As part of a systematic study, the (d,${}_{}{}^6{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Li}$) reaction has been measured at a bombarding energy of 80 MeV on ${}_{}{}^{22}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ne}$. Angular distributions were obtained in an angular range of 8° to 35° (lab). In the framework of finite-range distorted-wave Born approximation calculations, alpha spectroscopic factors were extracted. The strong collectivity of the low-lying states suggests the necessity of employing a coupled reaction channels formalism in the analysis. Indeed spectroscopic information arising from one-channel distorted-wave Born approximation calculations reveals significant differences between experimental and theoretical results. Furthermore, the shapes of some experimental angular distributions are not fitted by the distorted-wave Born approximation method. Both give indications of an insufficiency of the simple one-channel calculations—at least for strong collective states.

The vector analyzing power $A_y\left(E_{\mathrm{n}}\right)$ for the breakup reaction ${}_{}{}^2{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{H}(\overrightarrow{\mathrm{p}},\mathrm{n})2\mathrm{}\mathrm{p}$ at laboratory angle ${\theta }_{\mathrm{n}}=18\mathrm{}°$ has been measured for $E_{\mathrm{p}}=21.3\mathrm{}$ MeV as a function of neutron energy. The experimental $A_y\left(E_{\mathrm{n}}\right)$ values are compared with the predictions of various three-nucleon Faddeev calculations.

Advantages are pointed out in studying $S$-matrix elements between wave packets when long range Coulomb forces are involved. A straightforward method is presented to calculate such matrix elements in few-body systems. It is based on a strong approximation of the Møller wave operators. For the two-body system the method is tested for (a) short range, (b) Coulomb, and (c) short range plus Coulomb potentials, and is found in all cases to converge to the reference solution. As an application, d + p breakup cross sections are calculated close to the threshold, including Coulomb forces properly.

The elastic charge and magnetic form factors of ${}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{H}$ have been measured in the region $0.0477<\mathrm{}{q}^2<2.96\mathrm{}$ ${\mathrm{fm}}^{-2\mathrm{}}$. Throughout this range, the charge form factor is found to be larger than previous measurements, whereas the magnetic form factor agrees with the earlier work. The change in the charge form factor slightly increases the discrepancy between the calculated and observed binding energy difference between ${}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{H}$ and ${}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}$.

Parity nonconservation in the pp interaction was studied by elastic scattering of 44.8 MeV longitudinally polarized protons. The scattering chamber consisted of a 100 bar ${\mathrm{H}}_2$ gas target, surrounded by a cylindrical ionization chamber in an axially symmetric arrangement, and a Faraday cup. The relative cross sections, ${\sigma }^{+}$ and ${\sigma }^{-}$, for positive and negative helicity of the incident beam, were measured by integrating the current from the Faraday cup and from the ionization chamber during 20 ms intervals, and digitizing the charges. The parity nonconserving longitudinal analyzing power $A_z=\frac{({\sigma }^{+}-{\sigma }^{-})}{({\sigma }^{+}+{\sigma }^{-})}$ was deduced from 1.4 × ${10}^6$ individual measurements of $p_z{A}_z$, where $p_z\simeq 0.83$ is the beam polarization. The emphasis is on quantitative treatments of instrumental effects, the most important of which is caused by the nonuniform distribution of residual transverse polarization components in the beam. The final result for the helicity dependence of the total nuclear pp cross section at a laboratory energy of 44.8 MeV is $A_z^{\mathrm{tot}}=-(2.31\mathrm{}\pm 0.89)\times {10}^{-7\mathrm{}}$. The uncertainty includes the statistical error as well as the systematic uncertainties from transverse polarization, modulation of intensity, position, emittance, and energy of the beam associated with helicity reversal, double scattering, asymmetry from $\beta$ decay, and electronic cross talk. The result is compared to theoretical predictions and to related experiments.

Spectroscopic factor sum rules for single nucleon transfer are studied in the context of the interacting boson-fermion model. These sum rules are applied to pickup and stripping reactions on even-even targets. It is shown that for such targets the odd-even interacting boson-fermion model intermediate states are essentially complete, so that the evaluation of these sum rules using interacting boson-fermion model wave functions and transfer operators is valid. However, this is not true for reactions on odd-even targets. The interacting boson-fermion model sum rules are derived and applied to experimental data from recent studies of the platinum isotopes. A significant discrepancy exists between experiment and theory.

Fast neutron scattering cross sections have been measured for ${}_{}{}^{27}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Al}$ using a neutron time-of-flight facility. Angular distributions were measured at angles from 20° to 160° in 5° increments, at incident neutron energies of 11, 14, and 17 MeV. Data are presented for elastic scattering and for inelastic scattering to the sum of the 0.84 and 1.01 MeV states, the 2.21 MeV state, and the sum of the 2.73, 2.98, and 3.00 MeV states. After correcting for compound nucleus effects, the elastic scattering cross sections are well reproduced by the spherical optical model using a linear energy dependence in the real well depth. The inelastic data are interpreted with a coupled channels calculation and the excited core model.

The ${}_{}{}^{36}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{S}$(d,p)${}_{}{}^{37}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{S}$ reaction was studied at $E_{\mathrm{d}}=25\mathrm{}$ MeV with an enriched ${}_{}{}^{36}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{S}$ target (81.1%) and momentum analysis of the protons. Twenty-six groups were identified with levels in ${}_{}{}^{37}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{S}$. Excitation energies were obtained with an uncertainty of ≲ 3 keV and angular distributions yielded $l$ and $S$ values for the transfer reaction. Comparison is made to local systematics and the $l=1\mathrm{}$ strength is also compared to recent (n,$\gamma$) results. The ${}_{}{}^{34,36}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{S}$(d,${}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}$)${}_{}{}^{33,35}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{P}$ reactions were also studied. A mass excess for ${}_{}{}^{35}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{P}$ of -24854(5) keV was obtained. (d,${}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}$) proton pickup strength was observed to four states of ${}_{}{}^{35}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{P}$ and seven states of ${}_{}{}^{33}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{P}$. These results are compared to predictions of Wildenthal.

Differential cross sections have been measured with unusually good precision and accuracy for neutrons scattered from samples of ${}_{}{}^{116,118,120,122}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sn}$ using a time-of-flight spectrometer. Measurements were made at two bombarding energies to look for effects of the number of exit channels on the scattering: 1.00 MeV, where the scattering is all elastic, and 1.63 MeV, where both elastic and inelastic scattering can occur. The elastic-scattering data have root mean square relative and normalization uncertainties, respectively, of 2.7—5.5% and 1.8%; for the inelastic-scattering data these uncertainties are 4.7—6.3% and 4.5%, respectively. The angular distributions for elastic scattering vary systematically with neutron excess. The elastic-scattering cross sections were fitted together with total cross sections using an incoherent sum of shape-elastic scattering, calculated with a complex spherical potential, and compound-elastic scattering, calculated with a statistical model using the same potential. The real and imaginary well depths have been parametrized as linear functions of neutron excess. A strong neutron-excess dependence of $W$ is required to fit the data. For $R=r_0{A}^{\frac{1}{3}}$, the results at 1.00 MeV are $V=52.42-\frac{28.6(N-Z)\mathrm{}}{A}$ MeV and $W=14.38-\frac{51.0(N-Z)\mathrm{}}{A}$ MeV, and the results at 1.63 MeV are $V=51.41-\frac{29.5(N-Z)\mathrm{}}{A}$ MeV and $W=11.75-\frac{34.1(N-Z)\mathrm{}}{A}$ MeV. The neutron-excess dependence of $V$ and $W$ on the rate of change of radius versus $A$ has been investigated, as well as the effects on $V$ and $W$ of an overall change in geometrical parameters. The neutron-excess dependence of $V$ is strongly dependent on the $R$ versus $A$ relation.

Elastic and inelastic electron-scattering cross sections of an Os-Pt transition region nucleus, ${}_{}{}^{192}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Os}$, have been measured in a momentum transfer range from 0.6 to 2.9 ${\mathrm{fm}}^{-1\mathrm{}}$. The data for the ground and the $J^{\pi }=2^{+}, 2^{+\prime }, 4^{+}, \mathrm{and} 3^{-}$ states were analyzed model independently with a Fourier-Bessel parametrization of the ground state and transition charge densities. The normalization of the (e,e′) cross sections was obtained from a combined analysis with muonic-atom data for the ground and first $2^{+}$ states. The densities and their radial moments are compared with theoretical predictions of the Davydov model and with axially symmetric deformed density-matrix-expansion Hartree-Fock calculations (including the Legendre expansion and the small-amplitude vibration model extensions).

Double differential cross sections have been measured with time of flight techniques at 16 angles between 3.5° and 159° (lab) for the inclusive production of neutrons from reactions of 25 MeV protons with ${}_{}{}^{50,52,53}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Cr}$, ${}_{}{}^{54,56,58}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Fe}$, ${}_{}{}^{59}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Co}$, ${}_{}{}^{60}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ni}$, ${}_{}{}^{63}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Cu}$, ${}_{}{}^{89}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Y}$, ${}_{}{}^{90,91,92,94}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Zr}$, ${}_{}{}^{92,94,95,96,97,98,100}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Mo}$, ${}_{}{}^{110}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pd}$, and of 18 MeV protons with ${}_{}{}^{90,91,92,94}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Zr}$. The spectra from ${}_{}{}^{90,91,92,94}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Zr}$ targets are compared with qualitative and quantitative predictions based on proton-particle—neutron-hole state densities generated from different sets of single particle states using the recursion method of Williams et al. An end point gap of nearly 4 MeV in the ${}_{}{}^{91}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Zr}$(p,n) spectrum may be understood quantitatively in terms of such an extreme single particle model argument. The experimental peak structure shows reasonably good agreement with the calculated results. It is shown that precompound spectra exhibit pronounced structure which is dependent upon nuclear structure effects for near closed shell nuclei, and that these effects should and do disappear rapidly with nuclear deformation, as predicted earlier by Williams et al.

Angular distributions for nucleon-induced reactions (incident energies 14 to 90 MeV) leading to precompound nucleon emission in the continuum (emitted particle energies 9-70 MeV) are calculated based on nucleon-nucleon scattering kinematics for an incident nucleon on a Fermi gas. Analytic expressions due to Kikuchi and Kawai are used for the single scattering kernel. The geometry dependent hybrid model is used to generate the differential cross sections for first, second, etc., order scattering, these weightings being used to fold the single scattering kernel. Results are found to reproduce all experimental angular distributions quite well at angles in the 20°-90° range. Ad-hoc modifications to approximate quantal effects and Coulomb deflections are explored, but the results do not seem to offer a consistent means of reproducing back angle yields, and give generally poorer results at very forward angles.

The ${}_{}{}^{51}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{V}(\overrightarrow{\mathrm{d}},\alpha ){}_{}{}^{49}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ti}$ reaction has been studied with 79.4-MeV vector polarized deuterons. Angular distributions of the differential cross section and vector analyzing power have been measured for strongly-populated states up to an excitation energy of 5 MeV. Two-particle—one-hole states of the [${\left(\pi f_{\frac{7}{2}}\right)}^2{\left(\nu f_{\frac{7}{2}}\right)}^{-1\mathrm{}}$] configuration were identified from the characteristic $L=6\mathrm{}$ shapes of the differential cross section and $J=7\mathrm{}$ patterns of the vector analyzing power. These states lie at 0.00, 1.54, 1.62, 2.26, 2.72, 2.98, 3.05, 3.29, 3.46, 3.97, 4.22, and 4.39 MeV in ${}_{}{}^{49}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ti}$. The relative ${\left(f_{\frac{7}{2}}\right)}_{J=7\mathrm{}}^2$ pickup strength to these states is compared to predictions of the ${\left(f_{\frac{7}{2}}\right)}^n$ model of Kutschera, Brown, and Ogawa. The identification in this work of [${\left(\pi f_{\frac{7}{2}}\right)}^2{\left(\nu f_{\frac{7}{2}}\right)}^{-1\mathrm{}}$] configuration states at 4.39 and 3.97 MeV tends to confirm the suggestion that states found at 4.4 and 4.0 MeV in the ${}_{}{}^{48}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{p},{\pi }^{-}){}_{}{}^{49}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ti}$ reaction are the ${\frac{19}{2}}^{-}$ and ${\frac{15}{2}}^{-}$ members of that configuration.

Fusion cross sections for the ${}_{}{}^9{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Be}$+${}_{}{}^9{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Be}$ system have been measured by detecting the evaporation residues using a gas-ionization—surface-barrier $\Delta E-E$ detector at ${}_{}{}^9{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Be}$ bombarding energies of 35-55 MeV in 5 MeV steps. The ratios of the measured total fusion cross section to the total reaction cross section calculated using optical model parameters which fit the elastic scattering cross sections were found to be very small compared to the same results obtained from fusion studies of ${}_{}{}^9{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Be}$+${}_{}{}^{28}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Si}$ and ${}_{}{}^9{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Be}$+${}_{}{}^{40}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ca}$ systems. This behavior is attributed to the high probability for breaking up of ${}_{}{}^9{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Be}$ before the critical distance of fusion is reached.

Excitation functions of ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}({}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O},{\alpha }_{0,1}){}_{}{}^{28}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Si}$ at eight laboratory angles and angular distributions at twelve energies have been measured in the region $E_{\mathrm{lab}}=20-44\mathrm{}$ MeV, with an experimental arrangement appropriate for studying structures of intermediate width. A detailed statistical analysis of the data (correlation and deviation functions) shows that the region above $E_{\mathrm{lab}}=29\mathrm{}$ MeV is characterized by anomalously high amounts of correlation of intermediate-width structures ($\Gamma \sim 500$ keV). Analysis of the ${\alpha }_0$ angular distributions by means of coherently summed pairs of Legendre polynomials reveals a sharp selectivity of near-grazing angular momenta throughout the energy region studied. This property is also present in the cross sections calculated by the statistical model, so that the experimental angular distributions are generally well reproduced in shape by Hauser-Feshbach calculations. However, peaks at $E_{\mathrm{lab}}=30.4, 31.9, 33.9, 35.9, \mathrm{and} 39.65$ MeV exceed the Hauser-Feshbach cross sections in magnitude by factors of about 2-3. The two most pronounced structures, i.e., those at 30.4 and 31.9 MeV, are found to be dominated by a resonant enhancement of the $J^{\pi }={10}^{+}$ contribution, although the interference with the statistical background is not entirely negligible. The three weaker resonantlike anomalies, at 33.9, 35.9, and 39.65 MeV, also contain enhanced contributions of near-grazing partial waves, $l=12, 12, \mathrm{and} 14$, respectively, which mix strongly with the compound-nucleus background. Thus, none of the reported structures could be identified as an isolated resonance of a single, well-defined angular momentum.

Lifetimes in the yrast sequence of ${}_{}{}^{128}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ce}$ have been measured following the reaction ${}_{}{}^{92}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Zr}$(${}_{}{}^{40}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ar}$,4n) induced by 159-MeV ${}_{}{}^{40}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ar}$ ions. A Doppler-shift recoil-distance device was utilized inside a large NaI detector where the latter provided total $\gamma$-ray decay energy selection for these measurements. The $B\left(E2\right)$ values deduced for the $2^{+}$ through ${14}^{+}$ states indicate that in the ground band ${}_{}{}^{128}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ce}$ conforms much more closely to rigid-rotor behavior than do the heavier cerium isotopes, and that in the $s$ band the shape parameters remain in the collective sector $-60\mathrm{}°<\gamma <0\mathrm{}°$, as predicted by cranked self-consistent theory.

The elastic scattering of ${}_{}{}^7{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Li}$+${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$ has been measured at $E_{\mathrm{Li}}=50\mathrm{}$ MeV and fitted with an optical model potential. The ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$(${}_{}{}^7{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Li}$,${}_{}{}^7{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Be}$)${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{N}$ reaction has been investigated at $E_{\mathrm{Li}}=50\mathrm{}$ MeV. States and groups of states were observed up to 6.3 MeV excitation in the ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{N}$+${}_{}{}^7{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Be}$ system. Angular distributions for ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{N}$ in $2^{-}$ 0.0 MeV, $3^{-}$ 0.297 MeV, and $4^{-}$ 6.17 MeV states with ${}_{}{}^7{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Be}$ in its ground state (${}_{}{}^7{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Be}_0^{}{}_{}{}^{}$), and for ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{N}$ in the $3^{-}$ 0.297 MeV state with ${}_{}{}^7{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Be}$ in its first excited state (${}_{}{}^7{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Be}_1^{}{}_{}{}^{}$), have been compared with distorted-wave Born approximation calculations. The distorted-wave Born approximation form factors were calculated microscopically using central and tensor forces and realistic transition densities. The calculations fail to reproduce the cross sections.

We subject ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$ and ${}_{}{}^{80}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Zr}$ to varying degrees of initial compression by a constrained Hartree-Fock calculation; the subsequent behavior is investigated in the time-dependent Hartree-Fock prescription.

Fission cross sections have been measured for the following reactions: ${}_{}{}^{12}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$(at $E_b=95, 122, 186, 245, \mathrm{and} 291$ MeV) on ${}_{}{}^{174}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Yb}$, ${}_{}{}^{198}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pt}$, and ${}_{}{}^{238}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{U}$; ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$ (at $E_b=140, 175, 216, 250, \mathrm{and} 315$ MeV) on ${}_{}{}^{142}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Nd}$, ${}_{}{}^{170}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Er}$, ${}_{}{}^{192}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Os}$, and ${}_{}{}^{238}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{U}$; ${}_{}{}^{32}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{S}$ (at $E_b=350, 500, \mathrm{and} 700$ MeV) on ${}_{}{}^{126}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Te}$, ${}_{}{}^{144}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Nd}$, and ${}_{}{}^{238}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{U}$; and ${}_{}{}^{58}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ni}$ (at $E_b=352\mathrm{} \mathrm{and} 875$ MeV) on ${}_{}{}^{96}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Zr}$, ${}_{}{}^{116}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Cd}$, and ${}_{}{}^{238}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{U}$. We find that use of statistical model calculations with the Bass heavy-ion potential, which fit the data below 10 MeV/nucleon, do not fit fission cross sections at higher energies. Invoking dynamical limitations to fusion such as "extra-push" model calculations improves the fit to most of the data. For ${}_{}{}^{12}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$ and ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$ projectiles on lighter targets, the fission cross section at higher energies is significantly below the value obtained from the rotating liquid drop angular momentum limit, indicating that incomplete fusion reactions may be limiting the fusion process. For S and Ni projectiles, the cross section implies the existence of a composite system sustaining angular momenta far above the limit beyond which, on the basis of liquid drop model predictions, compound nuclei are not expected to have a finite fission barrier. The angular distribution of fission fragments in ${}_{}{}^{12}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$ and ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$-induced reactions has been measured and compared to calculated values. Discrepancies between the measurements and calculated values infer conditions for the breakdown of the transition state model.

The mass distributions of fission products and targetlike products in the reaction of 20 MeV/nucleon ${}_{}{}^{12}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$ with ${}_{}{}^{197}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Au}$ were determined radiochemically. The charge dispersions of the fission products were found to have Gaussian shapes with a width parameter ($2{\sigma }^2$) of 1.6 units and a most probable charge of $0.417A+1.4$. As for near- and above-target products, the broad charge dispersions of $A=196\mathrm{} \mathrm{to} 199$ suggest contributions from two mechanisms, one corresponding to a quasielastic process and the other corresponding to deeply inelastic and/or complete fusion processes. The cross sections of above-target products were larger than the values expected from simple evaporation calculations.