Measurements of the differential cross sections for the ${}_{}{}^7{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Li}$(d,ααn) reaction have been performed at deuteron incident energy E(d)=6.8 MeV. The kinematical configurations were chosen so as to optimize the population of the ${}_{}{}^5{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}_{}^{\mathrm{*}\mathrm{*}}{}_{}{}^{}$ ${(3/2\mathrm{}}^{+}$ state with 16.76 MeV excitation energy. The parameters of this resonance are deduced from the experimental data; deviations from the standard values indicate the relevance of three-body effects and/or rescattering. Some phenomenological considerations give a qualitative explanation of the results obtained. In particular, as far as the width is concerned, we observe a broadening with respect to the standard value, which may be related to the presence of a shadow pole.

Bremsstrahlung-weighted integrated cross sections for photoproton and photoneutron emission from ${}_{}{}^{17}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$ to excited residual states in ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{N}$ and ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$ have been measured by detecting the deexcitation γ rays emitted from these states in the residual nuclei. The results are compared with the previously reported ${}_{}{}^{17}{}_{}{}^{}(\gamma$,p) and ${}_{}{}^{17}{}_{}{}^{}(\gamma$,n) cross sections. About 90% of photoproton emission from ${}_{}{}^{17}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$ populates the ground-state ${(2\mathrm{}}^{\mathrm{-}}$) and the 0.298-MeV ${(3\mathrm{}}^{\mathrm{-}}$) level in ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{N}$. It is concluded that this is the result of a single-particle excitation and emission process. The remaining photoproton emission, leading to the 0.120-MeV ${(0\mathrm{}}^{\mathrm{-}}$) and 0.397-MeV ${(1\mathrm{}}^{\mathrm{-}}$) levels, occurs during the preequilibrium stage or from the compound nucleus. The results further indicate that these decay fractions are approximately independent of excitation energy in ${}_{}{}^{17}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$. For the ${}_{}{}^{17}{}_{}{}^{}(\gamma$,n${)}^{16}$O reaction, the results show that emission to bound states in ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$ is predominantly to the ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$ ground state ${(0\mathrm{}}^{+}$), with 4% of the decay from the ${}_{}{}^{17}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$ giant dipole resonance going to the 6.13-MeV ${(3\mathrm{}}^{\mathrm{-}}$) excited state; population of other bound states is not observed.

The fragmentation of relativistic ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$ projectiles in nuclear emulsion into projectile fragments of Z≥2 has been investigated. Production rates, charge, and multiplicity distribution of such projectile fragments and their dependence on target-fragment multiplicities have been obtained. The width of the momentum distribution of He (Z=2) projectile fragments as well as the average number of target fragments is found to decrease with increasing He multiplicity. These dependences are, within errors of measurement, the same for E/A=2.1, 14.6, 60, and 200 GeV, and to that extent satisfy the condition of limiting fragmentation.

Strong selectivity for populating a doublet of states at 10.75 MeV in ${}_{}{}^{13}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$ has been observed in the ${}_{}{}^9{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Be}$${(}^6$Li, d${)}^{13}$C reaction. The spectroscopic strength to other states is a factor 10 less than that observed at 10.75 MeV. Narrow peaks are observed also at 13.41 and 14.12 MeV. The ${(9/2\mathrm{}}^{+}$ state at 9.5 MeV is weakly populated here in contrast to ${}_{}{}^{10}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{B}$${(}^6$Li${,}^3$He${)}^{13}$C, where it and the 10.75 MeV states are both strongly excited. The large 10.75 MeV spectroscopic strength is not consistent with a 1p-shell origin for these states.

The magnetic moments of several short-lived states in ${}_{}{}^{103}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Rh}$, ${}_{}{}^{111}{}_{}{}^{}$,113Cd, and ${}_{}{}^{123}{}_{}{}^{}$,125Te isotopes have been measured by the transient field technique. The results, together with those obtained earlier in the ${}_{}{}^{107}{}_{}{}^{}$,109Ag isotopes, have been compared to predictions of various models and calculations. In the Z=45,47 isotopes, the odd proton seems to deform the vibrational core. The data are best explained within the framework of a triaxially deformed nucleus. In the odd-neutron isotopes with 50<N<82 and Z=48,52, weak-coupling states coexist with single-particle states in a mix of configurations.

In-plane angular correlations have been investigated in the ${}_{}{}^{28}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Si}$${(}^{16}$O${,}^{12}$C α), ${}_{}{}^{27}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Al}$${(}^{16}$O${,}^{12}$C α), and ${}_{}{}^{27}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Al}$${(}^{10}$B${,}^6$Li α), reactions at 64, 64, and 48 MeV, respectively. Two sequential processes have been clearly identified, namely, projectile sequential decay and incomplete fusion followed by particle reemission. The analysis is based on three-body kinematics and model fits of experimental angular correlation functions.

Measurements of heavy fragments produced in the interaction of ${}_{}{}^{32}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{S}$ with ${}_{}{}^{26}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Mg}$ at $E_{\mathrm{lab}=163.5\mathrm{}}$ MeV have been performed to study the interplay of the fusion reaction and binary processes. Experimental angular distributions, velocity spectra, and angle-integrated cross sections of detected heavy fragments have been compared with predictions of statistical models. The comparison shows that complete fusion exhausts the production of residues in the range Z=26–22. For fragments with atomic number Z=21 and Z=20 some other mechanism is also present. The analysis of energy spectra, angular distributions, and total kinetic energy of projectile-like fragments (Z=19–6) shows that the main process to limit fusion is an inelastic mechanism with large energy damping.

The recent reports of neutron emission due to nuclear fusion of deuterium during the electrolysis of heavy water with a palladium cathode are investigated. The results for an electrode with a deuterium-to-palladium atom ratio of 0.6 show that, at the two-sigma level, fewer than 0.002 neutrons/g sec are emitted. A search for very high neutron-multiplicity events caused by multiple muon catalysis in the palladium cathode showed no such events.

Relativistic p${\mathrm{-}}^{40}$Ca elastic scattering observables are calculated using relativistic NN amplitudes obtained from the solution of a two-body relativistic equation. Results at 200 MeV are presented for three sets of NN amplitudes, two with pure pseudovector coupling for the pion and one with a 25% admixture of pseudoscalar coupling. Differences between the predictions of these three models provide a measure of the uncertainty in constructing Dirac optical potentials from NN amplitudes.

It is shown that there exist additional sizeable sources of repulsion in the S-wave pion-nucleus optical potential of chiral origin. It is found that (${\mathit{b}}_0$${)}_{\mathrm{rchiral}}$≃-0.${011\mathrm{m}}_{\mathrm{\pi }}^{\mathrm{-}1}$ and (Re${\mathit{B}}_0$${)}_{\mathrm{chiral}}$≃-0.${023\mathrm{m}}_{\mathrm{\pi }}^{\mathrm{-}4}$ using cloudy bag form factors. Taking medium enhancement into account, this repulsion seems to be enough to offset both Galilean attraction (∝ρ) and the attraction in Re$B_0$(∝${\rho }^2$) from Δ-hole pairs.

Electron-deuteron data exhibit some unusual secondary peaks in the plots of ν$W_2$ versus Bjorken x. It is our spectulation that these peaks are evidence of interference between three-quark and the six-quark cluster contributions to the inclusive data.

Sum rules for the inelastic scattering of polarized electrons from polarized nuclei are derived and discussed. The role of the nucleon form factors is investigated with special emphasis to the case of deuteron and ${}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}$.

The quadrupole collectivity in ${}_{}{}^{182\mathrm{-}184}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{W}$ has been studied by means of heavy-ion coulomb excitation with ${}_{}{}^{58}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ni}$ and ${}_{}{}^{136}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Xe}$ projectiles; the deexcitation γ rays were measured in γ-p-p triple coincidence experiments. These data were used to determine, model-independently, both the static and transition matrix elements for the low-lying states in these nuclei with a semiclassical Coulomb-excitation least-squares search code. The results for the quadrupole moments of the second $2^{+}$ states and the E2 transitions between the γ band and the ground-state band in these nuclei do not support the prediction of a strong mixing between the β- and γ-vibrational bands in tungsten nuclei made by the pairing-plus-quadrupole model of Kumar and Baranger.

Using separable potential equations to model the T=0, J=(1/2 ΛNN three-body system, we explore the effects of ΛN-ΣN coupling in the ground state of the hypertriton. Explicit ΛN-ΣN coupling in the hyperon-nucleon interaction is shown to play a significant role, even in this lightly bound system. When the ΣN channel is formally eliminated, the dispersive energy dependence of the resulting ΛN effective interaction is repulsive whereas the resulting ΛNN three-body force is attractive.

A frequently employed approximation in momentum integrals in few-body problems is to assume that the integrand is sharply peaked in regions where the bound particles have low internal momentum. If justified, this allows one to remove portions of the integrand and evaluate them at their peak-value momentum points. In the extreme case, the only remaining term in the integral is the momentum wave function, whose integral corresponds to a position-space wave function evaluated at zero interparticle separation. The validity of this approximation is examined for systems of two and three strongly interacting particles.

A model for medium modifications to the two-nucleon effective interaction, based upon the results of nuclear matter theory, is proposed for the analysis of proton inelastic scattering to normal-parity isoscalar states of self-conjugate nuclei. An empirical effective interaction is fitted to cross section and analyzing power data for the excitation by 135 MeV protons of six states of ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$ simultaneously. Transition densities determined by electron scattering minimize uncertainties due to nuclear structure. Distorted waves are generated from the self-consistent optical potential computed from the same effective interaction, corrected for rearrangement effects. We find that a unique effective interaction provides a good global fit to all inelastic scattering data and is consistent with data for elastic scattering, which were not included in the fit. The density dependence of the empirical interaction is similar to, but somewhat smaller than, that of the Paris-Hamburg G matrix. However, we also find that the interaction strength is reduced at zero density. These comparisons suggest effects due to nonlocal density dependence beyond the local density approximation.

The absolute cross section of n+d→n+n+p at 10.3 MeV incident neutron energy has been measured in the so called ‘‘space-star’’ configuration. The results are compared with three-nucleon calculations based on the Paris potential and the new Bonn potential. The agreement within the experimental uncertainties of 8% puts an upper limit to the combined corrections due to relativistic effects, on-shell two-nucleon uncertainties, and the three-nucleon force.

We discuss multipole operators that arise in a relativistic analysis of semileptonic weak and electromagnetic interactions with nuclei. These single-particle operators are evaluated between relativistic nucleon bound states that are solutions to the Dirac equation with potentials of the form produced by the σ-ω model. The reduced matrix elements are given in terms of easily programmable radial integrals and can be applied to a number of reactions such as elastic and inelastic electron scattering, real photon processes, β decay, and charged lepton capture as well as more exotic interactions such as charged and neutral current neutrino reactions. As a specific example, we calculate the elastic and inelastic magnetic form factors of p-shell nuclei.

The elastic and inelastic α scattering to states of the ground state and γ band in ${}_{}{}^{24}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Mg}$ has been measured at 54 MeV. The data have been analyzed with the coupled-channel method based both on conventional Saxon-Woods type potentials and double-folding potentials. Coupled-channel calculations utilizing the results of this analysis give a good overall agreement with existing data in the energy range 28–120 MeV. The deduced isoscalar transition strengths compare very favorably with corresponding electromagnetic properties as well as with phenomenological interacting boson-model and microscopic shell-model calculations. The only serious discrepancy between isoscalar and electromagnetic properties, the $2_2^{+}$→$2_1^{+}$ transition strength, persists further on. The shell-model calculations have been carried out based upon the Wildenthal interaction. They account very well for both the energies and the dynamic properties of the ground state and γ band of ${}_{}{}^{24}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Mg}$.

The ${}_{}{}^{25}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Mg}$(α,t${)}^{26}$Al reaction has been studied at $E_{\alpha }$=50 MeV in the region of excitation energy from 5 to 10 MeV with an energy resolution of 20 keV. The fragmentation of the strengths for the stretched $6^{\mathrm{-}}$ states is found to be consistent with the calculation for an oblately deformed nucleus, in contrast to the prolate shape of the ground-state band.