dissipative mechanism. Enriched target.

Reactions of ${}^{20}{Ne}$ with ${}^{12}C$

D. Shapira, J. L. C. Ford, Jr., and J. Gomez del Campo

Phys. Rev. C 26, 2470 (1982) - Published 1 December, 1982

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All reaction products with $Z \geq 5$ emitted from the bombardment of ${}^{12}C$ by ${}^{20}{Ne}$ beams with incident energies between 54 and 80 MeV have been measured over a wide range of exit energies and angles. The quasielastic, strongly damped, and complete fusion processes were studied. At forward angles both the elastic and inelastic data show the effect of strong volume absorption. At larger angles the paucity in open direct channels manifests itself by a resonantlike behavior of the excitation functions for all outgoing channels reminiscent to that observed for ${}^{16}O$ + ${}^{16}O$ . The energy dependence of the cross section for complete fusion also shows structure, but the average magnitude of the ${}^{20}{Ne}$ + ${}^{12}C$ fusion cross section is 1100 mb compared to 900 mb for ${}^{16}O$ + ${}^{16}O$ . At backward angles the ${}^{20}{Ne}$ + ${}^{12}C$ quasielastic angular distribution and excitation functions show the same characteristics seen in heavier systems (e.g., ${}^{28}{Si}$ + ${}^{12}C$ ). However, a much larger yield exists for transitions to high excitation energies (large negative $Q$ values). This strongly damped process has a large cross section and shows all the characteristics of a long lived orbiting ${}^{20}{Ne}$ + ${}^{12}C$ dinuclear system.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{20}{Ne}$ + ${}^{12}C$ , $E_{lab} = 54 - 81$ MeV: measured forward and backward angle elastic and inelastic scattering, measured reaction products for $Z \geq 5$ at forward angles; measured $σ (θ)$ ; strong absorption DWBA and Monte Carlo statistical model calculations.

Effect of the $α$ -transfer reaction on the elastic scattering of ${}^{12}C$ + ${}^{24}{Mg}$

R. Lichtenthaler, Jr., A. Lépine-Szily, A. C. C. Villari, W. Mittig, V. J. G. Porto, and C. V. Acquadro

Phys. Rev. C 26, 2487 (1982) - Published 1 December, 1982

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Angular distribution of the elastic scattering ${}^{24}{Mg}$ ( ${}^{12}C$ , ${}^{12}C$ ) ${}^{24}{Mg}$ and of the ${}^{24}{Mg}$ ( ${}^{12}C$ , ${}^{16}O$ ) ${}^{20}{Ne}$ transfer reaction have been measured at 40 MeV incident energy, respectively, in the $20 ° \leq θ_{c . m .} \leq 115 °$ and $20 ° \leq θ_{c . m .} \leq 60 °$ angular regions. The elastic scattering and transfer reactions were analyzed with Frahn's closed formalism as well as with optical model calculations. The influence of the two-step $α$ -transfer channel ( ${}^{12}C$ + ${}^{24}{Mg}$ → ${}^{16}O$ + ${}^{20}{Ne}$ → ${}^{12}C$ + ${}^{24}{Mg}$ ) on the elastic scattering was calculated explicitly using the coupled channel extension of the closed formalism. This calculation shows that the coupling between the $α$ transfer and elastic channel can account for the intermediate angle oscillations observed in the elastic scattering angular distributions.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{24}{Mg}$ ( ${}^{12}C$ , ${}^{12}C$ ) ${}^{24}{Mg}$ , ${}^{24}{Mg}$ ( ${}^{12}C$ , ${}^{16}O$ ) ${}^{20}{Ne}$ (g.s.) measured $σ (θ)$ , $E_{lab} = 40$ MeV. Deduced optical model and closedformalism parameters. Calculated effect of $α$ -transfer on elastic scattering.

Systematic analysis of integral kernels in generator coordinate theories for nucleus-nucleus scattering

H. R. Fiebig and W. Timm

Phys. Rev. C 26, 2496 (1982) - Published 1 December, 1982

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The structure of generator coordinate kernels for nucleus-nucleus scattering is analyzed with respect to various particle exchange contributions due to antisymmetrization. This analysis leads to an algorithm for a systematic computation of the kernels, and is suitable for revealing their analytical form. The method may be used as a guideline for computer aided symbolic algebra calculations.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS Classification of GC integral kernels with respect to particle exchange. Systematic computation.

Preequilibrium neutron emission in deep-inelastic collisions of ${}^{86}{Kr}$ on ${}^{166}{Er}$ at 11.9 MeV/nucleon

I. Tserruya, A. Breskin, R. Chechik, Z. Fraenkel, S. Wald, N. Zwang, R. Bock, M. Dakowski, A. Gobbi, H. Sann, R. Bass, G. Kreyling, R. Renfordt, K. Stelzer, and U. Arlt

Phys. Rev. C 26, 2509 (1982) - Published 1 December, 1982

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Neutrons emitted in the deep inelastic collisions of ${}^{86}{Kr}$ on ${}^{166}{Er}$ at 11.9 MeV/nucleon, were measured in coincidence with both fragments. The velocity and angular distributions of the neutrons cannot be accounted for by assuming only isotropic evaporation from the fully accelerated fragments. The experimental analysis shows the presence of a preequilibrium component of neutrons emitted mainly on the side of the light fragments in quasielastic events, and on the side of the heavy fragments in strongly damped events. The qualitative features of the data are reproduced by a simple model which assumes that ∼ 10% of the neutrons are knocked out at an early stage of the collision along the direction of the nuclear motion. Except for the preequilibrium component the neutron multiplicities are in good agreement with the predictions of evaporation model calculations.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{166}{Er} ({}^{86}{Kr}, A_{L}) A_{H}$ , $E_{lab} = 1.02$ GeV; $35 \leq A_{L} \leq 126$ , $θ_{lab} = 6 ° - 28 °$ ; $E_{n}$ , $θ_{n}$ , $φ_{n}$ in coincidence with fragments; deduced c.m. neutron energy spectra, neutron multiplicities; evidence for preequilibrium neutron emission.

Differential cross section for $n - p$ elastic scattering in the angular range $51 ° < θ^{*} < 180 °$ at 647.5 MeV

M. L. Evans, G. Glass, J. C. Hiebert, Mahavir Jain, R. A. Kenefick, L. C. Northcliffe, B. E. Bonner, J. E. Simmons, C. W. Bjork, P. J. Riley, H. C. Bryant, C. G. Cassapakis, B. Dieterle, C. P. Leavitt, D. M. Wolfe, and D. W. Werren

Phys. Rev. C 26, 2525 (1982) - Published 1 December, 1982

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The $n - p$ elastic differential cross section in the angular range $51 ° < θ^{*} < 180 °$ at 647.5 MeV has been measured with high statistical precision, good relative accuracy, and absolute normalization of 7% estimated accuracy (based on the observed yield of deuterons from $np \to d π^{0}$ ). A monoenergetic neutron beam bombarded a liquid hydrogen target, and the protons and deuterons ejected from the target were detected by a multiwire proportional chamber spectrometer which measured their momentum, angle, and mass. The results resolve discrepancies between previous measurements of this observable, and are in reasonable agreement with Saclay data at large angles, and with a phase shift fit. Evidence for accuracy of the shape of the angular distribution is provided by the good value obtained for the pion-nucleon coupling constant ( $f^{2} = 0.0759 \pm 0.0030$ ) when the pole-extrapolation method of Chew is used to extract $f^{2}$ from this shape.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{1}H (n, p) n$ , $T_{n} = 674.5$ MeV; measured $\frac{d σ}{d Ω^{*}}$ vs $θ^{*}$ for $51 ° < θ^{*} < 180 °$ .

Threshold region photoproduction of neutral $π$ mesons off complex nuclei

G. W. Dodson, E. C. Booth, F. L. Milder, B. E. Parad, B. L. Roberts, D. R. Tieger, and J. Comuzzi

Phys. Rev. C 26, 2548 (1982) - Published 1 December, 1982

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Photoproduction of $π^{0}$ mesons off targets of ${}^{6}{Li}$ , ${}^{12}C$ , ${}^{28}{Si}$ , ${}^{40}{Ca}$ , natural Cd, and natural Pb was studied using a bremsstrahlung beam with endpoint energies of 140, 145, 150, and 155 MeV. Photoproduction from a liquid hydrogen target was employed as a normalization. The measured yields were found to be in disagreement with published theoretical cross sections for ${}^{6}{Li} (γ, π^{0}) {}^{6}{Li}$ and also in disagreement with a simple schematic model which assumed only coherent contributions from the $M_{1 +}$ multipole. The schematic model, however, did approximately predict the relative magnitudes of the yield curves for the energy range 14-20 MeV over threshold.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{6}{Li}$ , ${}^{12}C$ , ${}^{28}{Si}$ , ${}^{40}{Ca}$ , Cd, Pb, ( $γ, π^{0}$ ); $E_{γ} = 140 - 155$ MeV; measured $σ$ ; test of reaction model.

$π^{+}$ photoproduction from ${}^{13}C$

J. LeRose, K. Min, D. Rowley, B. O. Sapp, P. Stoler, P. -K. Teng, E. J. Winhold, P. F. Yergin, A. M. Bernstein, K. I. Blomqvist, H. S. Caplan, S. A. Dytman, G. Franklin, M. Pauli, K. Shoda, and M. Yamazaki

Phys. Rev. C 26, 2554 (1982) - Published 1 December, 1982

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Differential cross section measurements were made for ${}^{13}C (γ, π^{+}) {}^{13}B (g . s .)$ at 90° (lab) for pion energies of 18, 29, and 42 MeV, and for ${}^{13}C (γ, π^{+}) {}^{13}B$ ( $E_{x} = 3.5$ MeV) at 42 MeV. The ground-state results are compared to several distorted-wave impulse approximation calculations and to Helm model calculations. There are significant discrepancies between experiment and theory and among the theoretical results.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{13}C (γ, π^{+}) {}^{13}B$ ( $E_{x} = 0, 3.5$ MeV), $θ_{π} = 90 °$ (lab), $E_{π} = 18$ , 29, 42 MeV, measured $\frac{d σ}{d Ω}$ , compared with DWIA calculations.

${}^{12}C (π, π^{'})$ to giant dipole resonance region

C. Fred Moore, Carol J. Harvey, Christopher L. Morris, William B. Cottingame, Steven J. Greene, D. B. Holtkamp, and H. T. Fortune

Phys. Rev. C 26, 2561 (1982) - Published 1 December, 1982

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Strong forward-angle excitation of a group of states at 20-28 MeV in ${}^{12}C (π, π^{'})$ is dominated by the isovector giant dipole resonance but seems to indicate, in addition, substantial spin-flip strength.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}^{12}C (π^{\pm}, π^{\pm'})$ , $T_{π} = 180$ MeV, measured $σ (E_{π}, θ)$ , evidence for GDR and spin-flip giant resonance excitation.

Cross section for $C (α, X) {}^{11}C$ at 0.64--2.8 GeV

J. R. Radin, H. Quechon, G. M. Raisbeck, and F. Yiou

Phys. Rev. C 26, 2565 (1982) - Published 1 December, 1982

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The absolute cross section for the reaction $C (α, X) {}^{11}C$ has been measured from 0.64 to 2.8 GeV using a counter telescope to determine the alpha flux and a plastic scintillator target to determine the ${}^{11}C$ activity. The results are 55.6±2.2 mb (0.64 GeV), 49.2±1.9 mb (1.2 GeV), 44.1±1.8 mb (2.0 GeV), and 42.0±1.7 mb (2.8 GeV).

NUCLEAR REACTIONS $C (α, X) {}^{11}C$ , $E = 0.64$ , 1.2, 2.0, 2.8 GeV; measured absolute cross section.

Pion production and charged-particle multiplicity selection in relativistic nuclear collisions

K. L. Wolf, H. H. Gutbrod, W. G. Meyer, A. M. Poskanzer, A. Sandoval, R. Stock, J. Gosset, J. -C. Jourdain, C. H. King, G. King, Nguyen Van Sen, and G. D. Westfall

Phys. Rev. C 26, 2572 (1982) - Published 1 December, 1982

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Spectra of positive pions with energies of 15-95 MeV were measured for high energy proton, ${}^{4}{He}$ , ${}^{20}{Ne}$ , and ${}^{40}{Ar}$ bombardments of targets of ${}^{27}{Al}$ , ${}^{40}{Ca}$ , ${}^{107, 109}{Ag}$ , ${}^{197}{Au}$ , and ${}^{238}U$ . A Si-Ge telescope was used to identify charged pions by $\frac{dE}{dx} - E$ and, in addition, stopped $π^{+}$ were tagged by the subsequent muon decay. In all, results for 14 target-projectile combinations are presented to study the dependence of pion emission patterns on the bombarding energy (from $\frac{E}{A} = 0.25 to 2.1$ GeV) and on the target and the projectile masses. In addition, associated charged-particle multiplicities were measured in an 80-paddle array of plastic scintillators, and used to make impact parameter selections on the pion-inclusive data.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS $U ({}^{20}{Ne}, π^{+})$ , $\frac{E}{A} = 250$ MeV; $U ({}^{40}{Ar}, π^{+})$ , $Ca ({}^{40}{Ar}, π^{+})$ , $U ({}^{20}{Ne}, π^{+})$ , $Au ({}^{20}{Ne}, π^{+})$ , $Ag ({}^{20}{Ne}, π^{+})$ , $Al ({}^{20}{Ne}, π^{+})$ , $U ({}^{4}{He}, π^{+})$ , $Al ({}^{4}{He}, π^{+})$ . $\frac{E}{A} = 400$ MeV; $Ca ({}^{40}{Ar}, π^{+})$ , $U ({}^{20}{Ne}, π^{+})$ , $U ({}^{4}{He}, π^{+})$ , $U (p, π^{+})$ , $\frac{E}{A} = 1.05$ ), GeV; $U ({}^{20}{Ne}, π^{+})$ , $\frac{E}{A} = 2.1$ GeV; measured $σ (E, θ)$ , inclusive and selected on associated charged-particle multiplicity.

Decay of ${}^{90}{Nb}$

E. K. Warburton and D. E. Alburger

Phys. Rev. C 26, 2595 (1982) - Published 1 December, 1982

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The $\frac{β^{+}}{EC}$ decay of 14.6 h ${}^{90}{Nb}$ was investigated by Ge(Li) $γ$ spectroscopy. Precision energy measurements (±≤ 10 eV) were made on prominent $γ$ transitions. Gamma intensities were measured with an escape-suppression $γ$ spectrometer, and $γ γ (t)$ measurements were made with two Ge(Li) detectors. A consistent set of $γ$ energies and intensities is presented such that ${}^{90}{Nb}$ should be a useful $γ$ energy and intensity standard. The import of the ${}^{90}{Nb}$ decay scheme on our understanding of the ${}^{90}{Zr}$ level structure is discussed.

RADIOACTIVITY ${}^{90}{Nb}$ [from ${}^{90}{Zr} (p, n)$ ]; measured $E_{γ}$ , $I_{γ}$ , $γ γ$ coinc; deduced $log ft$ ${}^{90}{Zr}$ deduced levels, $J$ , $π$ , $γ$ branchings. Ge(Li), anti-Compton detectors, natural targets.

Quasicontinuum properties of $M 1$ spectra in the particle-rotor model

Yong-shou Chen and G. A. Leander

Phys. Rev. C 26, 2607 (1982) - Published 1 December, 1982

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The low-energy $M 1$ component that can be observed in quasicontinuum $γ$ -ray spectra from heavy-ion reactions is studied within the core-quasiparticle model. Inclusive one-quasiparticle calculations for sequences of isotopes and isotones indicate how the $M 1$ "bumps" vary depending on the structure of the nucleus. Application of the results to higher spins and even-even nuclei is possible on the basis of a spectator quasiparticle hypothesis, which is seen to be adequate qualitatively but not quantitatively.

NUCLEAR STRUCTURE Calculated $M 1$ quasicontinuum $γ$ -ray spectra, deduced dependences on particle and quasiparticle number. Core-quasiparticle coupling models.

Padé phenomenology for two-body bound states

K. Hartt

Phys. Rev. C 26, 2616 (1982) - Published 1 December, 1982

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Padé approximants in the squared momentum variable, recently used for elastic scattering, are employed in generating accurate analytic approximants for bound states. Through iteration, [ $\frac{L}{L + 1}$ ] approximants yield the lowest eigenstate of the homogeneous Lippmann-Schwinger equation for Yukawa, Malfliet-Tjon, and Reid soft core central potentials with, respectively, $L = 1, 2, and 3$ . Higher eigenstates are readily obtained; the second is given for the Yukawa potential. Analytic separable expansions and scattering expressions result.

NUCLEAR STRUCTURE Padé approximants in $k^{2}$ , analytic two-body bound states, separable expansions, effective range parameters.

Infinite-rank separable expansion for the three-body $T$ matrix at energies in the continuous spectrum region

Yoshiko Matsui

Phys. Rev. C 26, 2620 (1982) - Published 1 December, 1982

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A method for expanding a three-particle $T$ matrix at energies above the two-particle threshold as an infinite series of separable terms, based on the Schmidt theorem, is presented. The Yamaguchi-type separable potential is assumed for the two-nucleon interaction. The application of this expansion to the calculation of a four-body resonance is studied by giving a numerical example. The convergence of the Schmidt expansion is comparable to that of the Hilbert-Schmidt expansion at energies below the two-particle threshold.

NUCLEAR STRUCTURE Method for calculating a three-particle $T$ matrix, with an example.

Renormalization of the forbidden beta transitions and giant forbidden beta resonances

H. Ejiri

Phys. Rev. C 26, 2628 (1982) - Published 1 December, 1982

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Experimental renormalization factors $\frac{g_{α}^{eff}}{g_{α}}$ for first forbidden $β$ transitions and experimental energies $E_{α}^{GR}$ for isovector mode giant resonances with $Δ l = 1$ are discussed in terms of the effective spin isospin interactions. Simple analytical forms for the $\frac{g_{α}^{eff}}{g_{α}}$ and the $E_{α}^{GR}$ are given. The observed values $\frac{g_{τ}^{eff}}{g_{τ}} ≃ 0.3$ for the vector transitions are consistent with the expectation based on such isospin interaction $χ_{τ}$ as to reproduce the observed $E_{α}^{GR}$ for $E 1$ $γ$ giant resonances. The values $E_{α}^{GR}$ for the $Δ l = 1$ giant resonances observed in ( $p, n$ ) reactions are consistent with the value for the axial mode based on the spin isospin interaction $χ_{τ σ}$ similar to that of the Gamow-Teller resonance energy. Precise comparison of the observed $\frac{g_{τ σ}^{eff}}{g_{τ σ}}$ and the $E_{τ σ}^{GR}$ ( $p, n Δ l = 1$ ), however, revealed some finite inconsistency, indicating some $Δ (1232)$ isobar effect and the tensor interaction effect.

NUCLEAR STRUCTURE Comparison of experimental data for first forbidden $β$ decay matrix elements and associated ( $p, n$ ) giant resonance energies. Schematic model and RPA analysis for spin isospin collective modes.

Microscopic model for the isospin fragmentation of the dipole mode

Renzo Leonardi, Enrico Lipparini, and Sandro Stringari

Phys. Rev. C 26, 2636 (1982) - Published 1 December, 1982

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We use a microscopic approach to derive a schematic Hamiltonian for studying the strengths and the energies of the three components ( $Δ T_{3} = \pm 1, 0$ ) of the dipole excitation. Explicit formulas within the random phase approximation accuracy are given for energies and strengths. A significant isotensor contribution to the isospin splittings is found in agreement with recent experimental data.

NUCLEAR STRUCTURE Calculated isospin splittings $Δ E^{+}$ , $Δ E^{-}$ . Random phase approximation with a schematic force.

Multiphonon theory: Generalized Wick's theorem and recursion formulas

B. Silvestre-Brac and R. Piepenbring

Phys. Rev. C 26, 2640 (1982) - Published 1 December, 1982

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Overlaps and matrix elements of one- and two-body operators are calculated in a space spanned by multiphonons of different types taking the Pauli principle properly into account. Two methods are developed: a generalized Wick's theorem dealing with new contractions and recursion formulas well suited for numerical applications.

NUCLEAR STRUCTURE Multiphonon theory. Generalized Wick's theorem. Recursion formulas for calculation of overlaps and matrix elements of one- and two-body operators. Illustrative examples.

Identification and decay of ${}^{84}{Zr}$

S. K. Saha, P. E. Haustein, D. E. Alburger, C. J. Lister, J. W. Olness, R. A. Dewberry, and R. A. Naumann

Phys. Rev. C 26, 2654 (1982) - Published 1 December, 1982

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The helium-jet recoil transfer technique has been used to study the decay of ${}^{84}{Zr}$ produced by the ${}^{58}{Ni} ({}^{28}{Si}, 2 p)$ reaction. Isotopic identification was based on excitation functions, $x - y$ coincidences as well as genetic relationships. The half-life of ${}^{84}{Zr}$ was found to be 27.6±0.9 min. Previously reported half-lives of ${}^{84}{Zr}$ varied from 3.7 to 16 min.

RADIOACTIVITY ${}^{84}{Zr}$ from ${}^{58}{Ni} ({}^{28}{Si}, 2 p)$ and ${}^{58}{Ni} ({}^{29}{Si}, 2 p n)$ ; measured $E_{γ}$ , $I_{γ}$ , $T_{\frac{1}{2}}$ , ( $γ - γ$ ), ( $x - y$ ) coincidences; deduced $T_{\frac{1}{2}}$ ; He-jet system, enriched targets, Ge(Li), and Ge detectors.

Inner bremsstrahlung spectrum of ${}^{90}{Sr}$ and ${}^{90}Y$ in equilibrium

F. T. Avignone, III and W. C. Barker

Phys. Rev. C 26, 2658 (1982) - Published 1 December, 1982

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The shape of the inner bremsstrahlung spectrum accompanying the $β$ decay of ${}^{90}Y$ was previously reported by Narayana et al. as being very anomalous. We have remeasured this spectrum using a source of ${}^{90}{Sr}$ in secular equilibrium with ${}^{90}Y$ . The instrumentally distorted spectrum was predicted using the formulas of Ford and Martin in conjunction with a detailed Monte Carlo calculation of the detector response. The spectrometer was a low-background, well collimated 7.62 cm by 7.62 cm NaI(T1) detector, shielded by lead. The geometry was chosen to minimize distortions due to external bremsstrahlung from stopping the $β$ particles. The results are in good agreement with the theoretically calculated spectrum, with detour transitions, when the theoretical spectrum is convoluted with the calculated detector response function.

RADIOACTIVITY ${}^{90}{Sr}$ , ${}^{90}Y$ : $β$ decay: measured inner bremsstrahlung.

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Recent Issues

Fissionlike component in the ${}^{32}S$ + ${}^{76}{Ge}$ reaction

Reactions of ${}^{20}{Ne}$ with ${}^{12}C$

Effect of the $α$ -transfer reaction on the elastic scattering of ${}^{12}C$ + ${}^{24}{Mg}$

Systematic analysis of integral kernels in generator coordinate theories for nucleus-nucleus scattering

Preequilibrium neutron emission in deep-inelastic collisions of ${}^{86}{Kr}$ on ${}^{166}{Er}$ at 11.9 MeV/nucleon

Differential cross section for $n - p$ elastic scattering in the angular range $51 ° < θ^{*} < 180 °$ at 647.5 MeV

Threshold region photoproduction of neutral $π$ mesons off complex nuclei

$π^{+}$ photoproduction from ${}^{13}C$

${}^{12}C (π, π^{'})$ to giant dipole resonance region

Cross section for $C (α, X) {}^{11}C$ at 0.64--2.8 GeV

Pion production and charged-particle multiplicity selection in relativistic nuclear collisions

Decay of ${}^{90}{Nb}$

Quasicontinuum properties of $M 1$ spectra in the particle-rotor model

Padé phenomenology for two-body bound states

Infinite-rank separable expansion for the three-body $T$ matrix at energies in the continuous spectrum region

Renormalization of the forbidden beta transitions and giant forbidden beta resonances

Microscopic model for the isospin fragmentation of the dipole mode

Multiphonon theory: Generalized Wick's theorem and recursion formulas

Identification and decay of ${}^{84}{Zr}$

Inner bremsstrahlung spectrum of ${}^{90}{Sr}$ and ${}^{90}Y$ in equilibrium

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