We compile the results of analyses, based upon the potential barrier penetration model, of fusion cross-section measurements at "high" energies (those on the high-energy side of the bend in the ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{fus}}$ vs $\frac{1}{E_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.\mathrm{}}}$ plot). A systematic correlation between the critical radius $R_{\mathrm{cr}}$ and the potential $V_{\mathrm{cr}}$ at that radius is demonstrated. These results provide information about the nucleus-nucleus potential at smaller distances than is usually available from scattering and "low" energy fusion measurements. For some systems, nuclear potential depths of as much as - 110 MeV are implied.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS Review of fusion cross sections for heavy-ion systems. Systematic effects extracted and discussed in terms of nucleus-nucleus potential.

Dyson boson mapping is used to derive the deformed boson from the Nilsson Hamiltonian. Single $j$-shell Nilsson model with pairing interaction is treated as an example. A general method of reconstructing bosons with definite angular momentum is outlined.

NUCLEAR STRUCTURE Deformed boson mapping, interacting boson model.

The neutron-deficient $1g_{\frac{9}{2}}$-shell nuclei are studied in the framework of the shell model with the ${(1\mathrm{}{g}_{\frac{9}{2}}, 2p_{\frac{1}{2}})}^{-n}$ configuration. Several "spin-gap" isomers with a half-life of an order of a second are predicted in ${}_{}{}^{95}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pd}$, ${}_{}{}^{95}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ag}$, ${}_{}{}^{96}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Cd}$, and ${}_{}{}^{97}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Cd}$. Among them, the $J={\frac{21}{2}}^{+}$ state in ${}_{}{}^{95}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pd}$ is predicted to be an isomer which corresponds to ${}_{}{}^{95}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pd}_{}^m{}_{}{}^{}$ recently observed by Nolte and Hick. It is also shown that the high-spin isomers above the proton threshold are rather stable against the proton emission.

NUCLEAR STRUCTURE ${}_{}{}^{95}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pd}$, ${}_{}{}^{95}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ag}$, ${}_{}{}^{96}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Cd}$, ${}_{}{}^{97}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Cd}$; calculated levels, lifetime; $1g_{\frac{9}{2}}-2\mathrm{}{p}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ shell model; predicted long-lived isomers with high spin.

The recent suggestion that the effects of a $D$-state component of the $\alpha$ particle are being seen in (d,$\alpha$) reaction tensor analyzing power data is reexamined using exact finite range distorted-wave Born approximation calculations. Results for ${}_{}{}^{32}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{S}(\mathrm{d}, \alpha ){}_{}{}^{30}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{P}(\mathrm{g}.\mathrm{s}.\mathrm{})$, at $E=16\mathrm{}$ MeV, are at considerable variance with two-nucleon-core relative motion amplitudes derived from shell model calculations.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS Polarization ${}_{}{}^{32}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{S}$, ${}_{}{}^{36,38}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ar}(\overrightarrow{\mathrm{d}}, \alpha )$, $E=16\mathrm{}$ MeV; calculated $A_{\mathrm{xx}}$, $A_{\mathrm{yy}}$; studied $\alpha$ particle $D$-state effects.

Cross section and analyzing power measurements are presented for ${}_{}{}^{12}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$(p,p') inelastic scattering to the first excited $2^{+}$ state at $E_x=4.44\mathrm{}$ MeV in ${}_{}{}^{12}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$ at bombarding energies of 122, 160, and 200 MeV. The angular range up to ${\theta }_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.\mathrm{}}=156\mathrm{}°$, corresponding to a momentum transfer of ∼1100 MeV/c, was measured. An analysis using the distorted-wave $t$-matrix approximation with density dependent interactions has been carried out. Calculations using different representations of the effective $t$ matrix demonstrate that measurements at large momentum transfer are sensitive to the off-shell behavior of the interaction. We find, however, that other input parameters to the model, such as distorting potentials or transition densities, are also important.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}_{}{}^{12}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$${\mathrm{}(\mathrm{p},\mathrm{p}\text{'})\mathrm{}}^{12}$C ($E_x=4.44\mathrm{}$ MeV), $E=122, 160, 200$ MeV, measured $\sigma (E, \theta )$, $A(E, \theta )$, $\theta =6\mathrm{}°-156\mathrm{}°$. DWTA analysis. Density dependent interaction.

We measured neutron time-of-flight spectra from 90 MeV protons and 140 MeV alpha particles bombarding thin targets of Al, Ni, Zr, and Bi at laboratory angles between 20° and 135°. The lowenergy (5 to 45 MeV) portions of the spectra were measured with 5 cm diameter by 5 cm deep NE-213 counters at 1 m flight paths with n-$\gamma$ pulse-shape discrimination. The high-energy (35 to 150 MeV) portions of the spectra were measured with 12.7 cm diameter by 10.2 cm deep NE-102 counters at flight paths of 2.0 to 5.0 m. The proton-induced measured neutron spectra reveal three distinct energy regions: a low-energy evaporation region, a high-energy region dominated by the quasifree scattering process, and an intermediate-energy region dominated by multistep, preequilibrium processes. In the latter two regions, the spectra show strong angular dependence. The alpha-particle induced neutron spectra show these same distinct energy regions plus an exponential falloff above the beam energy per nucleon. The neutron spectra are compared with earlier proton spectra produced also by 90 MeV protons and 140 MeV alpha particles. It is observed that the high-energy portions of the forward-angle neutron and proton cross sections are in ratios consistent with the idea that single nucleon-nucleon scattering dominates. For the heavy-mass targets, the low-energy evaporation regions show neutron yields larger than proton yields. The proton-to-neutron ratios observed in the high-energy continua are interpreted with a quasifree calculation fitted simultaneously to the proton and the neutron spectra. Preequilibrium calculations with the exciton model and the hybrid model reproduce the shape of the experimental angle-integrated energy spectra down to lower energies than the quasifree calculations. The exciton model calculations underestimate the magnitudes of the cross sections, while the hybrid model provides better absolute agreement. One of the preequilibrium calculations uses the method of Mantzouranis and Weidenmüller to predict angular distributions; we find that the predicted angular distributions overestimate the neutron yields at forward angles. The intranuclear-cascade model predicts proton-to-neutron ratios much smaller than experimentally observed in the high-energy forward-angle continua.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}_{}{}^{27}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Al}$, ${}_{}{}^{58}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ni}$, ${}_{}{}^{90}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Zr}$, ${}_{}{}^{209}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Bi}$(p,n), ($\alpha$, n), $E_{\mathrm{p}}=90\mathrm{}$ MeV; $E_{\alpha }=140\mathrm{}$ MeV; ${\theta }_L=20\mathrm{}°-135\mathrm{}°$; measured $\frac{d^2\sigma }{d\Omega \mathrm{dE}}$; compared with available experimental proton spectra and with theoretical calculations including PWIA quasifree scattering, preequilibrium exciton, geometry-dependent hybrid, and intranuclear-cascade models.

Elastic scattering of 65 MeV polarized protons from Sm isotopes, ${}_{}{}^{164}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Dy}$, and ${}_{}{}^{172}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Yb}$ has been measured. The volume integrals of the real central part and the spin-orbit part of the optical potential show anomalously low values for deformed nuclei. The origins of these anomalies are discussed.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}_{}{}^{144}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sm}$, ${}_{}{}^{148}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sm}$, ${}_{}{}^{150}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sm}$, ${}_{}{}^{152}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sm}$, ${}_{}{}^{154}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sm}$, ${}_{}{}^{164}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Dy}$, ${}_{}{}^{172}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Yb}$(p,p), ${}_{}{}^{164}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Dy}$(p,p′), $E=65\mathrm{}$ MeV; measured $\sigma \left(\theta \right)$, $A\left(\theta \right)$; deduced optical-model parameters, coupled channel parameters, volume integrals for the real central potential, volume integrals for the real spin-orbit potential.

Inelastic scattering of 134 MeV polarized protons from ${}_{}{}^{154}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sm}$ and ${}_{}{}^{166}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Er}$ has yielded angular distributions of both cross sections and asymmetries for $J^{\pi }=0^{+} \mathrm{to} 6^{+}$ members of the ground state rotational bands. Deformation parameters ${\beta }_2$, ${\beta }_4$, and ${\beta }_6$ have been extracted from an analysis using coupled channels calculations for scattering from a deformed optical potential. The angular distributions of the cross sections have also been compared with an analytic eikonal model of the reaction. Multipole moments of the potential are determined and are compared with similar moments obtained from electromagnetic measurements and other hadron scattering experiments at different energies. A small energy dependence of the moments for ${}_{}{}^{154}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sm}$ is observed. Comparisons are also made to moments obtained from Hartree-Fock calculations and from a liquid drop model. The observed hexadecapole moment of ${}_{}{}^{154}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sm}$ is consistently higher than the theoretical predictions.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}_{}{}^{154}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sm}$(p,p′), ${}_{}{}^{166}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Er}$(p,p′), $E_{\mathrm{p}}=134\mathrm{}$ MeV, polarized beam; enriched targets, magnetic spectrograph (45 keV FWHM): measured $\sigma (E_{{\mathrm{p}}^{\prime }}, \theta )$, $A_y(E_{{\mathrm{p}}^{\prime }}, \theta )$; coupled channels calculations, deduced optical model parameters; comparisons with electromagnetic measurements, (p,p′) and ($\alpha , {\alpha }^{\prime }$) Hartree-Fock and liquid drop calculations.

We report angular distribution measurements of the cross section, the vector analyzing power ($A_y$), and two tensor analyzing powers [$A_{\mathrm{yy}}$ and $X_2=\frac{(2\mathrm{}{A}_{\mathrm{xx}}+A_{\mathrm{yy}})}{\sqrt{3}}$] for the elastic scattering of 79-MeV polarized deuterons from ${}_{}{}^{58}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ni}$. These measurements are compared in detail with folding model calculations that include perturbative corrections for coupling to deuteron breakup channels.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}_{}{}^{58}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ni}(\overrightarrow{\mathrm{d}}, \mathrm{d})$, $E_{\mathrm{d}}=79\mathrm{}$ MeV, measured elastic $\sigma \left(\theta \right)$, and analyzing powers $A_y\left(\theta \right)$, $A_{\mathrm{yy}}\left(\theta \right)$, and $X_2=\frac{\left[2\mathrm{}{A}_{\mathrm{xx}}\right(\theta )+A_{\mathrm{yy}}(\theta \left)\right]}{\sqrt{3}}$; comparison with folding and breakup coupled-channel models.

Twenty levels in ${}_{}{}^{38}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{K}$ up to an excitation energy of 10.26 MeV have been identified in a study of the ${}_{}{}^{40}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ca}(d, \alpha ){}_{}{}^{38}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{K}$ reaction at an incident deuteron energy of 22.8 MeV. Differential cross sections were measured at forty-four angles in an angular range $11°\le \theta \le 165°$. Distorted-wave Born approximation analysis has been performed for eight transitions using two-nucleon spectroscopic amplitudes derived from a full $\mathrm{sd}$ shell-model calculation. For other levels, distorted-wave Born approximation calculations were performed assuming simple two-nucleon configurations. The 7.32-MeV level is found to be populated by $L=0+2\mathrm{}$ transfer and hence has $J^{\pi }=1^{+}$. A newly identified level at 9.88 MeV is found to be excited by $L=2\mathrm{}$ transfer and hence has $J^{\pi }=1^{+}, 2^{+}, or 3^{+}$.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}_{}{}^{40}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ca}(d, \alpha ){}_{}{}^{38}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{K}$, $E_d=22.8\mathrm{}$ MeV, measured $E_{\alpha }$ and $\sigma (\theta , E_{\alpha })$, DWBA analysis, deduced levels, $L$ transfer.

An isochromat of the $E1\mathrm{}$ virtual photon spectrum has been measured by counting the number of ground-state protons emitted by the 16.28 MeV isobaric analog state in ${}_{}{}^{90}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Zr}$ as a function of incident electron energy in the range 17-105 MeV. The experimental results reproduce well the distorted wave Born approximation spectra for a point Zr nucleus for electron energies up to 30 MeV. A radiator was used for electron energies of 60-100 MeV to measure the photodisintegration plus electrodisintegration cross section. These results showed that the Davies-Bethe-Maximon bremsstrahlung cross section magnitude yields the same result as the electrodisintegration results below 30 MeV where size corrections for the finite extent of the nucleus are minimal. As $E_0$ increases to 105 MeV the need for such corrections becomes manifest. Several such corrections are discussed. As byproducts of this study the quantity $\frac{{\Gamma }_{\gamma }{\Gamma }_{p_0}}{\Gamma }$ was determined to be 63.8±1.9 eV or 66.1±2.0 eV depending on the virtual photon spectrum used in analysis. The $\frac{{\Gamma }_{p_2}}{{\Gamma }_{p_0}}$ ratio was also determined to be 0.58±0.02. Combining these results yields for ${\Gamma }_{\gamma }$ 100.8±5.0 eV or 104.4±5.2 eV.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}_{}{}^{90}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Zr}(e, p_0)$, $E=16.28\mathrm{}$ MeV, measured $\sigma (e, p_0)$ vs $E_0$, deduced $\frac{{\Gamma }_{p_0}{\Gamma }_{\gamma }}{\Gamma }$, compared with virtual photon theory. Measured $\frac{{\Gamma }_{p_2}}{{\Gamma }_{p_0}}$, deduced ${\Gamma }_{\gamma }$.

Inelastic scattering of ${}_{}{}^{28}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Si}$ nuclei from ${}_{}{}^{60}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ni}$ to the 2.51 MeV $4^{+}$ and 4.03 MeV $3^{-}$ states in ${}_{}{}^{60}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ni}$ has been measured at 140 MeV incident energy. The angular distributions of the differential cross sections were analyzed in a vibrational scheme using coupled channels. Special attention is paid to the relatively strong coupling of the ${}_{}{}^{60}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ni}$, 1.33 MeV $2^{+}$ and ${}_{}{}^{28}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Si}$, 1.78 MeV $2^{+}$ states to the elastic scattering channel. A discussion in terms of the distorted-wave Born approximation prescriptions of Ascuitto et al. is presented.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}_{}{}^{60}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ni}$(${}_{}{}^{28}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Si}$,${}_{}{}^{28}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Si}$′)${}_{}{}^{60}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ni}$, $E=140\mathrm{}$ MeV; measured $\sigma (E_{\mathrm{Si}}, \theta )$. Coupled channels analysis. Deduced $\beta R$ values.

A simple transparent formalism is presented for following the ensemble averaged evolution of an excited system as it statistically emits particles. The formalism provides spectra and multiplicities for the emitted particles. It permits consideration of large numbers of emitted particle species, including those of medium mass, and a large number of excited states. The time developments of temperature, mass, charge, Coulomb barrier, and recoil velocity are investigated with regard to their influence on multiplicity and spectra. Emission of resonant states is limited to those with decay rates, $\frac{\hslash }{\Gamma }$, slow compared with emission rates which are readily calculable with the formalism.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS Developed ensemble averaged formalism for statistical decay of excited nuclear system. Time evolution of nuclear temperature, mass, charge, Coulomb barrier, recoil velocity; emission of light, medium mass particle stable, unstable composite fragments; multiplicities, energy spectra calculated.

We use the thermodynamic prescription for the production of deuterons and pions for collision of Na on NaF and Ar on KCl. The data suggest that some collective anisotropic flow remains after the collision. A quantitative model based on this idea is developed; further support of the model comes from comparison with cascade calculations.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS Protons, pions, deuterons, collective flow, inclusive cross sections.

Detailed measurements of the angular distribution for the ${}_{}{}^{13}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$+${}_{}{}^{13}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$→${}_{}{}^{12}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$+${}_{}{}^{14}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$ single neutron transfer reaction as a function of bombarding energy from just above the Coulomb barrier to approximately four times the barrier energy are reported. The distorted-wave Born approximation for the transfer process does not reproduce the strong oscillations observed in both the experimental angular distributions and excitation functions, while analyses using a two-pole model for the transfer amplitude indicate significant multistep contributions. We show that the cross section in the 90° region in the center of mass is characteristic of an increased collision delay time and of an effective $Q$ value 1 MeV smaller than the asymptotic observable $Q$ value. Angular distributions calculated using the dynamic two-center shell model of Konnecke et al. also succeed in reproducing the salient features of the data. The present experiment provides evidence for the occurrence of single-particle nuclear molecular behavior in a heavy-ion neutron transfer reaction. Data for the elastic scattering of ${}_{}{}^{13}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$+${}_{}{}^{13}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$ are also presented and analyzed. We conclude that the elastic scattering excitation functions are consistent with the occurrence of orbiting in the dynamic interaction.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}_{}{}^{13}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$(${}_{}{}^{13}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$,${}_{}{}^{12}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$)${}_{}{}^{14}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$ and ${}_{}{}^{13}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$(${}_{}{}^{13}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$,${}_{}{}^{14}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$)${}_{}{}^{12}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$, measured $\sigma (E;\theta )$, $E\left(\mathrm{lab}\right)=16.0-50.0\mathrm{}$ MeV, $\theta \left(\mathrm{lab}\right)=17.8\mathrm{}°-51.4\mathrm{}°$, comparison with DWBA calculations, analysis using two-pole model, interpreted as evidence for reduced effective $Q$ value in the surface region and an increase in the collision delay time compared to values expected for a single step process; ${}_{}{}^{13}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$(${}_{}{}^{13}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$,${}_{}{}^{13}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$)${}_{}{}^{13}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$, measured $\sigma \mathrm{}\left(E\right)\mathrm{}$, $\theta \left(\mathrm{lab}\right)=25\mathrm{}°, 30°, 35°, 40°, 45°$, $E\left(\mathrm{lab}\right)=14.5-71.0\mathrm{}$ MeV, optical model calculations, analysis using one pole model, gross structure oscillations interpreted as a geometrical effect.

Nuclear emulsion data from four experimental groups are now available on the interactions of relativistic anomalous projectile fragments. In the present paper we systematically combine these data together to form several different data sets, which are used to carry out a series of ${\chi }^2$ parameter studies. The anomalous particle fragment component in the relativistic nuclear beam has been characterized previously in terms of the parameters $f$ and $\lambda$, where $f$ is the anomalous particle fragment fraction in the secondary beam and $\lambda$ is the average anomalous particle fragment mean free path in the emulsion. We extend this result here by setting $\lambda ={\lambda }_0{\mathrm{}\left(2Z\right)\mathrm{}}^{-\beta }$, where $Z$ is the nuclear charge of the anomalous particle fragment, so that we can investigate the $Z$ dependence of $\lambda$. We also investigate isotopic effects in the equations used to describe "normal" secondary beam nuclei, and we examine the problem of optimizing the bin sizes used to represent the data. A series of ($f, {\lambda }_0, \beta$) parameter studies leads to the conclusion that the "anomalous particle fragment effect" exists for all $Z$ values in the range $Z=3-26\mathrm{}$ included in the ${\chi }^2$ analyses. These ${\chi }^2$ analyses also indicate that $\beta >0\mathrm{}$, so that the anomalous particle fragment $\lambda \text{'}\mathrm{s}$ are $Z$ dependent, but the data are not sufficient to pin down a definite value of $\beta$. In order to assess the physical content of these results, we define a domain within which nuclear mean free paths can be accounted for by conventional nuclear forces (but not necessarily by conventional nuclear structure). The $Z$-dependent anomalous particle fragment mean free paths lie approximately on the boundary of this domain. To conclude these studies, we use the anomalous particle fragment data sets and ${\chi }^2$ analyses to investigate some proposed theoretical models of anomalous particle fragment structure, and we mention some recent experiments using plastic or propane track detectors rather than nuclear emulsions that also provide evidence for the existence of the "anomalous particle fragment effect." On the basis of the present nuclear emulsion studies, the null hypothesis (the hypothesis of no anomalous particle fragment effect) is rejected by more than seven standard deviations, using either a $Z$-dependent or a pathlength-dependent representation of the data.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS Heavy ion; analysis of anomalous projectile fragment production in emulsions and plastics; $Z$ dependence of mean free paths.

Evidence for a structural similarity of quasimolecular resonances observed in various heavy-ion reactions is presented. Detailed comparison of nuclear rotational bands concerning moments of inertia and band-head energies and of partial and total widths of the corresponding intermediate structures suggests that resonant configurations in different $\mathrm{sd}$-shell nuclei are of a similar molecular type and consist basically of a more or less inert ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$ core surrounded by nucleons or nucleon clusters. A brief discussion of the model predictions and of possible experimental tests is given.

NUCLEAR STRUCTURE Heavy-ion reactions, empirical relations for quasimolecular resonances; deduced structural similarity among resonances.

High-spin states of neutron-deficient ${}_{}{}^{96}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pd}$ up to $J^{\pi }={12}^{+}$ have been studied using the ${}_{}{}^{60}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ni}({}_{}{}^{40}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ca}, 2\mathrm{p}2\mathrm{n}\gamma ){}_{}{}^{96}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pd}$ reaction with 140 MeV ${}_{}{}^{40}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ca}$ ions. The weak ${}_{}{}^{96}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pd}$ transitions were enhanced and identified by means of multiple-particle $\gamma$-ray coincidence techniques. The half-life of the yrast $6^{+}$ state was determined to be 11.7±2.8 ns (0.50 W.u.), in disagreement with a previous measurement, and an additional isomeric half-life of 58±5 ns was detected. Simultaneously, the ${}_{}{}^{60}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ni}({}_{}{}^{40}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ca}, \alpha 2\mathrm{p}\gamma ){}_{}{}^{94}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ru}$ reaction was observed to populate new high-spin states of ${}_{}{}^{94}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ru}$ up to $J\sim 19\hslash$. A cascade of $\gamma$-ray transitions between states of ${}_{}{}^{94}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ru}$ which may involve the excitation of a $g_{\frac{9}{2}}$ neutron was observed.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}_{}{}^{60}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ni}({}_{}{}^{40}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ca}, 2\mathrm{p}2\mathrm{n}\gamma ){}_{}{}^{96}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pd}$, ${}_{}{}^{60}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ni}({}_{}{}^{40}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ca}, \alpha 2\mathrm{p}\gamma ){}_{}{}^{94}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ru}$, $E=120-150\mathrm{}$ MeV, measured ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{rel}}\mathrm{}\left(E\right)\mathrm{}$, $\gamma -\gamma$ coincidence, $\gamma$-p, $\gamma -\alpha$, $\gamma$-n coincidence, n-$\gamma \mathrm{}\left(t\right)\mathrm{}$; ${}_{}{}^{66}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Zn}({}_{}{}^{35}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Cl}, \alpha \mathrm{p}2\mathrm{n}\gamma ){}_{}{}^{94}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ru}$, $E=165\mathrm{}$ MeV, ${}_{}{}^{70}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ge}({}_{}{}^{32}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{S}, \alpha 2\mathrm{p}2\mathrm{n}){}_{}{}^{94}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ru}$, $E=130\mathrm{}$ MeV, measured $W\left(\theta \right)$; ${}_{}{}^{96}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pd}$, ${}_{}{}^{94}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ru}$ deduced levels, $J^{\pi }$, $t_{\frac{1}{2}}$; enriched targets, Ge(Li), Si(SB), NE213 liquid scintillator detectors.

NUCLEAR STRUCTURE ${}_{}{}^{96}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pd}$, ${}_{}{}^{94}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ru}$ shell model calculations of level energies and lifetimes.

The emission of $\alpha$ particles from the deep-inelastic reaction 1354 MeV ${}_{}{}^{165}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ho}$ + ${}_{}{}^{181}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ta}$ has been studied. Alpha particles were detected in coincidence with a projectilelike fragment, both in and out of the reaction plane. Average velocity diagrams, $\alpha$-particle energy spectra as a function of angle, and $\alpha$-particle angular distributions are presented. The in-plane data show that the bulk of the $\alpha$ particles in coincidence with the deep-inelastic exit channel can be explained by evaporation from the fully accelerated fragments. The out-of-plane $\alpha$-particle angular distribution data together with gamma-ray multiplicity data from previous work give a consistent picture of the transfer and partitioning of angular momentum between the two fragments.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}_{}{}^{181}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ta}({}_{}{}^{165}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ho}, \mathrm{HI}\alpha )$$E_{\mathrm{lab}}=1354\mathrm{}$ MeV: measured ${\sigma }_{\alpha }(E_{\alpha }, {\theta }_{\alpha }, {\phi }_{\alpha })$, in- and out-of-plane anisotropies; deduced $\alpha$-particle multiplicity, nuclear temperature.

The time dependent Hartree-Fock approximation is used to study the dynamical formation of long-lived superheavy nuclear complexes. The effects of long-range Coulomb polarization are treated in terms of a classical quadrupole polarization model. Our calculations show the existence of "resonantlike" structures over a narrow range of bombarding energies near the Coulomb barrier. Calculations of ${}_{}{}^{238}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{U}$ + ${}_{}{}^{238}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{U}$ are presented and the consequences of these results for supercritical positron emission are discussed.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}_{}{}^{238}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{U}$ + ${}_{}{}^{238}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{U}$ collisions as a function of bombarding energy, in the time-dependent Hartree-Fock approximation. Superheavy molecules and strongly damped collisions.