Measurements of the cross section, vector analyzing power, ${\mathrm{iT}}_{11}$, and all three tensor analyzing powers, $T_{20}$, $T_{21}$, and $T_{22}$, have been made for the (d→, ${}_{}{}^6{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Li}$) reactions on ${}_{}{}^{12}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$ and ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$ at bombarding energies of 18 and 22 MeV. The observed large values of the tensor analyzing powers do not agree with distorted-wave Born approximation calculations assuming a one-step alpha-cluster transfer.

A simple approximate analytic expression for calculating B(E2) transition amplitudes is derived in the framework of the interacting boson model. The expression gives values accurate within ±6% as compared to numerical calculations in either the phenomenological or the neutron-proton interacting boson model, and is valid for a large number of nuclei throughout the O(6)-SU(3) region.

We derive the zero-temperature second random phase approximation using Rowe’s double-commutator equation. Subsequently, we show that the zero-temperature second random phase approximation exhibits formal properties in analogy with the usual 1p-1h random phase approximation. In particular, the second random phase approximation preserves the energy-weighted sum rule.

When values of the mass m of the revolving cluster of the ground band and ${\beta }_1$ excited band of Zr and Mo are assigned to the $2_1^{+}$, $4_1^{+}$, $2_2^{+}$, and $4_2^{+}$ levels on the basis of the assumption that the distance R between the centers of the cluster and the spherical part of the nucleus is approximately constant, these values are found to change in a systematic way. It is suggested that the ${\beta }_1$ band is formed by promotion of a pair of neutrons, a two-particle, two-hole excitation.

I discuss a derivation of the total cross section for neutrino (and antineutrino) scattering by a crystal, with emphasis on the problem of coherence or incoherence over the volume of the crystal in the process.

Mass and charge distributions for heavy residues in the reaction ${}_{}{}^{20}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ni}$ at 37.1 MeV/nucleon were measured by both in-beam and radioactivity γ-ray spectrometry. The general features of the experimental data are well reproduced by a massive transfer model. The heavier residues are also interpreted in the framework of a participant spectator model.

The Doppler-shift attenuation method was used to measure lifetimes of yrast states in ${}_{}{}^{166}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Yb}$. Three different stopping materials were used and consistent results were obtained over a large range of spins. Values of τ range from 1.20(10) ps at ${18}^{+}$ to 0.05(1) ps at ${34}^{+}$. The B(E2) values steadily decrease from 200 to 120 single particle units as the spin increases above 24ħ. This loss of collectivity is likely to reflect a change toward triaxial shapes. The side-feeding times to these states are longer than the inband feeding times.

A plausibility basis for the relativistic (Dirac) approach to proton-nucleus elastic scattering is outlined. It discriminates between implicit assumptions which appear to be under physical control and those which are not. Recent conjectures concerning the essence of the approach are shown to be either misleading or problematical. The essential physics is dynamical in nature; no pathologies, ‘‘unphysical’’ characteristics, or internal inconsistencies are evident. Remaining areas of concern are identified.

A previously introduced parametrization of the S matrix for two coupled channels is extended to allow use of Blatt-Biedenharn type phase shifts. It is then shown how the K-matrix parametrization of Arndt and Roper is related to the other schemes.

We have studied the reactions ${}_{}{}^{24}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Mg}$(α,p${)}^{27}$Al and ${}_{}{}^{27}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Al}$${(}^3$He,t${)}^{27}$Si to obtain independent evidence regarding the structure of states selectively populated in the ${}_{}{}^{26}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Mg}$(p,${\pi }^{\mathrm{-}}$${)}^{27}$Si reaction. High-spin two-particle one-hole configurations have been inferred from (p,${\pi }^{\mathrm{-}}$) studies for states in ${}_{}{}^{27}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Si}$ at excitation energies of 7.0 and 9.5 MeV. The (α,p) data provide evidence for two possible ${\mathrm{}(13/2)\mathrm{}}^{+}$ states in the isobaric analog nucleus ${}_{}{}^{27}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Al}$ at excitation energies of 6.98 and 9.59 MeV, while the ${(}^3$He,t) data provide evidence for a possible ${\mathrm{}(13/2)\mathrm{}}^{+}$ state at 9.49 MeV in ${}_{}{}^{27}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Si}$. These results support the inferences drawn from the (p,${\pi }^{\mathrm{-}}$) studies and the use of the A(p,${\pi }^{\mathrm{-}}$)A+1 reaction as a spectroscopic tool in identifying high-spin final states having a simple two-particle, one-hole configuration with respect to the target nucleus, which may not be easily reached or identified by other means.

We report electron scattering form factors for known $4^{\mathrm{-}}$ states in ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$ at 17.79 and 18.98 MeV. We also report statistical upper bounds for the $4^{\mathrm{-}}$ state at 19.80 MeV. The ratios of these form factors are consistent with the isospin amplitudes derived from pion scattering data. The form factors of levels observed in (e,e’) at 17.880±0.015, 18.635±0.020, and 20.510±0.025 MeV are compatible with $4^{\mathrm{-}}$ T=1 assignments. Existing (π,π’) and (p,p’) spectra do not contradict these identifications. The $4^{\mathrm{-}}$ form factors are well described by a harmonic-oscillator density with oscillator length b=1.58 fm. This value is substantially smaller than the value of 1.77 fm obtained from the ground state charge density. The form factor of the 18.98 MeV state can also be fitted by a Woods-Saxon transition density, with parameters fitted to the elastic M5 multipole of ${}_{}{}^{17}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$. The fit is improved by inclusion of meson-exchange currents. However, the isoscalar-isovector differences in the Woods-Saxon plus meson-exchange current form factors result in a poor fit to the 17.79 MeV state. The total isovector and isoscalar strengths observed for the established $4^{\mathrm{-}}$ states are 41% and 23%, respectively, of a pure single-particle prediction.

The lifetime of the lowest $0^{+}$, T=1 state of ${}_{}{}^{22}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Na}$, which decays 100% to a lower $1^{+}$, T=0 state, has been measured by the recoil-into-plunger Doppler method. The result, τ=29.3±1.0 ps, gives the average τ=28.3±0.8 ps when combined with an earlier result. A comparison of the B(M1) extracted from this lifetime with the Gamow-Teller strength for the analog β decay from the ground state of ${}_{}{}^{22}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Mg}$ to the same $1^{+}$, T=0 state in ${}_{}{}^{22}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Na}$ shows that the orbital part of the M1 γ transition is greatly enhanced relative to the spin part. These results are interpreted in the context of realistic shell-model calculations for sd-shell nuclei.

A quantal method to construct equivalent local potentials for the resonating group method nonlocal kernels is presented. The method requires two linearly independent solutions of the resonating group method integrodifferential equation. This Wronskian equivalent local potential is generally smooth, well behaved at all energies and partial waves, and is free of singularities. Therefore it can be used for interpreting purposes where the semiclassical method of Horiuchi either fails (low energies, small size of nuclei, comparable ranges of nonlocality and nucleus, etc.) or is multivalued. The necessity and importance of renormalization of the wave functions are discussed. The kernel need not be renormalized. Results are given for an n+α system and the l, E, r, and parity dependence of the system is investigated.

We review the current status of the extraction of the deuteron $D$-state to $S$-state ratio, $\eta$, from measurements of the tensor polarized cross section, $\sigma T_{22}$, in elastic d + p scattering. We examine various extrapolation techniques for obtaining $\eta$ and conclude in several independent ways that such techniques suffer from large truncation errors. First we show that different methods for determining $\eta$ give rise to very different results. Second, we use a theoretical model which estimates $\eta$ to demonstrate the magnitude of the truncation error. Third, high-precision analyzing power data also generate large changes when compared with the results from earlier, less precise measurements. The original estimates of $\eta$ appeared to agree with theory; we show that such agreement was fortuitous, and was the result of the simultaneous neglect of large Coulomb penetrability corrections and large truncation errors. We conclude that the uncertainty in $\eta$ is considerably larger than was suggested by the errors quoted in the literature.

Nuclear resonance fluorescence from energy levels in ${}_{}{}^{27}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Al}$ lying between 2 and 10 MeV excitation energy has been measured with bremsstrahlung beams of end-point energies of 7.66 and 10.37 MeV. Values of g${\Gamma }_0$ and g${\Gamma }_0$${\Gamma }_{\gamma }$/Γ for 39 levels below 10 MeV were obtained from scattering cross section and self-absorption measurements. The measurements give an upper bound of total B(M1↑) below 7.7 MeV excitation which is about 25% less than the predictions of a large-scale shell model calculation based on the free-nucleon M1 operator. The same shell model wave functions combined with an effective M1 operator based on moments and transitions between low-lying states is in good agreement with the present experimental results.

The elastic scattering of alpha particles from ${}_{}{}^{144}{}_{}{}^{}$,148,150,152,154Sm has been measured at 120 MeV. A rapid decrease in cross sections was observed at the backward angles in the deformed nuclei. The optical potential analysis including Fourier-Bessel terms has revealed that an additional surface-peaked and repulsive real central potential appears in the deformed nuclei, which represents the dynamic polarization potential due to the collective excitation.

Studies of neutron capture nucleosynthesis in the s process usually refer to a thermal energy of kT=30 keV, corresponding to a temperature of T=3.5×${10}^8$ K. This convention is justified as stellar neutron capture rates are in general not sensitive to temperature because of the approximate $E_{\mathrm{n}{}^{\mathrm{-}1/2}}$ dependence of most capture cross sections. But several important exceptions of this rule require more detailed information on the variation of the average stellar cross section with temperature. We show that activation measurements can be performed in a quasistellar neutron spectrum for kT=52 keV, using kinematically collimated neutrons from the ${}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{H}$(p,n) reaction. Neutron capture cross sections were measured in this spectrum and at kT=25 keV for ${}_{}{}^{86}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Kr}$(n,γ) and for the reaction ${}_{}{}^{84}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Kr}$(n,γ${)\mathrm{}}^{85}$${\mathrm{Kr}}^{\mathrm{m}}$, which populates the isomeric state in ${}_{}{}^{85}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Kr}$. In this way, the respective 30 keV cross sections of 3.5±0.3 and 16.7±1.2 mb could be derived by interpolation.

A coupled-channel formalism for describing inelastic hadron scattering from soft nuclei is derived. This formalism, applicable up to at least intermediate energies, employs collective many-body wave functions built from constrained Hartree-Fock or Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov intrinsic states. Successive approximations are developed in order to derive simple expressions for transition form factors to be used in coupled-channel calculations. These form factors carry the information on the intrinsic structure of the nucleus since they depend explicitly on the intrinsic states ‖q〉 and ‖q’〉 as well as the overlap 〈q‖q’〉. Under the narrow overlap approximation 〈q‖q’〉∼δ(q-q’) this information gets partly lost, and the present formalism reduces to a more familiar form. An illustration is given in the context of phenomenological form factors for proton scattering from ${}_{}{}^{196}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pt}$ considered as a γ-unstable nucleus.

Electromagnetic final state interactions modifying the final energies and momenta of the products of high-energy nuclear collisions are addressed with the help of two different models. Assumptions and approximations of the two calculations are described. Results of the models are compared to experimental neutron and proton angular distributions, to cross section ratios of products with different charges but the same baryon number, and to each other. The simple model is used to account for the different behavior of the neutron and proton angular distributions when inclusive and multiplicity selected data are compared. The more elaborate prescription gives the electromagnetic effects on the energies and momenta of the individual charged particles and is applied to augment an event generator.