The elastic scattering of intermediate energy polarized protons from polarized ${}_{}{}^{13}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$ is studied within the framework of the relativistic distorted wave Born approximation using the relativistic impulse approximation to describe the projectile–target nucleon interaction. Sensitivities of observables to (1) the upper and lower components of the valence nucleon wave function, (2) the Lorentz form of the two-body interaction, (3) isoscalar three-vector currents, and (4) the individual strengths of the separate Lorentz terms in the two-body interaction are calculated and discussed. The bound state wave functions for the 1$p_{1/2}$ valence neutron used in the calculations are taken from relativistic mean field theory and from traditional, nonrelativistic Woods-Saxon eigenstate solutions. Predictions obtained using either pseudoscalar or pseudovector projectile-nucleon coupling forms are compared. Possible effects on the p→${+}^{13}$C→ polarized target spin observables due to contributions of the core nucleons to the effective isoscalar three-vector current are discussed and investigated using a simple model. What can be learned from normal (i.e., perpendicular to scattering plane) and transverse (i.e., approximately perpendicular to beam, in the scattering plane) polarized target spin observables, as well as unpolarized p→${+}^{13}$C elastic scattering observables are discussed. The results suggest that new nuclear structure information, additional effective interaction phenomenology, and further constraints on the Lorentz character of the effective two-body interaction can in principle be obtained from analyses of p→${+}^{13}$C→ elastic scattering data. Experiments to obtain such data are encouraged.

A discussion of the relativistic formulation of the deuteron-nucleus interaction at intermediate energies using the impulse approximation and the Bethe-Salpeter formalism is presented. By folding nucleon-nucleus Dirac interactions with different models of relativistic deuteron bound state wave functions we find that the strength of the effective deuteron spin-orbit potential depends crucially on the correct description of the initial and final state momenta of the individual nucleons. The model consistent with the diagrams of the impulse approximation predicts a spin-orbit strength in qualitative agreement with the nonrelativistic deuteron folding model. Previous discrepancies between relativistic and nonrelativistic descriptions of the deuteron-nucleus interaction are resolved. This result is confirmed by a fully relativistic calculation of the deuteron-nucleus T matrix based on the impulse approximation which uses a Bethe-Salpeter wave function for the deuteron.

The decay properties of ${}_{}{}^{148}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Er}$ and ${}_{}{}^{148}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ho}$, produced in ${}_{}{}^{58}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ni}$ bombardments of ${}_{}{}^{94}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Mo}$, were investigated following on-line mass separation. New γ rays were observed for both nuclides. Transitions assigned to ${}_{}{}^{148}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ho}$ decay are predominantly from the decay of the high-spin isomer; based on its decay characteristics, we propose that this state in ${}_{}{}^{148}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ho}$ has a spin assignment of $6^{\mathrm{-}}$. The decay pattern of ${}_{}{}^{148}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Er}$ shows that the $J^{\pi }$ of the ${}_{}{}^{148}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ho}$ low-spin isomer is $1^{+}$. Coincidences between protons and x and γ rays establish ${}_{}{}^{148}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Er}$ and ${}_{}{}^{148}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ho}$ to be β-delayed-proton precursors. In the β decay of ${}_{}{}^{148}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Dy}$, three weak γ rays were observed in addition to the one intense 620.2-keV transition that has been known to follow the nuclide’s decay.

The nuclear excited states of ${}_{}{}^{118}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sn}$, ${}_{}{}^{120}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sn}$, and ${}_{}{}^{122}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sn}$ were studied by means of the decays of 4.45-min ${}_{}{}^{118}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{In}$ isomer, 46.2-sec and 47.3-sec ${}_{}{}^{120}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{In}$ isomers, and 10.3-sec and 10.8-sec ${}_{}{}^{122}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{In}$ isomers, respectively. The In activities were produced by the (n,p) reaction with 14-MeV neutrons on enriched samples of ${}_{}{}^{118}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sn}$, ${}_{}{}^{120}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sn}$, and ${}_{}{}^{122}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sn}$. The γ rays, measured with a Ge(Li) detector, were incorporated into separate level schemes, each resulting from the decay of an individual In isomer. The experimental level schemes of ${}_{}{}^{118}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sn}$, ${}_{}{}^{120}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sn}$, and ${}_{}{}^{122}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sn}$ were compared with level schemes calculated on the basis of a broken-pair model that includes up to two broken pairs in the 50<N<82 shell. This model is reasonably successful in explaining the experimental data for these nuclides.

The nuclear matrix elements for the ${}_{}{}^{76}{}_{}{}^{}$Ge${\to }^{76}$Se, ${}_{}{}^{80}{}_{}{}^{}$Se${\to }^{80}$Kr, ${}_{}{}^{82}{}_{}{}^{}$Se${\to }^{82}$Kr, and ${}_{}{}^{86}{}_{}{}^{}$Kr${\to }^{86}$Sr double β decay were calculated in a shell-model space consisting of the 0$g_{9/2}$, 1$p_{1/2}$, 1$p_{3/2}$, and 0$f_{5/2}$ orbitals for both protons and neutrons, and using an effective interaction that contained second-order corrections. For light intermediate neutrinos our results are in agreement with the previously available Los Alamos matrix elements. We have, however, obtained nuclear matrix elements relevant for intermediate heavy neutrinos, Higgs bosons, and supersymmetric particles. Using these matrix elements and the available experimental limits for neutrinoless double β decay, we obtained the following mass limits: ‖〈${\mathit{m}}_{\mathit{v}}$〉‖<1.1 eV, (〈1/${\mathit{M}}_{\mathrm{N}}$〉${)}^{\mathrm{-}1}$≳1.0×${10}^5$ GeV for the light left-handed and heavy right-handed neutrinos, the squark, and the selectron, respectively. We also obtained the limits ‖$g_{\mathrm{ee}\mathrm{\Vert }<4\mathrm{}\times {10}^{\mathrm{-}5}}$ and η<1.3×${10}^{\mathrm{-}6}$ for the majoron neutrino coupling and the admixture of right-handed currents, respectively.

Finite temperature properties of ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$ and ${}_{}{}^{40}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ca}$ are evaluated self-consistently, with a realistic effective Hamiltonian. Resulting thermodynamic functions such as the free energy are analyzed to extract their smooth thermal dependence and the thermal dependence of the shell effects. The temperature dependence of single particle energies is large compared to results obtained with phenomenological Hamiltonians. Gaps between shell centroids decrease uniformly with increasing temperature. However, the spin-orbit splitting decreases even faster, so that the shell gap follows a pattern of an initial increase with temperature followed by an eventual decrease to zero at high $T$. This thermal blocking of the Hartree-Fock spin-orbit potential is associated with the thermal sensitivity of surface properties. The approximation of thermal occupation of the $T=0\mathrm{}$ spectrum is also invalidated and the self-consistent treatment is necessary to obtain physical quantities such as the level density parameter as a function of $T$.

The recent successful prediction of the triton binding energy, $E_{\mathrm{t}}$, with the static Bonn potential is examined. Modified versions of the potential are introduced to isolate separately the effects of the deuteron D-state admixture and the ${}_{}{}^1{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{S}_0^{}{}_{}{}^{}$ scattering length on $E_{\mathrm{t}}$. Within this model study we find a monotonic relation between $E_{\mathrm{t}}$ and the ${}_{}{}^1{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{S}_0^{}{}_{}{}^{}$ scattering length and a strict linear dependence of $E_{\mathrm{t}}$ on the D-state admixture, in accordance with general well-known trends and earlier separable-potential model studies. The mechanism through which the weaker tensor force (lower D-state admixture) leads to a stronger binding of the triton is investigated by the introduction and study of effective energy-dependent central potentials.

The g factor of the $2_1^{+}$ state in ${}_{}{}^{142}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ba}$ has been remeasured with higher accuracy. The new result, when combined with recently measured values of $T_{1/2}$ for this state and with g${(2\mathrm{}}_1^{+}$) values in ${}_{}{}^{144}{}_{}{}^{}$,146Ba, clearly indicates that in this region, the proton-neutron interacting boson model gives a much better description of magnetic moments than the hydrodynamical model with the Greiner corrections.

Standard shell-model techniques of constructing and diagonalizing Hamiltonians in finite Hilbert spaces have been used to treat the N=50 isotones with an expanded model space and a new empirical effective interaction. A vector space with active 0$f_{5/2}$, 1$p_{3/2}$, 1$p_{1/2}$, and 0$g_{9/2}$ proton orbits is used to model the low-lying excitations of these nuclei. The effective interaction is obtained by varying 35 parameters, distributed over the 65 two-body matrix elements and four single particle energies of the model space, to fit over 170 experimental energy levels in nuclei from ${}_{}{}^{82}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ge}$ through ${}_{}{}^{96}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pd}$. Nearly all of the experimental level energies of N=50 nuclei involved in the fit are well reproduced by the final interaction.

We present a general method to evaluate large amplitude time-dependent Hartree Fock dynamics in a single mode and in the presence of a thermal bath. We apply the method in the small oscillation regime to isothermal and isentropic breathing mode oscillations. We employ realistic microscopic effective Hamiltonians with phenomenological extensions to large model spaces and obtain thermodynamic coefficients for ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$ and ${}_{}{}^{40}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ca}$. Coefficients for the incompressibilities, specific heats, and thermal expansion are obtained along with breathing mode frequencies as a function of temperature. A significant effect due to the nonlocality of the interaction on the collective mass is obtained. The interaction produces a remarkably low value for the incompressibility while providing an adequate description of the breathing mode energy.

Geometrical properties of the recently proposed fermion dynamical symmetry model via the coherent state methodology is presented. Critical phenomena of this model are discussed in detail.

An algorithm for obtaining a recursive algebraic expression for the various expansion coefficients appearing in the physical boson basis states is presented, using the Dyson boson mapping. It is observed that only the first few terms of the physical boson basis states, expressed in the present form, contribute to the matrix element of the Hamiltonian. Explicit numerical calculations have been performed for Ni and Sn isotopes in the obtained physical boson basis states. The pairing Hamiltonian has been used as the model interaction. The results are more than 90% in agreement with exact shell model calculations.

A large-solid-angle array has been used to determine the multiplicity of Z=1 and Z=2 particles accompanying projectile breakup into two fragments each with 5≤Z≤8. The charge balance obtained shows that projectile breakup is not associated with an unusual charge transfer to the target.

Angular distributions for the elastic and inelastic scattering of 0.8 GeV protons from ${}_{}{}^{40}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ar}$ are presented. Cross sections for protons exciting states up to about 6 MeV were measured using a high-resolution spectrometer. Distorted-wave Born-approximation analyses of states of spin $2^{+}$, $3^{\mathrm{-}}$, $4^{+}$, and $5^{\mathrm{-}}$ were performed using collective-model transition densities.

Large angle elastic differential cross section and analyzing power data are reported for 497.5 MeV p→${+}^{40}$Ca. The characteristic diffraction pattern extends to the largest momentum transfer, 5.3 ${\mathrm{fm}}^{\mathrm{-}1}$. Theoretical models which incorporate either relativistic or nonrelativistic dynamics do not quantitatively describe the data for q>3.5 ${\mathrm{fm}}^{\mathrm{-}1}$. Possible explanations for the discrepancy are suggested.

Light fragments such as ${}_{}{}^{24}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Na}$ resulting from the multifragmentation of Au by 232-GeV ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$ are emitted preferentially backwards in the laboratory system (F/B=0.81±0.05). This effect is not seen for similar products from V, Cu, or Ag targets, or for fission products from Au.

The beta decay half-lives of seven neutron-rich isotopes, ${}_{}{}^9{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Li}$, ${}_{}{}^{12}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{B}$, ${}_{}{}^{13}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{B}$, ${}_{}{}^{15}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{B}$, ${}_{}{}^{17}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{B}$, ${}_{}{}^{17}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$, and ${}_{}{}^{19}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{N}$, have been measured. The isotopes were produced by bombarding a tantalum target with a ${}_{}{}^{22}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ne}$ beam with 35 MeV/nucleon. The isotopes were separated and identified using a reaction product mass separator. The half-life measurement of ${}_{}{}^{17}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{B}$, 5.3(6) ms, is the first for this isotope.

Single-nucleon transfer cross sections have been measured for the ${}_{}{}^{48}{}_{}{}^{}$Ti${+}^{104}$Ru reaction over a large angular range at an energy near the Coulomb barrier. Evidence has been found previously in γ-ray studies for superdeformed shapes in the compound system ${(}^{152}$Dy) reached by this reaction. Reaction channels which couple to these shapes may experience interaction time delays, which would be revealed experimentally by broadened angular distributions. Although an enhancement is found in the forward angle ${}_{}{}^{49}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ti}$ yields, this enhancement is small and may reflect uncertainties in the analysis.

Within the distorted-wave impulse approximation and an extended random phase approximation theory which includes 1p 1h as well as 2p 2h excitations, we study (p,n) and (n,p) cross sections in ${}_{}{}^{90}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Zr}$ at 200 MeV. The inclusion of 2p2h excitations allows us to calculate spreading width effects microscopically without introduction of parameters. Given a fully microscopic description reasonable agreement between theory and experiment is found in the (p,n) channel. In the (n,p) channel at forward angles we find that the compact spin-dipole resonance predicted by 1p1h random-phase approximation calculations is not strongly effected by 2p2h mixing.

The E2(T=0) photofission cross section of ${}_{}{}^{236}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{U}$ was determined at energies near the barrier, by means of both the long-wavelength approximation and recent statistical calculations. The calculated E2(T=0) cross section was compared with available experimental data from the literature; this indicated that a large E2(T=0) fission probability is compatible with statistical concepts.