The electromagnetic form factors have been measured for the lowest two $T=\frac{3}{2}$ states in ${}_{}{}^9{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Be}$ at 14.393 and 16.976 MeV, the positive-parity state at 17.490 MeV, and a level of previously unknown $J^{\pi }$ at 16.671 MeV. The range of effective momentum transfer is $0.9\le q_e\le 2.5$ ${\mathrm{fm}}^{-1\mathrm{}}$. The data for the $T=\frac{3}{2}$ states show considerable deviation from the results of intermediate-coupling shell-model calculations. In particular, for $q_e\le 1.5$ ${\mathrm{fm}}^{-1\mathrm{}}$, where the $M1\mathrm{}$ multipole dominates, the data lie well above these calculated values. There is some evidence that the state at 16.671 MeV has positive parity. The results of single-particle shell-model and Nilsson-model calculations are compared with the data for this state. The experimental form factor for the 17.490-MeV state can be fitted with single-particle shell-model results in the $2s-1d$ space.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}_{}{}^9{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Be}$(e,e'), sharp states from 14 to 18 MeV; measured form factors at 160°, 140°, $0.9\le q_e\le 2.5$ ${\mathrm{fm}}^{-1\mathrm{}}$; comparison with shell-model and Nilsson-model calculations.

The Doppler shift attenuation method has been used to make two measurements of the mean life of the ${}_{}{}^{11}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Be}$ 320-keV level. The results are 150±30 fs from the ${}_{}{}^9{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Be}(t, \mathrm{p}\gamma ){}_{}{}^{11}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Be}$ reaction and 168±17 fs from the ${}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{H}({}_{}{}^9{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Be}, \mathrm{p}\gamma ){}_{}{}^{11}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Be}$ reaction. The adopted value of 166±15 fs, from the present and previous measurements, corresponds to an extremely strong $E1\mathrm{}$ transition of 0.36±0.03 W.u. The adopted energy of the ground state transition from this and previous measurements is 320.04±0.10 keV. It is shown that the magnitude of this $E1\mathrm{}$ transition can be understood on the basis of shell-model calculations only if realistic single-particle wave functions are used. A similar theoretical treatment is given for strong $E1\mathrm{}$ transitions in ${}_{}{}^9{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Be}$ and ${}_{}{}^{13}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}_{}{}^9{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Be}(t, \mathrm{p}\gamma ){}_{}{}^{11}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Be}$, $E\left(\mathrm{t}\right)=1.5-3.3\mathrm{}$ MeV, ${}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{H}({}_{}{}^9{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Be}, \mathrm{p}\gamma ){}_{}{}^{11}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Be}$, $E\left({}_{}{}^9{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Be}\right)=10-16\mathrm{}$ MeV; measured DSA; deduced $\tau ({}_{}{}^{11}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Be}, 320-\mathrm{k}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V})$; calculated $B\left(E1\mathrm{}\right)\mathrm{}$, $B\left(M2\mathrm{}\right)\mathrm{}$ from thoery and compared to experiment for ${}_{}{}^9{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Be}$, ${}_{}{}^{11}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Be}$, ${}_{}{}^{13}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$.

In the derivation of the scaled, first order optical potential of Kerman, McManus, and Thaler it is assumed that all target nucleons have identical isospin character. This makes possible the scaling by $\frac{\mathrm{}(A-1\mathrm{})\mathrm{}}{A}$ that is characteristic of the Kerman-McManus-Thaler formalism. In applications, the difference between the interactions of the projectile with target neutrons and protons is imposed upon the scaled optical potential. The nuclear scattering amplitude calculated in this way differs from the correct first order result which can be obtained by recognizing the isospin difference at the onset of the derivation. A new expression for the Kerman-McManus-Thaler optical potential is obtained. The result is the usual isospin weighted sum of the projectile-proton and projectile-neutron interactions, plus a correction to the scaled first order optical potential which is proportional to the square of the projectile-nucleon isovector interaction. Numerical estimates of the volumes and root mean square radii of this isovector correction are given for proton and pion projectiles. Relative to the usual first order term, the volume integral of this correction is found to be negligible in most cases, except for (3,3) resonant energy pion-nucleus scattering where it can contribute several percent.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS Kerman, McManus, and Thaler, and Watson multiple scattering theories, isovector corrections to proton-nucleus and pion-nucleus optical potentials.

Results are presented for the scattering of electrons through 180° from the ${\mathrm{½}}^{-}$ ground state and the ${\frac{3}{2}}^{-}$ excited state at 6.32 MeV in ${}_{}{}^{15}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{N}$. The range of the momentum transfer $q$ is from 0.70 to 3.25 ${\mathrm{fm}}^{-1\mathrm{}}$. Comparisons are made with the predictions of the $0_{\mathrm{p}}$-shell proton-hole model, a large basis $2\hslash \omega$ shell model calculation, and core polarization models. In general, it was found that the theoretical description of the data improved markedly as the model space was expanded, but the predicted cross sections were consistently below the data for $q>\mathrm{}2.4\mathrm{}$ ${\mathrm{fm}}^{-1\mathrm{}}$. The present data rule out the low value of the Migdal parameter $g^{\prime }$ needed to describe the (e,e′) data for ${}_{}{}^{12}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$ and ${}_{}{}^{13}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$, and do not support the previous suggestion that pion-condensation effects are important in finite nuclear systems.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}_{}{}^{15}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{N}$(e,e′), $E=70-327\mathrm{}$ MeV, $\theta =180\mathrm{}°$, measured $\sigma (E, \theta )$ for ground, 6.32 MeV levels. ${}_{}{}^{13}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$ deduced transverse form factors. Comparisons with models.

Double differential cross sections for the neutron-induced production of p, d, t, ${}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}$, and alpha particles from carbon have been measured using unpolarized neutrons. Neutron beam energies of 27.4, 39.7, and 60.7 MeV were used. The charged particle energy spectra at nine laboratory angles—15, 20, 35, 40, 45, 65, 90, 130, and 150 deg—range up to the kinematic maximum, from a lower energy cutoff of 4 MeV for p, d, t, and alpha and 8 MeV for ${}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}$. A CH target was used so that the absolute normalization was obtained simultaneously from the n-p cross sections. Intranuclear cascade plus deexcitation calculations were carried out. The data are compared with these calculations and with available proton induced (charge symmetric) reaction spectra.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}_{}{}^{12}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}(\mathrm{n}, \mathrm{p}x; \mathrm{d}x; {}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{H}x; {}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}x; {}_{}{}^4{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}x)$, $E_{\mathrm{n}}=27.4, 39.7, 60.7$ MeV; measured $\sigma (\theta ; E)$, ${\theta }_{\mathrm{lab}}=15, 20, 35, 40, 45, 65, 90, 130, 150$ deg. Intranuclear cascade plus deexcitation calculations.

Radiative capture of thermal neutrons by the deuteron: $\mathrm{n}+\mathrm{d}\to {}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{H}+\gamma$ is investigated. Wave functions built upon definite nucleon-nucleon forces are used to describe both the bound state and the scattering two-body state. The role of mesonic exchange currents and of two-nucleon forces are investigated in detail. Finally, the bearing of genuine three-nucleon forces on the cross sections and other related properties is exhibited.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS Triton. Radiative neutron capture. Mesonic exchange currents. $M1\mathrm{}$ transition. Three-body forces.

We demonstrate the off-shell sensitivity of second-order polarization observables in elastic N-d scattering by means of the spin-correlation parameter $C_{y,y}$. For the N-N interaction we start with the Paris potential and then generate on-shell equivalent separable potentials with different off-shell properties. The results for $E_{\mathrm{d}}=10\mathrm{} \mathrm{and} 20$ MeV reported here show sizeable off-shell effects, which can be related to the different potential behavior in the inner region $r\lesssim 1.2$ fm.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS Off-shell effects in elastic N-d scattering; separable approximation of the Paris potential used together with on-shell equivalent transformations.

Angular distributions for the elastic and inelastic scattering of 40 MeV protons for the $2_1^{+}$ 1.809, $2_2^{+}$ 2.938, $3_1^{+}$ 3.940, $4_1^{+}$ 4.318, $4_2^{+}$ 4.900, $4_3^{+}$ 5.474, and $4_4^{+}$ 5.716 MeV states in ${}_{}{}^{26}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Mg}$ have been measured to provide a test for the collective properties of these states as predicted by the wave functions of Chung and Wildenthal. Because of interference of the direct one-step $0_1^{+}$-$J_f$ excitation, with the two step $0^{+}$-$J_{\mathrm{int}}-J_f$ excitations through the possible intermediate states $J_{\mathrm{int}}$, coupled-channel effects are observable in the angular distribution for the state $J_f$. The effects of strongly constructive (for the $2_2^{+}$ and $4_3^{+}$ states), weakly constructive (for the $4_1^{+}$ state), weakly destructive (for the $4_4^{+}$ state), and strongly destructive (for the $4_2^{+}$ state) interference are observed in the measured angular distributions. The experimental results are compared with coupled-channel calculations which utilize the shell-model-predicted multipole ($L=2\mathrm{} \mathrm{and} 4$) matrix elements as coupling amplitudes. It is demonstrated that this approach can reproduce the observed patterns, the type of interference being governed by the relative phase between the direct $0_1^{+}$-$J_f$ and the dominant $J_{\mathrm{int}}-J_f$ matrix element(s). The neutron and proton components for seven inelastic transitions are determined by combining the known electromagnetic transition rates with the proton inelastic transition rates measured in the present work. For most transitions the dominant component is correctly indicated by the shell model. In particular, the $0_1^{+}$-$2_2^{+}$ transition is confirmed to be predominantly a neutron transition.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}_{}{}^{26}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Mg}$ (p,p′), $E=40\mathrm{}$ MeV: measured $\sigma (E:\theta )$ deduced optical-model parameters, $B_{\mathrm{p}{\mathrm{p}}^{\prime }}\mathrm{}\left(L\right)\mathrm{}$. Enriched metallic ${}_{}{}^{26}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Mg}$ (97.8%) target. Compared with coupled-channel calculations utilizing the coupling amplitudes from Chung-Wildenthal shell-model wave functions.

The differential muon-capture rate, $\frac{d\Gamma }{d{E}_n}$, is obtained over the total allowed range of $E_n$, the neutron energy for both $F_A$, the axial current form factor, analytically continued to the timelike region, and for $F_A$ under the condition that $F_A(q^2, \mathrm{timelike})=F_A(q^2, \mathrm{spacelike})$. It is found that a difference of approximately 10% exists in the extreme timelike region. The contribution from the timelike region to the muon-capture rate, $\Gamma$, is calculated and found to be negligible.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS Muon-capture ${}_{}{}^2{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{H}({\mu }^{-}, {\nu }_{\mu })nn$, $\Gamma$, $\frac{d\Gamma }{d{E}_n}$ calculated under different assumptions for form factor behavior in timelike region.

Angular distributions for the ${}_{}{}^{27}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Al}({}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}, d){}_{}{}^{28}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Si}_{}^{*}{}_{}{}^{}$ and ${}_{}{}^{28}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Si}({}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}, d){}_{}{}^{29}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{P}_{}^{*}{}_{}{}^{}$ reactions have been measured at $E_{{}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}}=130\mathrm{}$ MeV) in the angular range of $9°\lesssim {\theta }_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.\mathrm{}}\lesssim 40°$. In the proton-unbound excitation energy region, four prominent peaks ($E_x=11.61, 12.67, 13.26, \mathrm{and} 14.33$ MeV) from the ${}_{}{}^{27}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Al}({}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}, d){}_{}{}^{28}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Si}$ reaction and three peaks ($E_x=6.59, 8.08, \mathrm{and} 10.17$ MeV) from the ${}_{}{}^{28}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Si}({}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}, d){}_{}{}^{29}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{P}$ reaction, are reported and analyzed for the first time. The data have been analyzed in terms of the DWBA theory, using optical model and other relevant parameters determined in a previous paper on the ground state transitions. In general, satisfactory fits to the experimental angular distributions are obtained. Spectroscopic information has been extracted and compared with the results available in the literature.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}_{}{}^{27}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Al}$, ${}_{}{}^{28}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Si}({}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}, d)$, $E_{\mathrm{lab}}=130\mathrm{}$ MeV; measured $\sigma (E, \theta )$; DWBA analysis; deduced spectroscopic strengths; enriched targets.

The proton hole states of ${}_{}{}^{95}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Y}$ and ${}_{}{}^{95,97,99}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Nb}$ have been studied by the ($\overrightarrow{t}, \alpha$) reaction using a polarized beam of 17 MeV tritons on targets of ${}_{}{}^{96}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Zr}$ and ${}_{}{}^{96,98,100}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Mo}$. The results yield a number of new levels as well as numerous new spin assignments based on the large analyzing powers characteristic of the ($\overrightarrow{\mathrm{t}}, \alpha$) reaction. Examination of the systematics of the resulting level schemes indicates a tendency towards deformation with increasing neutron number, which is expected given the known deformed region above $A=100\mathrm{}$. However, ${}_{}{}^{97}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Nb}$ is also clearly affected by the $N=56\mathrm{}$ subshell closure. This subshell closure has a major effect on the level structure of ${}_{}{}^{96}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Zr}$ but is completely washed out in ${}_{}{}^{98}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Mo}$.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}_{}{}^{96}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Zr}$, ${}_{}{}^{96,98,100}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Mo}(\overrightarrow{\mathrm{t}}, \alpha )$, $E=17\mathrm{}$ MeV; measured $\sigma \left(\theta \right)$, $A_y\left(\theta \right)$; deduced $J^{\pi }$ DWBA analysis.

In this paper a new version of the generalized exciton model of preequilibrium angular distributions is proposed to predict the energy dependence of inelastic neutron-scattering angular distributions. The Kikuchi-Kawai expression is used for the scattering of the followed "fast particle" in nuclear matter, whereby its full angle-energy correlation is taken into account to describe the emission at the first collision. For the higher steps an energy-averaged scattering kernel is employed for the description of the changes in direction of the fast particle on its way inside the nucleus. The refraction of the incident and outgoing beam is described by the approximation of geometrical optics. This model retains the simple mathematical structure previously introduced by Akkermans et al., providing an easy interpretation of the observed energy-dependence of angular-distribution coefficients without the use of fit parameters. A comparison with experimental neutron-emission data and with the empirical Kalbach-Mann systematics illustrates the predictive ability of the present physical model.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS $\mathrm{Nb}(n, xn)$, $E=10-60\mathrm{}$ MeV; calculated $\sigma (E, E_{\mathrm{n}}, \theta )$ Legendre coefficients. New version of generalized exciton model, preequilibrium emission.

Energy levels in ${}_{}{}^{87}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Kr}$ have been studied, with special emphasis on the unbound region, using two different methods. The first method comprises neutron capture and transmission measurements on an enriched gas target of ${}_{}{}^{86}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Kr}$ using neutron time-of-flight techniques. In this way, neutron widths were determined for 39 resonances below 400 keV and capture areas for 14 resonances below 90 keV. The second method is a decay study of 56-s ${}_{}{}^{87}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Br}$ in which a level scheme for ${}_{}{}^{87}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Kr}$ has been established that shows 126 levels in the bound and 12 levels in the unbound region. A detailed comparison amongst the neutron resonance, the $\gamma$-ray decay, and available delayed neutron results has been made. Almost a one-to-one correspondence exists between the currently observed $p$-wave resonances below 250 keV and levels in ${}_{}{}^{87}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Kr}$ studied through delayed neutron emission. The overall $\beta$-strength distribution derived from the present data shows broad resonancelike structures. However, no marked selectivity is observed in the $\beta$ decay to individual levels in the unbound region of ${}_{}{}^{87}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Kr}$. The neutron capture cross section of ${}_{}{}^{86}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Kr}$ is found to be about 5 mb for 30-keV neutrons with a Maxwellian energy distribution. The future of delayed neutron spectroscopy as a new tool for obtaining level-density information is discussed.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}_{}{}^{86}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Kr}\mathrm{}\left(n\right)\mathrm{}$, $E_n=1-400\mathrm{}$ keV, measured total $\sigma \mathrm{}\left(E\right)\mathrm{}$; ${}_{}{}^{86}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Kr}(n, \gamma )$,, $E_n=1-90\mathrm{}$ keV, measured ${\sigma }_{n\gamma }$; ${}_{}{}^{87}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Kr}$ deduced resonances, resonance parameters, neutron strength functions, Maxwellian average cross section; enriched target.

RADIOACTIVITY ${}_{}{}^{87}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Br}$ [from ${}_{}{}^{235}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{U}(n, f)$], measured $E_{\gamma }$, $i_{\gamma }$, $\gamma \gamma$-coinc; deduced ${}_{}{}^{87}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Kr}$ levels; deduced ${}_{}{}^{87}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Br}$ ground state $J$, $\pi$; Ge(Li) detector, mass separated source.

The reaction ${}_{}{}^{80}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Se}(\mathrm{t}, \alpha ){}_{}{}^{79}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{As}$ has been investigated with an 18-MeV triton beam. Twenty-six levels of ${}_{}{}^{79}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{As}$ (many of them previously unreported) have been identified up to about 3.5 MeV excitation energy. Angular distributions were measured and compared with distorted-wave Born-approximation calculations, in order to extract $L$ values and spectroscopic factors. Most of the expected strength for pickup from the $2p$ and $1f_{\frac{5}{2}}$ orbitals is observed. Behavior of the low-lying negative-parity states for various As isotopes is presented and compared with the predictions of a rotational model with prolate deformation and Coriolis coupling. The observed first and second $\frac{9}{2^{+}}$ states in odd-$A$ isotopes give further evidence for the shape transition suggested recently for this mass region.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}_{}{}^{80}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Se}(\mathrm{t}, \alpha ){}_{}{}^{79}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{As}$, $E=18\mathrm{}$ MeV; measured $\sigma (E_{\alpha }, \vartheta )$. ${}_{}{}^{79}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{As}$ deduced levels, $L$, $\pi$, ($J$), spectroscopic factors. DWBA analysis, enriched target.

Deep inelastic electron scattering cross sections have been measured from ${}_{}{}^{40}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ca}$ at energies between 100 and 375 MeV and at scattering angles of 90° and 140°. Longitudinal and transverse response functions at three-vector momentum transfers of 330, 370, and 410 MeV/c were extracted from these data using a Rosenbluth separation. The integrated longitudinal response functions for the three momentum transfers are found to have, respectively, 65%, 75%, and 90% of the longitudinal strength predicted by the Fermi gas model.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS Deep inelastic electron scattering from ${}_{}{}^{40}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ca}$, extracted transverse and longitudinal response functions.

Pre-equilibrium and equilibrium deexcitation processes for ($\alpha , x\mathrm{n}\gamma$) reactions induced by 50-120 MeV $\alpha$ particles were studied. Reaction channels were identified by measuring rotational $\gamma$ rays characteristic of the reaction residues. The branching of the reaction channels gave neutron multiplicity distributions. Features characteristic of the pre-equilibrium process were seen in the reaction channels with small neutron multiplicity $x$. An exciton model calculation code was developed so as to incorporate both multiparticle emission at the fast pre-equilibrium stage and multiparticle evaporation at the slow equilibrium stage. The calculation reproduced the neutron multiplicity distributions in the whole range of $E_{\alpha }=50-120\mathrm{}$ MeV. The pre-equilibrium fractions and the entry lines from the pre-equilibrium stage to the equilibrium one were deduced. The pre-equilibrium fractions were found to be approximately 40-60%, being rather independent of the individual reaction channel. The entry lines slowly increase from 25 to 35 MeV with increasing projectile energy.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}_{}{}^{162,164}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Dy}(\alpha ,x\mathrm{n}\gamma ){}_{}{}^{166,168-x}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Er}$, $x=3-12\mathrm{}$, and ${}_{}{}^{174,176}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Yb}(\alpha , x\mathrm{n}\gamma ){}_{}{}^{178,180-x}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Hf}$, $x=3-12\mathrm{}$, $E_{\alpha }=50, 70, 90, \mathrm{and} 120$ MeV, measured $\sigma \mathrm{}\left(x\right)\mathrm{}$; properties of PEQ decay process and analysis by the exciton model. Enriched targets.

The ${}_{}{}^{60}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ni}(\overrightarrow{\mathrm{p}}, \mathrm{d}){}_{}{}^{59}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ni}$ reaction has been studied with 94-MeV polarized protons. Angular distributions of the differential cross section and analyzing power have been measured for states in ${}_{}{}^{59}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ni}$ up to an excitation energy of 4.8 MeV. A characteristic $j$ dependence of the ($\overrightarrow{\mathrm{p}}$, d) analyzing powers was observed for $l=1\mathrm{}$ and $l=3\mathrm{}$ transfers, which allowed reliable spin determinations to be made for hole states in ${}_{}{}^{59}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ni}$. As a result, spins of $\frac{7}{2^{-}}$ were assigned to the levels at 2.63, 3.04, 3.73, 4.16, 4.23, 4.56, and 4.69 MeV in ${}_{}{}^{59}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ni}$. Standard distorted-wave Born approximation calculations have been performed and their predictive power to describe the shape of the differential cross section and analyzing power angular distributions was tested as a function of the input parameters. No large discrepancies between calculated and experimental cross sections were found. Relative spectroscopic factors for the neutron pickup from the $1f_{\frac{7}{2}}$ orbital were extracted and compared to recent shell-model predictions. These shell-model calculations account quite well for the centroid of the observed $1f_{\frac{7}{2}}$ neutron hole distribution but fail to reproduce the strength distribution.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}_{}{}^{60}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ni}(\overrightarrow{\mathrm{p}}, \mathrm{d})$, $E=94\mathrm{}$ MeV; measured $\sigma (E_{\mathrm{d}}, \theta )$ and $A_y(E_{\mathrm{d}}, \theta )$. Enriched target. ${}_{}{}^{59}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ni}$ deduced levels, $J$, $\pi$. DWBA analysis.

The giant-resonance region in ${}_{}{}^{92}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Zr}$ has been studied by inelastic electron scattering of the effective momentum transfer range $0.65\le q_{\mathrm{eff}}\le 1.18$ ${\mathrm{fm}}^{-1\mathrm{}}$. The high-energy octupole resonance was identified at $E_x=25\mathrm{}\pm 0.3$ MeV with a width of 6.3±0.3 MeV exhausting 39±4% of the $T=0\mathrm{}$ $E3\mathrm{}$ energy weighted sum rule. This result is in good agreement with a recent (${}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}$, ${}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}$') result and the recent random-phase approximation calculations, and its strength is inconsistent with the trend of low strength of the high-energy octupole resonances observed by inelastic proton scattering.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS ${}_{}{}^{92}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Zr}$(e,e'), enriched target, $E_0=220\mathrm{}$ MeV, $\theta =32\mathrm{}°-61\mathrm{}°$, $q=0.65-1.18\mathrm{}$ ${\mathrm{fm}}^{-1\mathrm{}}$. Measured $\frac{d^2\sigma }{d\Omega d{E}_x}$ up to 33 MeV in excitation energy; deduced excitation energy, width, sum rule exhaustion of isoscalar high-energy octupole resonance.

Using a phenomenological neutron-${}_{}{}^{40}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ca}$ strong and weak potentials at low energy we calculate the asymmetry $A$ in the total cross section between positive and negative incoming helicity states, the asymmetry $I$ in the differential elastic cross sections, and the neutron spin rotation angle $\frac{d\phi }{\mathrm{dz}}$. In general, max $\left|\frac{I}{A}\right|\gg 1$. Taking into account the relevant cross sections, it turns out that sometimes, measuring $I$ (instead of $A$) can save a substantial amount of beam time.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS Parity violation, asymmetries, neutron spin rotation, $\overrightarrow{\sigma }·\overrightarrow{\mathrm{p}}$ interactions, neutron-nucleus scattering, phenomenological weak and strong nucleon-nucleus optical potential.

A projection operator method is developed for the analysis of low energy heavy ion multiparticle transfer reactions. Entrance doorways introduce structure which is transferred sequentially via reaction (or exit) doorways to the reaction channel of interest. The theory treats both gross and intermediate structure, and the coupling from entrance to exit doorways introduces additional spreading and rather narrow structure in the reaction cross section. Consistent with experiment, energy shifts of reaction channel resonances relative to each other and to the elastic are present. The theory is suggested as a means of studying, for example, ${}_{}{}^{12}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}+{}_{}{}^{12}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}\to {}_{}{}^{20}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ne}_{}^{*}{}_{}{}^{}+\alpha$ in the range of 10-30 MeV (c.m.) where the $0_2^{+}$ state of ${}_{}{}^{12}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$* would play an important role.

NUCLEAR REACTIONS Light ions, projection operator intermediate structure theory, entrance and reaction doorways, multiparticle transfer.